THE SKELETAL SYSTEM CHAPTER 6
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| Acetabulum | a socket in the pelvic bone where the thigh bone joins the pelvis
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| Acromion | highest part of the shoulder where the clavical and scapula meet
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| Articulation | a join which binds two bones together
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| Ligaments | connective tissue whichs binds bone to bone
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| Skeletal Muscles | a.k.a. voluntary or striated muscles which attach to the bone
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| Smooth Muscles | muscles found in visceral organs and blood vessels
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| Synovial Joints | freely moving joints
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| Tendons | connective tissue which binds muscle to bone
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| Frontal Bone | forms the forehead and the upper part of the bony cavities that contain the eyeballs.
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| Occipital Bone | forms the back of the head and the base of the skull. contains the foramen magnum, through which the spinal cord passes.
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| Temporal Bones | form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull. Contain the middle and inner ear structures.
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| Mandibular Bone | lower jaw bone. it is the largest, strongest bone of the face and is the only movable bone of the skull.
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| Lacrimal Bones | paper thin and shaped somewhat like a fingernail. located at the inner corner of each eye, forming the sidewall of the nasal cavity adn the middle wall of the eye orbit.
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| Cervical Vertebrae | Neck. Consists of the first seven bones of the vertebral column.
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| Thoracic Vertebrae | Chest. Connect with the 12 pairs of ribs.
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| Lumbar Vertebrae | support the back and lower trunk of the body.
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| Sacrum | single triangular shaped bone that resulted from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child.
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| Coccyx | the tail bone. single bone that resulted from the fusion of 4 individual coccygeal bones in the child.
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| Xiphoid process | lower portion of the sternum.
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| Humerus | upper arm bone. joins the scapula above and the radius and ulna below.
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| Radius | one of the 2 lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bone below. its on the lateral or thumb side of the arm.
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| Ulna | 2nd of the 2 lower arms bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bones below. it's on the medial, or little finger, side of the arm.
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| Carpals | bones of the wrist. each wrist has 8 carpal bones.
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| Metacarpals | bones of the hand.
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| Phalanges | bones of the fingers.
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| Ilium | largest of the 3 hip bones. upper flared portion of the hip bones.
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| Iliac Crest | upper curved edge of the ilium.
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| Ischium | lowest part of the hip bones and is the strongest of the pelvic bones.
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| Femur | thigh bone. it's the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone of the body.
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| Patella | knee bone or kneecap. it's the largest sesamoid bone in the body. protects and covers the knee joint.
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| Tibia | shin bone. larger and stronger of the 2 lower leg bones. located on the great toe side of the lower leg.
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| Acetabulum | a socket in the pelvic bone where the thigh bone joins the pelvis
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| Acromion | highest part of the shoulder where the clavical and scapula meet
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| Articulation | a join which binds two bones together
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| Ligaments | connective tissue whichs binds bone to bone
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| Skeletal Muscles | a.k.a. voluntary or striated muscles which attach to the bone
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| Smooth Muscles | muscles found in visceral organs and blood vessels
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| Synovial Joints | freely moving joints
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| Tendons | connective tissue which binds muscle to bone
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| Frontal Bone | forms the forehead and the upper part of the bony cavities that contain the eyeballs.
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| Occipital Bone | forms the back of the head and the base of the skull. contains the foramen magnum, through which the spinal cord passes.
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| Temporal Bones | form the lower sides and part of the base of the skull. Contain the middle and inner ear structures.
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| Mandibular Bone | lower jaw bone. it is the largest, strongest bone of the face and is the only movable bone of the skull.
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| Lacrimal Bones | paper thin and shaped somewhat like a fingernail. located at the inner corner of each eye, forming the sidewall of the nasal cavity adn the middle wall of the eye orbit.
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| Cervical Vertebrae | Neck. Consists of the first seven bones of the vertebral column.
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| Thoracic Vertebrae | Chest. Connect with the 12 pairs of ribs.
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| Lumbar Vertebrae | support the back and lower trunk of the body.
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| Sacrum | single triangular shaped bone that resulted from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child.
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| Coccyx | the tail bone. single bone that resulted from the fusion of 4 individual coccygeal bones in the child.
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| Xiphoid process | lower portion of the sternum.
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| Humerus | upper arm bone. joins the scapula above and the radius and ulna below.
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| Radius | one of the 2 lower arm bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bone below. its on the lateral or thumb side of the arm.
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| Ulna | 2nd of the 2 lower arms bones that joins the humerus above and the wrist bones below. it's on the medial, or little finger, side of the arm.
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| Carpals | bones of the wrist. each wrist has 8 carpal bones.
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| Metacarpals | bones of the hand.
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| Phalanges | bones of the fingers.
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| Ilium | largest of the 3 hip bones. upper flared portion of the hip bones.
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| Iliac Crest | upper curved edge of the ilium.
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| Ischium | lowest part of the hip bones and is the strongest of the pelvic bones.
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| Femur | thigh bone. it's the longest, heaviest, and strongest bone of the body.
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| Patella | knee bone or kneecap. it's the largest sesamoid bone in the body. protects and covers the knee joint.
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| Tibia | shin bone. larger and stronger of the 2 lower leg bones. located on the big toe side of the lower leg.
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| Fibula | more slender of the 2 lower leg bones and is lateral to the tibia.
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| Tarsals | bones of the ankle.
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| Metatarsals | bones of the foot.
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| Condyle | knucklike projection at the end of a bone.
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| Diaphysis | main shaftlike portion of a bone.
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| Epiphyseal line | a layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone; also known as the epiphyseal plate.
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| Epiphysis | the end of a bone.
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| False Ribs | rib pairs 8 through 10, which connect to the vertebrae in teh back but not to the sternum in the front because they join the seventh rib in the front.
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| Flat bones | bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces, such as the sternum.
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| Floating Ribs | rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front.
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| Fontanelle or Fontanel | space between the bones of an infant's cranium; "soft spot."
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| Foramen | hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass.
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| Hematopoiesis | the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow.
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| Intercostal Spaces | spaces between the ribs.
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| Intervertebral Disc | a falt, circular platelike structure of cartilage that seres as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae.
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| Long Bones | bones that are longer than they are wide & with distinctive shaped ends, such as the femur.
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| Ossification | the conversion of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue to bone; the formation of bone.
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| Osteoblasts | immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue
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| Osteocytes | mature bone cells.
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| Periosteum | thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone.
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| Short Bones | bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box-shaped, such as the wrist bone.
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| Sinus | an opening or hollow space in a bone; a cavity within a bone.
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| Sulcus | a groove or depression in a bone; a fissure.
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| Sutures | immovable joints, such as those of the cranium.
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| Trochanter | large bony process located below the neck of the femur.
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| True Ribs | the first seven pairs of ribs, which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front.
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| Tubercle | A small rounded process of a bone.
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| Osteoporosis | porous bones; that is, bones that were once strong become fragile due to loss of bone density.
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| Osteomalacia | disease in which the bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency of calcium and phosporus in the blood.
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| Osteomyelitis | is a local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood.
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| Spinal Stenosis | narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramini (openings) of the lumbar spinal canal.
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| Kyphosis | is an abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, commonly known as hunchback or humpback.
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| Scoliosis | abnormal lateral (sideward) curvature of a portion of the spine.
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| Closed Fracture | simple fracture. a break in a bone but no open wound in the skin.
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| Open Fracture | compound fracture. a break in a bone, as well as an open wound in the skin.
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| Compression Fracture | caused by bone surfaces being forced against each other, as in the compression of one vertebra against another.
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| Impacted Fracture | occurs when a direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the small bone into the broken end of the larger bone.
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| Colles' Fracture | occurs at the lower end of the radius, within 1 inch of connecting with the wrist bones.
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| Hairline Fracture A.K.A. Stress Fracture | minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment.
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| Pathological Fracture | occurs when a bone, which is weakened by a preexisting disease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause a normal bone to break.
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| Closed Reduction | consists of aligning the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction, without making an incision into the skin.
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| Open Reduction | consists of realigning of the bone under direct observation during surgery.
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| DEXA Scan | a noninvasive procedure that measures bone density.
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