Medical terminology a living language
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| A-or an- | Without
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| Ante- | Before or in front of
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| Anti- | Against
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| Auto- | Self
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| Brady- | Slow
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| Contra- | Opposite
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| Dia- | Complete or through or across
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| dys- | abnormal or difficult or painful
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| end- or endo- | within or inner
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| epi- | upon or over or above
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| eu- | normal or good
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| ex- | out or away from
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| hetero- | different
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| hydro- | water
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| hyper- | excessive or above normal or above
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| hypo- | deficient or below normal or below
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| in- | in or within or not
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| infra- | under or beneath or below
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| inter- | between
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| intra- | within or inside
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| ipsi- | same
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| macro- | large
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| meta- | beyond or change
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| micro- | small
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| neo- | new
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| par- or para- | beside or beyond or near or two parts of a pair
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| per- | through
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| peri- | around
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| poly- | many
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| post- | after
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| pre- or pro | before or in front of
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| pseudo- | false
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| retro- | backward or behind
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| syn- | together
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| tachy- | rapid or fast
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| trans- | through or across
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| ultra- | beyond or excess
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| bi- or bin- or di- | two or double or twice
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| hemi | half
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| mono- or mon- or uni- | one
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| multi- | many
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| nulli- | none
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| quad- or quadri- | four
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| semi- | partial or half
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| tri- | three
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| arthr/o | joint
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| carcin/o | cancer
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| card/i | heart
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| chem/o | chemical
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| dermat/o | skin
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| enter/o | intestine or small intestine
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| gastr/o | stomach
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| hepat/o | liver
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| immun/o | immunity or immune or protection
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| morph/o | shape
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| muscul/o | muscle
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| nephr/o | kidney
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| neur/o | nerve
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| ophthalm/o | eye
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| oste/o | bone
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| ot/o | ear
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| pharyng/o | pharynx (commonly called throat)
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| pulmon/o | lung
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| rhin/o | nose
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| therm/o | heat
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| tonsill/o | tonsil
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| vertebr/o | vertebra (a bone of the spinal column)
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| -algia | pain
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| -cele | hernia or protrusion
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| -cise | cut
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| -cyte | cell
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| -derma | skin
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| -dynia | pain
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| -edema | swelling
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| -emia | blood condition (add this suffix creates a noun)
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| -emic | relating to blood (add this suffix creates an adjective)
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| -gen | that which produces (add sfx creates a noun such as carcinogen)
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| -genesis | production or generation (crts noun s/a carcinogenesis)
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| -genic | producing (creates an adj such as a carcinogenic substance)
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| -gnosis | knowing
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| -ia | state or condition
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| -ism | state of
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| -ion | action or condition
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| -itis | inflammation (a response to injury or infection)
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| -ization | process of
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| -ize | use or subject to
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| -logist | one who studies or specialist
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| -logy | study of
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| -lysis | separation or destruction (creates a noun for example hemolysis)
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| -lytic | separating or destructing (creates an adjective for example hemolytic)
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| -malacia | softening
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| -megaly | enlargement large
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| -oma | tumor or mass
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| -opsy | view of
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| -osis | abnormal condition or abnormal formation
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| -pathy | disease
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| -phobia | abnormal fear or aversion
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| -plegia | paralysis
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| -porosis | porous
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| -ptosis | drooping
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| -rrhagia or -rrhage | profuse fluid discharge or excessive discharge
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| -rrhea | discharge or flow
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| -rrhexis | rupture
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| -sclerosis | hardening
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| -stasis | standing still
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| -stenosis | narrowing
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| -therapy | treatment
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| -trophy | development or nourishment
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| -um | adding "-um" to a word root creates a singular noun
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| -uria | urine condition or urination
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| -centesis | puncture to withdraw fluid
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| -ectomy | excision Excision means removal by cutting.
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| -ostomy | surgical construction of a mouth or outlet drainage/insertion of a tube.
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| -otomy | incision Incision means cutting into.
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| -pexy | surgical fixation to hold or fasten in a rigid position.
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| -plasty | surgical repair or reshaping by surgery
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| -rrhaphy | suturing Suturing means stitching.
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| -tripsy | surgical crushing
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| -gram | image
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -meter | instrument for measuring
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| -metry | process of measuring
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| -scope | instrument for viewing or examination
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| -scopy | process of using an instrument to visually examine
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| -tome | cutting instrument
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| constructed terms | terms that are built using word parts
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| medical terms that are not build from word parts | - words of Greek or Latin origin
- modern terms
-named for function, such as brain scan, skin graft and blood test
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| eponyms | terms that are named after the person who first identified the condition, described the procedure or devised the object. They usually, but not always, begin with a capital letter.
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| acronyms | abbreviations that are pronounceable words formed from the first letter of several terms
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| 1. Prefixes | - modify a word root or suffix with information about direction, location, amount, size or frequency
- prefixes are optional in a constructed term
- end with a hyphen when listed in a table of prefixes (example
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| 2. Word roots | - provide basic meaning
- usually, but not always part of a constructed term
- listed in tables as a combining form (combining forms usually end in "o") (example
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| o," meaning "heat") |
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| 3. Suffixes | - provide meaning such as condition, disease, procedure
- required in every constructed term
- begin with a hyphen when listed in a table (example "-ia," meaning "state or condition")
- may convert a word root into an adjective
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| 4. Rules for using a combining vowel | - combining vowels are usually "o"
- they function in making a long medical term easier to pronounce
- they are only used between a word root and suffix if the suffix begins in a consonant
- they are always used between two word roots
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| -ac | pertaining to
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| -al | pertaining to
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| -an | pertaining to
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| -ar | pertaining to
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| -ary | pertaining to
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| -atic | pertaining to
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| -eal | pertaining to
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| -iac | pertaining to
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| -ic | pertaining to
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| -ical | pertaining to
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| -ile | pertaining to
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| -ine | pertaining to
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| -ior | pertaining to
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| -ory | pertaining to
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| -ose | pertaining to
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| -ous | pertaining to
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| -tic | pertaining to
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| 1. -algia | pain
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| 2. -centesis puncture to withdraw fluid |
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| 3. -dynia | pain
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| 4. -ectomy | excision
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| 5. -gen | that which produces (adding this suffix creates a noun)
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| 6. -genic | producing (adding this suffix creates an adjective)
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| 7. -gram | image
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| 8. -ia | state or condition
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| 9. -itis | inflammation
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| 10. -logist | one who studies or specialist
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| 11. -logy | study of
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| 12. -megaly | enlargement
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| 13. -meter | instrument for measuring
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| 14. -oma | tumor or mass
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| 15. -otomy | incision
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| 16. -pathy | disease
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| 17. -pexy | surgical fixation
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| 18. -plasty | surgical repair
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| 19. -ptosis | drooping
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| 20. -scope | instrument for viewing
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| 21. -scopy | process of using an instrument to visually examine
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| 22. -rrhaphy | suturing
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| 23. -rrhea | discharge or flow
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| 24. -therapy | treatment
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| 25. -trophy | development or nourishment
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