GS exam 4
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| Abdominal peritoneum | The serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal cavity
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| Direct inguinal hernia | A hernia that results from an acquired weakness in the inguinal floor
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| Epigastric | A term referring to the region of the abdomen above the umbilicus
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| Evisceration | Protrusion of the viscera outside the body as a result of trauma or wound disruption
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| Fascia | In the abdomen, a tough, fibrous tissue layer between the parietal peritoneum and muscle layers
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| Fistula | An abnormal tract or passage leading from one organ to another or from an organ to skin; usually caused by infection
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| Hernia | A protrusion of tissue under the skin through a weakened area of the body wall
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| Hesselbach triangle | The area bounded by the recuts abdominis muscle, the inguinal ligament, and the inferior epigastric vessels. This region is most commonly associated with inguinal hernias
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| Hypogastric | A term referring to the region of the abdomen below the stomach
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| Incarcerated hernia | Herniated tissue that is trapped in an abdominal wall defect. Incarcerated tissue requires emergency surgery to prevent ischemia and tissue necrosis
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| Incisional hernia | The postoperative herniation of tissue into the tissue layers around an abdominal incision. This may occur in the immediate postoperative period or later, after the incision has healed.
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| Indirect inguinal hernia | A hernia that protrudes into the membranous sac of the spermatic cord. This condition usually is due to a congenital defect in the abdominal wall.
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| Linea alba | A strip of avascular tissue that follows the midline and extends from the pubis to the xyphoid process
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| McBurney incision | An incision in which the oblique right muscle is manually split to allow removal of the appendix
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| Mesh | A pliable synthetic or biosynthetic material used to bridge the tissue edges of the abdominal wall. It is used during hernia repair.
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| Paramedian incision | An abdominal incision lying parallel to the midline
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| Pelvic cavity | The lower abdominal cavity, which contains the bladder, uterus, and adnexa
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| Pfannenstiel incision | A transverse incision below the umbilicus and above the pubis; it generally is used for pelvic surgery
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| Quadrants | Four designated regions of the abdomen
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| Strangulated hernia | A hernia in which abdominal tissue has become trapped between the layer of an abdominal wall defect. The strangulated tissue usually becomes swollen as a result of venous congestion. Lack of blood supply can lead to tissue necrosis
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| Subcostal | A term referring to the area of the abdomen that follows the slope of the tenth costal cartilage. A subcostal incision is made in this area
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| Subcutaneous tissue | The fatty (adipose) tissue layer lying directly under the skin of the abdominal wall and other areas of the body
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| Transverse incision | An incision that is perpendicular to the midline of the body
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| Ventral hernia | A weakness in the abdominal wall, usually resulting in protrusion of abdominal viscera against the peritoneum and abdominal fascia
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| Viscera | The organs or tissue of the abdominal cavity
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