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Ch. 3 Skeletal

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Question
Answer
consists of the bones, bone marrow, cartilage, joints, ligaments, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and bursa   skeletal system  
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form of the connective tissue that is the second hardest tissue in the human body   bone  
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tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone   periosteum  
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dense, hard, and very stron bone that forms the protective outer layer of bones   compact bone  
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lighter, and not as strong, as compact bone   spongy bone  
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means pertaining to the inner section   medullary  
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tissue that lines the medullary cavity   endosteum  
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located within the spongy bone, is hemopoietic tissue that manufactures red blood cells, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and thrombocytes   red bone marrow  
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means pertaining to the formation of blood cells   hemopoietic  
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functions as a fat storage area, is composed chiefly of fat cells and is located in the medullary cavity   yellow bone marrow  
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smooth, rubber, blue-white connective tissue that acts as a shock absorber between bones.   cartilage  
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covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints   articular cartilage  
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curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee and the temporomandibular joint of the jaw   meniscus  
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shaft of a long bone   diaphysis  
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coverd with articular cartilage, the wide end of a long bone   epiphysis  
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end of the bone located nearest to the midline of the body   proximal epiphysis  
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end of the bone located farthest away from the midline   epiphysis  
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an opening in a bone through which blood vessels, nerves, and ligaments pass   foramen  
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a normal projection on the surface of a bone that serves as an attachment for muscles and tendos   process  
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bony projection located on the temporal bones just behind the ears   mastoid process  
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also known as articulations   joints  
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place of union between two or more bones   joints  
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consisting of inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together   fibrous joints  
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also known as sutures   fibrous joints  
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also known as soft spots   fontanelles  
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allow only slight movement and consist of bones connectied entirely by cartilage   cartilaginous joints  
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the cartilaginous joint known that allows some movement to facilitate childbirth   pubic symphysis  
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created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions   synovial joint  
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means to come together   articulate  
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such as the hips and shoulders, allow a wide range of movement in many directions   ball and socket joints  
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such as the knees and elbows, are synovial joints that allow movement primarily in one direction or plane   hinge joints  
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outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve as it surrounds the joint   synovial capsule  
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lines the capsule and secretes synovial fluid   synovial membrane  
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flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant to make the smooth movement of the joint possible   synovial fluid  
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bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connection one bone to another bone, or joining a bone to cartilage   ligaments  
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a fibrous sac that acts a s acushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction such as in the shoulder, elbow, and knee joints where a tendon passes over a bone   bursa  
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How many bones are there?   206  
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protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems   axial skeleton  
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means pertaining to an axis, which is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body   axial  
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consists of 80 bones including those of the skull, the ribs, sternum, and thoracic vertebrae fo the thoracic cavity, and the other vertebrae of the spinal column   axial skeleton  
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makes body movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction.   appendicular skeleton  
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means referring to an appendage   appendicular  
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anything that is attached to a major part of the body   appendage  
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consists of 126 bones that are organized into upper extremities   appendicular skeleton  
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shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands   upper extremities  
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hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet   lower extremities  
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consists of the eight bones that form the cranium, 14 bones that form the face, and 6 bones in the middle ear   skull  
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made up of eight bones, portion of the skull that encloses the brain   cranium  
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forms the forehead   frontal bone  
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form the most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium, there are two   parietal bones  
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forms the posterior floor and walls of the cranium   occipital bone  
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form the sides and base of the cranium   temporal bones  
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forms part of the base of the skull and parts of the floor and sides of the orbit   sphenoid bone  
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is the bony socket that surrounds and proctects the eyeball   orbit  
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forms part of the posterior portion of the nose, the orbit, and the floor of the cranium.   ethmoid bone  
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the six tiny bones of the middle ear   auditory ossicles  
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is located in the temporal bone on each side of the skull, is the opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear   external auditory meatus  
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is the external opening of a canal   meatus  
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form the upper part of the bridge of the nose   nasal bones  
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also known as the cheekbones, articulate with the frontal bone   zygomatic bones  
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also known as the maxillae, form the most of the upper jaw   maxillary bones  
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form part of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose.   palatine bones  
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make up part of the orbit at the inner angle of the eye   lacrimal bones  
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are the thin, scroll-like bone that form part of the interior of the nose   inferior conchae  
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forms the base for the nasal septum   vomer bone  
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is the cartilage wall that divides the two nasal cavities   nasal septum  
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also known as the jawbone, is the only movable bone of the skull   mandible  
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also known as the TMJ   temporomandibular joint  
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also known as the rib cage, is the bony structure that protects the heart and the lungs   thoracic cavity  
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also known as costals, attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae   costals  
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the first seven pair of ribs that are attached anteriorly to the sternum   true ribs  
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the next three pair of ribs, that are attached anteriorly to cartilage that joins with the sternum   false ribs  
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the last two pairs of ribs that are only attached posteriorly   floating ribs  
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also known as the breastbone, forms the middle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts   sternum  
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is the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum   manubrium  
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is the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum   body of the sternum  
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is the structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum   xiphoid process  
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also known as the shoulder girdle which supports the arms and hands   pectoral girdle  
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a structure that encircles the body   girdle  
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also known as the collar bone, is a slender bone that connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula   clavicle  
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also known as the shoulder blade   scapula  
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is an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder   acromion  
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is the bone of the upper arm   humerus  
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is the smaller and shorter bone in the forearm   radius  
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is the larger and longer bone of the forearm   ulna  
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commonly known as the funny bone, is a large projection on the upper end of the ulna   olecranon process  
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are the bones that form the wrist   carpals  
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are the five bones that form the palms of the hand   metacarpals  
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are the 14 bones of the fingers   phalanges  
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also known as the vertebral column, supports the head and body, and protects the spinal cord   vertebral column  
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is a single segment of the spinal column   vertebra  
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means pertaining to the vertebrae   vertebral  
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are the bony strucure units of the spinal column   vertebrae  
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is the solid anterior portion   body of the vertebra  
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is the posterior portion of a vertebra   lamina  
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is the opening in the middle of the vertebra   vertebral foramen  
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are the first set of seven vertebrae that form the neck   cervical vertebrae  
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pertaining to the neck   cervical  
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make up the second set of 12 vertebrae   thoracic vertebrae  
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pertaining to the thoracic cavity   thoracic  
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make up the third set of five vertebrae and form the inward curve of the lower spine   lumbar vertebrae  
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relating to the part of the back and sides between the ribs and the pelvis   lumbar  
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is the slightly curved, triangular-shaped bone near the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back   sacrum  
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also known as the tailbone, forms the end of the spine and is actually made up of four small vertebrae that are fused together   coccyx  
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are made of cartilage, separate and cushion the vertebrae from each other   intervertebral disks  
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protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities, is also known as the pelvis or hips   pelvic girdle  
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is the broad blade-shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone   ilium  
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is the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium   sacroiliac  
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which forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears the weight of the body when sitting   ischium  
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forms the anterior portion of the public bone, is located just below the urinary bladder   pubis  
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the ileum, ischium, and pubis are separate at birth; however, they fuse to form the left and right   pubic bones  
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also known as the hip socket, is the large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint   acetabulum  
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is the upper leg bone   femur  
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is the largest bone in the body   thigh bone  
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articulates with the acetabulum   head of the femur  
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is the narrow area just below the head of the femur   femoral neck  
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pertaining to the femur   femoral  
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the complex joints that make possible movement between the upper and lower leg   knees  
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also known as the kneecap, is the bony anterior portion of the knee.   patella  
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referring to the posterior space behind the knee where hte ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located   popliteal  
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make possible the movements of the knee   cruciate ligaments  
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also known as the shinbone, is the larger weight-bearing bone in the anterior of the lower leg   tibia  
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is the smaller of the two bones of the lower leg   fibula  
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is the rounded bony protuberance on each side of the ankle   malleolus  
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form the joint between the lower leg and the foot, are each made up of seven short tarsal bones   ankles  
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these bones are similar to the bones of the wrist, but are larger in size   tarsal  
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is the anklebone that articulates with the tibia and fibula   talus  
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also known as the heel bone, is the largest of the tarsal bones   calcaneus  
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form that part of the foot to which the toes are attached   metatarsals  
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are the bones of the toes   phalanges  
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holds a Doctor of Chiropractic degree and specializes in the manipulative treatment of disorders originating from misalignment of the spine   chiropractor  
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involves manually adjusting the positions of the bones   manipulative treatment  
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also known as an orthopedist, is a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles   orthopedic surgeon  
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holds a Doctor of Osteopathy degree and uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation   osteopath  
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used to mean any bone disease   osteopathy  
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holds a Doctor of Podiatry or Doctor of Podiatric Medicine degree and specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot.   podiatrist  
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is the loss, or absence, of mobility in a joint due to disease, injury, or a surgical procedure   ankylosis  
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means being capable of movement   mobility  
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is stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly   arthrosclerosis  
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is an inflammation of a bursa   bursitis  
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is the abnormal softening of cartilage   chondromalacia  
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is a slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells   chondroma  
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is an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum   costochondritis  
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also known as a bunion, is an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe   hallux valgus  
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is blood within a joint   hemarthrosis  
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is inflammation of the synovial membrane that results in swelling and pain of the affected joint   synovitis  
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also known as luxation, is the total displacement of the bone from its joint   dislocation  
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is the partial displacement of a bone from its joint   subluxation  
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is an inflammatory condition of one or more joints   arthritis  
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is an obsolete term for arthritis to describe any painful disorder of the joints   rheumatism  
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also known as wear and tear arthritis, is most commonly associated with aging   osteoarthritis  
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the wearing away of the articular cartilage within the joints   degenerative joint disease  
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means the breaking down or impairment of a body part.   degenerative  
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also known as spinal osteoarthritis, is a degenerative disorder that can cause the loss of normal spinal structure and function   spondylosis  
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also known as gout is a type of arthritis characterized by deposists of uric acid in the joints   gouty arthritis  
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is a byproduct that is normally excreted by the kidneys   uric acid  
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commonly known by its abbreviation RA, is a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked   rheumatoid arthritis  
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is a form of rheumatoid arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae   ankylosing spondylitis  
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the progressive stiffening of a joint or joints   ankylosing  
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means the inflammation of the vertebrae   spondylitis  
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is an autoimmune disorder that affects children aged 16 years or less with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, and fatigue   juvenile rheumatoid arthritis  
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also known as a slipped or ruptured disk, is the breaking apart of an intertebral disk that results in pressure on spinal nerve roots   herniated disk  
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also known as low back pain, is pain of the lumbar region of the spine   lumbago  
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is the forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it   spondylolisthesis  
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is a congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it   spina bifida  
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pertaining to the spin   spina  
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means split   bifida  
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is an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side, also known as humpback or dowager's hump   kyphosis  
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is an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine, also known as swayback   lordosis  
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is an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine   scoliosis  
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is a malformation of the skull due to the premature closure of the cranial sutures   craniostenosis  
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is a bone disorder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue   fibrous dysplasia  
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also known as osteodynia, mean pain in a bone   ostealgia  
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is an inflammation of bone   osteitis  
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also known as adult rickets, is abnormal softening of bones in adults   osteomalacia  
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is an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone   osteomyelitis  
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is the death of bone tissue due to lack of insufficient blood supply   osteonecrosis  
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also known as osteitis deformans, is a bone disease of unknown cause   paget's disease  
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is an inflammation of the periosteum   periostitis  
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also known as infantile osteomalacia, is a deficiency disease occurring in children   rickets  
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formerly known as dwarfism, is condition resulting from the failure of the bones of the limbs to grow to an an appropriate length   short stature  
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also known as clubfoot, describes any congenital deformity of the foot involving the talus   talipes  
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is a relatively rare malignant tumor that originates in a bone   primary bone cancer  
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means progressively worse and life-threatening   malignant  
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is a tumor that occurs in the bones of the upper arm, legs, pelvis, or rib   ewing's sarcoma  
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describes tumors that have metastasized to bones from other organs such as the breasts and lungs   secondary bone cancer  
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is a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow   myeloma  
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is a benign bony projetion covered with cartilage   osteochondroma  
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means something that is not life-threatening and does not recur   benign  
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is a marked loss of bone density and an increase in bone porosity that is frequently associated with aging   osteoporosis  
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is thinner than average bone density in a young person   osteopenia  
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also known as a vertebral crush fracture, occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself   compression fracture  
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named for the Irish surgeon Abraham Colles, is also known as a fractured wrist   colles' fracture  
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also known as a broken hip, is usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur either spontaneously or as the result of a fall   osteoporotic hip fracture  
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pertaining to or caused by the porous condition of bones   osteoporotic  
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which is a broken bone   fracture  
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also known as a simple fracture, is one in which the bone is broken, but there is no open wound in the skin   closed fracture  
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also known as a compound fracture, is one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin   open fracture  
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is one in which the bone is splintered or crushed   comminuted fracture  
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means crushed into small pieces   comminuted  
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incomplete fracture, is one in which the bone is bent and only partially broken   greenstick fracture  
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occurs at an angle across the bone   oblique fracture  
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occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain   pathologic fracture  
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is a fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart   spiral fracture  
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is an overuse injury, is a small crack in the bone that often develops from chronic excessive impact   stress fracture  
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occurs straight across the bone   transverse fracture  
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can form when a long bone is fractured and fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood   fat embolus  
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also known as crepitus, is the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together   crepitation  
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forms a bulging deposit around the area of the break   callus  
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is also a thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing   callus  
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also known as an x-ray is the use of x-radiation to visualize bone fractures and other abnormalities   radiograph  
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is the visual examination of the internal structure of a joint   arthroscopy  
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is a diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found in a complete blood count test   bone marrow biopsy  
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is the use of a syringe to withdraw the liquid bone marrow   bone marrow aspiration  
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is used to image soft tissue structures such as the interior of complex joints   Magnetic resonance imaging  
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is used to determine losses or changes in bone density   bone density testing  
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is a screening test for osteoposoris or other conditions that cause a loss of bone mass   ultrasonic bone density testing  
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a low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density   dual x-ray absorptiometry  
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is used to treat certain types of cancers, such as leukemia nd lymphomas, that affect bone marrow   bone marrow transplant  
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uses healthy bone marrow cells from a compatible donor, often a sibling   allogenic bone marrow transplant  
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means originating within another   allogenic  
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the patient receives his own bone marrow cells which have been harvested, cleased, treated, and then store before the remaining bone marrow is destroyed   autologous bone marrow transplant  
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means originating within an individual   autologous  
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is a mechanical appliance, such as a leg brace or splint, that is specially designed to control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function   orthotic  
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is a substitute for a diseased or missing body part, such as a leg that has been amputated   prosthesis  
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also known as surgical ankylosis, is the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint, such as an ankle, elbow, or shoulder   arthrodesis  
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is th surgical loosening of an ankylosed joint   arthrolysis  
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is the surgical removal of a bursa   bursectomy  
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is a minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of the interior of a joint   arthroscopic surgery  
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is the surgical repair of damaged cartilage   chondroplasty  
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is the surgical removal of a synovial membrane   synovectomy  
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means the surgical repair of a damaged joint   arthroplasty  
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means that all of the parts of the knee were replaced   total knee replacement  
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describes a procedure in which only part of the knee is replaced   partial knee replacement  
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also known as a total hip arthroplasty, performed to restore a damaged hip to full function   total hip replacement  
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is an alternative to removing the head of the femur   bone-conserving hip resurfacing  
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is the replacement of a worn or failed implant   revision surgery  
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is performed to treat a herniated intervertebral disk   percutaneous diskectomy  
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is performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures   percutaneous vertebroplasty  
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is the surgical removal of a lamina, or posterior portion, of a vertebra   laminectomy  
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is a technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining together two or more vertebrae   spinal fusion  
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is the surgical removal of a portion of the skull   craniectomy  
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is a surgical incision or opening into the skull   craniotomy  
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is the surgical repair of the skull   cranioplasty  
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is the surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity   osteoclasis  
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is the surgical removal of bone   ostectomy  
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is the surgical repair of a bone or bones   osteoplasty  
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is the surgical suturing, or wiring together, of bones   osteotomy  
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is an incision through the periosteum to the bone   periosteotomy  
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also known as manipulation, is the attempted realignment of the bone involved in a fracture or joint dislocation   closed reduction  
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also known as stabilization, is the act of holding, suturing, or fastening the bone in a fixed position with strapping or a cast   immobilization  
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is a pulling force exerted on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to retun the bone or joint to normal alignment   traction  
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is a fracture treatment procedure in which pins are placed through the soft tissue and bone so that an external appliance can be used to hold the pieces of bone firmly in place during healing   external fixation  
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also known as open reduction internal fixation, is a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are place directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place   internal fixation  
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