Medical Terminology Cardiovascular System WGU
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AF | atrial fibrillation
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AICD | automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator
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aneurysm | the balooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has grown weak
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angina pectoris | a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart
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angiocardiography | The process of recording the heart and vessels after an intravenous injection of a radiopaque solution
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aorta | the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
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aorta | the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries
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aortic semilunar valve | located between the left ventricle and the aorta
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arrhythmia | Abnormal heart rhythm
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arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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arterioles | small vessels that receive blood from the arteries
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arterosclerosis | hardening of the arteries
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AS | arteriosclerosis
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atherectomy | excision of fatty plaque
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atheroma | a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery
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atherosclerosis | a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls
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atria | the two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood.
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atrial myxoma | Benign growth usually occurring on the interatrial septum.
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atypical pain | a stabbing or burning pain that is variable in location and intensity and unrelated to exertion
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AV block | interrupts signal delivery to ventricles
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AV node | Atrio-ventricular node, picks up electrical impulse from the SA node and causes ventricles to contract, causing blood to move into arteries
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BBB | Bundle Branch Block
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bicuspid valve | located between the left atrium and left ventricle
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BP | blood pressure
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bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat
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bruit | noise; an abnormal heart sound caused by turbulence within
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bundle of His | a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract
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CABG | open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart
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CAD | coronary artery disease
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capillaries | tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules, tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body
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cardiac catheterization | procedure where a catheter is inserted into an artery and guided into the heart; may be used for diagnosis of blockages or treatment
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cardiac defibrillator | Either external or implantable device that provides an electronic shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm
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cardiac enzymes | LDH and CPK
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cardiac myxosarcoma | Rare cancer of the hear usually originating in the left atrium
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cardiac pacemaker | a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat
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cardiac tamponade | mechanical compression of the heart resulting from large amounts of fluid collecting in the pericardial space and limiting the heart's normal range of motion
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cardialgia | heart pain
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cardiodynia | pain in the heart
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cardiomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the heart
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cardiomyopathy | a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium)
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Cardiovascular | of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels
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CHF | congestive heart failure
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claudication | weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp-like pain in the calves caused by poor circulation of the blood to the leg muscles
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coartation of the aorta | narrowing of the aorta before or after the ductus arteriosus causing less perfusion of the lower body
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commissurotomy | surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commissures" (points of touching)
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coronary arteries | blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle
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CPR | an emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac massage and artificial respiration
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cyanosis | a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
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diaphoresis | profuse sweating
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diastole | relaxation
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DOE | Dyspnea on exertion
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DSA | digital subraction angiography; contrast imaging is used to subtract the noncrast image of surrounding structures to image vessels
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dyspnea | difficult or labored respiration
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ECC | extracorporeal circulation, use of a cardiopulmonary machine to do the work of the heart during open heart procedures
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echocardiography | a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasound to study to structure and motions of the heart
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ectopic beats | When other areas of the heart initiate a heart beat. The appearance of the ECG does change.
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edema | swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue
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ejection fraction | measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction, measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction
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EKG | electrocardiograph: used to measure the heartbeat by electrical potential
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emesis | vomiting
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endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves
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endocardium | the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves
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epicardium | the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
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esophageal varices | swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage
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EST | Exercise Stress Test
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EVLT | endovenous laser ablation
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flutter | abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm)
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heart rate | the rate at which the heart beats
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hemangioma | benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels
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hemangiosarcoma | A malignant tumor of the blood vessels, usually occurring in the skin, liver, spleen, right atrium of the heart, and muscle; also called angiosarcoma.
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hemorrhoid | swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed)
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hemorrhoidectomy | surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them
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Holter monitor | a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24-hour period
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hypertension | a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater)
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hypotension | abnormally low blood pressure
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inferior vena cava | receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart
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ischemic pain | Angina of MI
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Diffuse, retrosternal OR - |
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Tightness, achiness in chest |
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With dyspnea, sweating, indigestion, dizziness, syncope, anxiety |
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left atrium | the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins
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left ventricle | the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta
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lipid profile | cholesterol & triglycerides
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LVAD | left ventricular assist device (bridge to cardiac transplantation)
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MI | myocardial infarction
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MIDCAB | minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass
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mitral valve | a valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle, located between the left atrium and left ventricle
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MR | ...
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MS | ...
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MUGA scan | imaging motion of heart wall muscles and assessing the function of the heart via a multiple-gated acquisition scan, which uses radioactive chemicals
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murmur | an abnormal sound of the heart
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MVP | mitral valve prolapsed
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myocardial perfusion imaging | Use radionuclide to diagnose CAD, valvular or congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy.
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myocardium | the middle muscular layer of the heart wall
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nausea | urge to vomit
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NSR | normal sinus rhythm (of the heart)
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orthopnea | form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect
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oxygenation | oxygen saturation
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PACAB | Port-access coronar artery bypass; heart is stopped and surgery is accomplished through small incision in chest
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pallor | paleness
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palpitations | pounding, racing heartbeat
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parietal pericardium | the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum
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parietal | relating to the wall of any cavity or to the parietal bone of the skull
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PDA | patent ductus arteriosus
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pericardiocentesis | surgical puncture of the membrane surrounding the heart in order to remove fluid
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pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart
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pericardium | a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart
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peripheral arterial occlusion | Blockage of bloof flow to the extremities. Acute or chronic conditions may be present, but patients with both types of conditions are likely to have underlying atherosclerosis.
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PET | positron emission tomography
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phlebectomy | surgical removal or all or part of a vein
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phlebography | X-ray of the veins after injecting a contrast medium
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phlebotomy | venipuncture
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PICC | peripherally inserted central catheter, Placement is done under sterile conditions at baseline of upper arm circumference using the cephallic or basillic vein.
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pneumatic | of the lungs
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precordial pain | chest pain over the heart and lower thorax
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precordium | an area of the chest overlying the heart
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PTCA | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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pulmonary arteries | carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
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pulmonary circulation | circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases
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pulmonary congestion | excess fluid in the lungs, airspaces, and pulmonary edema. low gas exchange. increase risk of infection like pneumonia
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pulmonary semilunar valve | heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery
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pulmonary veins | deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium
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Purkinje fibers | The smallest (and final) fibers in the cardiac conduction system. The Purkinje fibers transmit the cardiac impulse to the ventricular muscle.
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PVD | peripheral vascular disease
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Raynaud disease | Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes
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RFCA | radiofrequency catheter ablation
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right atrium | the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus
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right ventricle | the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk
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SA node | Sino-atrial node, the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium
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sclerotherapy | injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein
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septa | thin wall that separates cavities or masses; in the heart, septa separate the right atrium from the left atrium and the right ventricle from the left ventricle
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septal defect | a congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart
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SK | streptokinase
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SOB | shortness of breath
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SSS | Sick Sinus Syndrom
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superior vena cava | receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart
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Swan-Ganz catheter | central venous catheter, Used to determine: pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP); Inserted through subclavian vein and advanced to rt. atrium to pulmonary Artery
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syncope | a spontaneous loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood to the brain
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systemic circulation | circulation of blood throughout the body through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
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systole | contraction
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tachycardia | abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute)
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TDN | transdermal nitroglycerin
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TEA | thromboendarterectomy
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tetralogy of Fallot | Combination of four congenital anomalies: pulmonary stenosis, an interventricular septal defect, abnormal blood supply to the aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Needs immediate surgery to correct.
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thrill | a fine vibration, felt by an examiner's hand on a patient's body over the site of an aneurysm or on the precordium, resulting from turmoil in the flow of blood and indicating the presence of an organic murmur of grade 4 or greater intensity.
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thrombophlebitis | phlebitis in conjunction with the formation of a blood clot (thrombus), inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation
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TMR | transmyocardial revascularization
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TMR | transmyocardial revascularization
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tricuspid valve | valve with three cusps, valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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tricuspid | valve between right atrium and right ventricle
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VAD | Ventricular assist device, assists weakened heart to pump sufficient blood throughout the body. It is referred to as "a bridge to transplant" because client uses it while waiting for a heart transplant.
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valves | flaps of tissue that open and close to allow the flow of blood in one direction only. The heart's valves are located at the entrances and exits of its chambers
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valvulitis | inflammation of a valve (especially of a cardiac valve as a consequence of rheumatic fever)
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valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a valve
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varicose veins | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs
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vasculitis | inflammation of a blood vessel
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veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart
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venous distension | Enlarged or swollen veins.
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ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body.
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ventricular tachycardia | a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles, A life-threatening dysrhythmia because of the decreased cardiac output and the potential to deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation.
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venules | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins
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VF | ventricular fibrillation
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visceral pericardium | the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium
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