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MMT Ch 10
Medical Terminology Cardiovascular System WGU
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AF | atrial fibrillation |
| AICD | automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator |
| aneurysm | the balooning out of an artery wall at a point where it has grown weak |
| angina pectoris | a heart condition marked by paroxysms of chest pain due to reduced oxygen to the heart |
| angiocardiography | The process of recording the heart and vessels after an intravenous injection of a radiopaque solution |
| aorta | the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries |
| aorta | the large trunk artery that carries blood from the left ventricle of the heart to branch arteries |
| aortic semilunar valve | located between the left ventricle and the aorta |
| arrhythmia | Abnormal heart rhythm |
| arteries | blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| arterioles | small vessels that receive blood from the arteries |
| arterosclerosis | hardening of the arteries |
| AS | arteriosclerosis |
| atherectomy | excision of fatty plaque |
| atheroma | a fatty deposit in the intima (inner lining) of an artery |
| atherosclerosis | a stage of arteriosclerosis involving fatty deposits (atheromas) inside the arterial walls |
| atria | the two upper chambers of the heart- the receiving areas that pool incoming blood. |
| atrial myxoma | Benign growth usually occurring on the interatrial septum. |
| atypical pain | a stabbing or burning pain that is variable in location and intensity and unrelated to exertion |
| AV block | interrupts signal delivery to ventricles |
| AV node | Atrio-ventricular node, picks up electrical impulse from the SA node and causes ventricles to contract, causing blood to move into arteries |
| BBB | Bundle Branch Block |
| bicuspid valve | located between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| BP | blood pressure |
| bradycardia | abnormally slow heartbeat |
| bruit | noise; an abnormal heart sound caused by turbulence within |
| bundle of His | a bundle of modified heart muscle that transmits the cardiac impulse from the atrioventricular node to the ventricles causing them to contract |
| CABG | open-heart surgery in which the rib cage is opened and a section of a blood vessel is grafted from the aorta to the coronary artery to bypass the blocked section of the coronary artery and improve the blood supply to the heart |
| CAD | coronary artery disease |
| capillaries | tiny vessels that join arterioles and venules, tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body |
| cardiac catheterization | procedure where a catheter is inserted into an artery and guided into the heart; may be used for diagnosis of blockages or treatment |
| cardiac defibrillator | Either external or implantable device that provides an electronic shock to the heart to restore a normal rhythm |
| cardiac enzymes | LDH and CPK |
| cardiac myxosarcoma | Rare cancer of the hear usually originating in the left atrium |
| cardiac pacemaker | a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat |
| cardiac tamponade | mechanical compression of the heart resulting from large amounts of fluid collecting in the pericardial space and limiting the heart's normal range of motion |
| cardialgia | heart pain |
| cardiodynia | pain in the heart |
| cardiomegaly | an abnormal enlargement of the heart |
| cardiomyopathy | a disorder (usually of unknown origin) of the heart muscle (myocardium) |
| Cardiovascular | of or pertaining to or involving the heart and blood vessels |
| CHF | congestive heart failure |
| claudication | weakness of the legs accompanied by cramp-like pain in the calves caused by poor circulation of the blood to the leg muscles |
| coartation of the aorta | narrowing of the aorta before or after the ductus arteriosus causing less perfusion of the lower body |
| commissurotomy | surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have fused together at their "commissures" (points of touching) |
| coronary arteries | blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle |
| CPR | an emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac massage and artificial respiration |
| cyanosis | a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes |
| diaphoresis | profuse sweating |
| diastole | relaxation |
| DOE | Dyspnea on exertion |
| DSA | digital subraction angiography; contrast imaging is used to subtract the noncrast image of surrounding structures to image vessels |
| dyspnea | difficult or labored respiration |
| ECC | extracorporeal circulation, use of a cardiopulmonary machine to do the work of the heart during open heart procedures |
| echocardiography | a noninvasive diagnostic procedure that uses ultrasound to study to structure and motions of the heart |
| ectopic beats | When other areas of the heart initiate a heart beat. The appearance of the ECG does change. |
| edema | swelling from excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue |
| ejection fraction | measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction, measurement of the volume percentage of left ventricular contents ejected with each contraction |
| EKG | electrocardiograph: used to measure the heartbeat by electrical potential |
| emesis | vomiting |
| endocarditis | inflammation of the endocardium and heart valves |
| endocardium | the membrane that lines the cavities of the heart and forms part of the heart valves |
| epicardium | the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium |
| esophageal varices | swollen, twisted veins in the esophagus especially susceptible to ulceration and hemorrhage |
| EST | Exercise Stress Test |
| EVLT | endovenous laser ablation |
| flutter | abnormally rapid beating of the auricles of the heart (especially in a regular rhythm) |
| heart rate | the rate at which the heart beats |
| hemangioma | benign angioma consisting of a mass of blood vessels |
| hemangiosarcoma | A malignant tumor of the blood vessels, usually occurring in the skin, liver, spleen, right atrium of the heart, and muscle; also called angiosarcoma. |
| hemorrhoid | swollen, twisted vein (varicosity) in the anal region (haimorrhois = a vein likely to bleed) |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical procedure for tying hemorrhoids and excising them |
| Holter monitor | a portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continuously monitor the heart rates and rhythms over a 24-hour period |
| hypertension | a common disorder in which blood pressure remains abnormally high (a reading of 140/90 mm Hg or greater) |
| hypotension | abnormally low blood pressure |
| inferior vena cava | receives blood from lower limbs and abdominal organs and empties into the posterior part of the right atrium of the heart |
| ischemic pain | Angina of MI |
| Diffuse, retrosternal OR - | |
| Tightness, achiness in chest | |
| With dyspnea, sweating, indigestion, dizziness, syncope, anxiety | |
| left atrium | the left upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the pulmonary veins |
| left ventricle | the chamber on the left side of the heart that receives arterial blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the aorta |
| lipid profile | cholesterol & triglycerides |
| LVAD | left ventricular assist device (bridge to cardiac transplantation) |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MIDCAB | minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass |
| mitral valve | a valve in the heart that guards the opening between the left atrium and the left ventricle, located between the left atrium and left ventricle |
| MR | ... |
| MS | ... |
| MUGA scan | imaging motion of heart wall muscles and assessing the function of the heart via a multiple-gated acquisition scan, which uses radioactive chemicals |
| murmur | an abnormal sound of the heart |
| MVP | mitral valve prolapsed |
| myocardial perfusion imaging | Use radionuclide to diagnose CAD, valvular or congenital heart disease, and cardiomyopathy. |
| myocardium | the middle muscular layer of the heart wall |
| nausea | urge to vomit |
| NSR | normal sinus rhythm (of the heart) |
| orthopnea | form of dyspnea in which the person can breathe comfortably only when standing or sitting erect |
| oxygenation | oxygen saturation |
| PACAB | Port-access coronar artery bypass; heart is stopped and surgery is accomplished through small incision in chest |
| pallor | paleness |
| palpitations | pounding, racing heartbeat |
| parietal pericardium | the tough outermost layer of the pericardium that is attached to the diaphragm and the sternum |
| parietal | relating to the wall of any cavity or to the parietal bone of the skull |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus |
| pericardiocentesis | surgical puncture of the membrane surrounding the heart in order to remove fluid |
| pericarditis | inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart |
| pericardium | a double-layered serous membrane that surrounds the heart |
| peripheral arterial occlusion | Blockage of bloof flow to the extremities. Acute or chronic conditions may be present, but patients with both types of conditions are likely to have underlying atherosclerosis. |
| PET | positron emission tomography |
| phlebectomy | surgical removal or all or part of a vein |
| phlebography | X-ray of the veins after injecting a contrast medium |
| phlebotomy | venipuncture |
| PICC | peripherally inserted central catheter, Placement is done under sterile conditions at baseline of upper arm circumference using the cephallic or basillic vein. |
| pneumatic | of the lungs |
| precordial pain | chest pain over the heart and lower thorax |
| precordium | an area of the chest overlying the heart |
| PTCA | percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty |
| pulmonary arteries | carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs |
| pulmonary circulation | circulation of blood from the pulmonary artery through the vessels in the lungs and back to the heart via the pulmonary vein, providing for the exchange of gases |
| pulmonary congestion | excess fluid in the lungs, airspaces, and pulmonary edema. low gas exchange. increase risk of infection like pneumonia |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | heart valve opening from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery |
| pulmonary veins | deliver oxygen rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
| Purkinje fibers | The smallest (and final) fibers in the cardiac conduction system. The Purkinje fibers transmit the cardiac impulse to the ventricular muscle. |
| PVD | peripheral vascular disease |
| Raynaud disease | Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes |
| RFCA | radiofrequency catheter ablation |
| right atrium | the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cavae and coronary sinus |
| right ventricle | the chamber on the right side of the heart that receives venous blood from the right atrium and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk |
| SA node | Sino-atrial node, the pace-maker of the heart; where the impulse conduction of the heart usually starts; located in the top of the right atrium |
| sclerotherapy | injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of the vein |
| septa | thin wall that separates cavities or masses; in the heart, septa separate the right atrium from the left atrium and the right ventricle from the left ventricle |
| septal defect | a congenital abnormality in the septum between the left and right sides of the heart |
| SK | streptokinase |
| SOB | shortness of breath |
| SSS | Sick Sinus Syndrom |
| superior vena cava | receives blood from the head and arms and chest and empties into the right atrium of the heart |
| Swan-Ganz catheter | central venous catheter, Used to determine: pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP); Inserted through subclavian vein and advanced to rt. atrium to pulmonary Artery |
| syncope | a spontaneous loss of consciousness caused by insufficient blood to the brain |
| systemic circulation | circulation of blood throughout the body through arteries, arterioles, capillaries, and veins to deliver oxygen and nutrients to body tissues |
| systole | contraction |
| tachycardia | abnormally rapid heartbeat (over 100 beats per minute) |
| TDN | transdermal nitroglycerin |
| TEA | thromboendarterectomy |
| tetralogy of Fallot | Combination of four congenital anomalies: pulmonary stenosis, an interventricular septal defect, abnormal blood supply to the aorta, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. Needs immediate surgery to correct. |
| thrill | a fine vibration, felt by an examiner's hand on a patient's body over the site of an aneurysm or on the precordium, resulting from turmoil in the flow of blood and indicating the presence of an organic murmur of grade 4 or greater intensity. |
| thrombophlebitis | phlebitis in conjunction with the formation of a blood clot (thrombus), inflammation of a vein associated with a clot formation |
| TMR | transmyocardial revascularization |
| TMR | transmyocardial revascularization |
| tricuspid valve | valve with three cusps, valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| tricuspid | valve between right atrium and right ventricle |
| VAD | Ventricular assist device, assists weakened heart to pump sufficient blood throughout the body. It is referred to as "a bridge to transplant" because client uses it while waiting for a heart transplant. |
| valves | flaps of tissue that open and close to allow the flow of blood in one direction only. The heart's valves are located at the entrances and exits of its chambers |
| valvulitis | inflammation of a valve (especially of a cardiac valve as a consequence of rheumatic fever) |
| valvuloplasty | surgical repair of a valve |
| varicose veins | Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occuring in the legs |
| vasculitis | inflammation of a blood vessel |
| veins | blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart |
| venous distension | Enlarged or swollen veins. |
| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart, and they pump blood out to the lungs and body. |
| ventricular tachycardia | a very rapid heartbeat that begins within the ventricles, A life-threatening dysrhythmia because of the decreased cardiac output and the potential to deteriorate into ventricular fibrillation. |
| venules | small vessels that gather blood from the capillaries into the veins |
| VF | ventricular fibrillation |
| visceral pericardium | the innermost of the two layers of the pericardium |
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