NHA Phlebotomy study
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| What are the two types of circulation in the heart? | 1.Pulmonary Circulation
2.Systemic Circulation
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| Pulmonary Circulation does? | Carries Deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lings
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| Systemic Circulation does? | Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle throughout the body.
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| What are the two right valves of the heart? | Tricuspid Valve: atrioventricular valve
Pulmonic Valve: Semi Lunar valve
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| What are the two left valves of the heart? | Mitral Valve: atrioventricular valve
Aortic valve: A semi Lunar Valve
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| What are the hearts three layers? | Endocardium,Mycocardium,Epicardium
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| What are the 8 blood vessels? | Aorta, Ateries, Aterioles, capillaries,venules,veins,superior and inferior vena cavae
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| How many liters of blood are in the average adult body? | 5-6 liters
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| Plasma | Liquid portion
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| Formed elements | cellular portion consists of Erythrocytes,Leukocytes,Thrombocytes
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| What is the life span for Erythrocytes? | 120 days
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| What are the five Leukocytes? | Neutrophils,Lymphocytes,Monocytes,Eosinophils, Basophils.
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| Hemostasis | the process by which the blood vessels are repaired after injury.
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| what are the four stages of Hemostasis? | 1.Vascular Phase,2.Platelet Phase,3.Coagulation Phase,4.Fibrinolysis
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| Vascular Phase | Injury to blood vessels causing it to constrict slowing blood flow.
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| Platelet Phase | Platelets adhere to injured endothelial linning. Forms aggregation.
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| Aggregation | temporary platelet plug
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| Coagulation Phase | Converts temporary platelet plug to a stable fibrin clot.
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| Fibrinolysis | Breakdown and removal of clot.
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| APTT (Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time) | Used to monitor Heparin Therapy, and used to monitor intrinsic pathway
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| PT (prothrombin time) | Used to monitor Coumadin Therapy,this also evaluates extrinsic pathway.
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| What are the three major veins located in the antecubital fossa of the upper extremities? | Median Cubital Vein, Cephalic Vein, Basilic vein
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| Median Cubital Vein | Vein of choice, large and tends not to move.
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| Cephalic Vein | Second choice, has tendency to move, often only vein that can be palpated in the obese patient.
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| Unsuitable veins for venipuncturen are? | Sclerosed veins (hard cord like)
Thrombotic Veins
Tortuous Veins (winding or crooked veins, susceptible to infection)
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| Do not draw blood from | an arm with IV fluids running into it.
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| Hematoma | Blood accumulates in the tissue surrounding the vein. Causes= needle went through vein, or failure to apply pressure
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| Hemoconcentration | Increase of proportion due to tourniquet left to long
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| Phlebitis | Inflammation of a vein due to repeated venipuncture
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| petechiae | tiny non-raised red spots due to tourniquet being left to long.
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| Thrombus | Blood clot, usually consequence of insufficient pressure after withdrawl of needle
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| Thrombophlebitis | Inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot
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| Septicemia | systemic infection associated with the presence of a pathogenic organism introduced during venipuncture
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| Trauma | injury to underlying tissues caused by probing of needle
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| Edema | fluid retention in tissue
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| How far should you puncture when doing a capillary | no deeper than 2.0mm
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| where do you puncture on the heel | medial and lateral of the plantar surface of heel
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| what is the order of draw | yellow lightblue,red,green,lavender, gray
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| chemistry section is divided into three parts | Electrophoresis:analyzes chemical componets of blood.
Toxicology: analyzes plasma levels of drugs and posions
Immunochemistry:detects and measures substances such as hormones,enzymes, and drugs
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| profile | a group of tests ordered by physician
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| blood bank section | blood is collected stored and prepared for blood transfusion.
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| Serology (immunology) section | evaluates patients immune response through the production of antibodies.
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| Microbiology section | detection of pathogenic microorganisms in patient samples
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| urinalysis section | detects infection of the kidney and urinary tract
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| Hematology section | formed elements of the blood are studied whole blood is the most common test
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| external hemorrage | elevate the affected part above heart level and applying direct pressure to the wound
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| shock | insufficent return of blood flow to the heart
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| agents | infectious microotganisms that can be classified, viruses,bacteria,fungi, and parasites
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| portal of exit | how infectious agent leaves it's reservior
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| mode of transmission | specific ways whih microorganisms travel
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| 5 main modes of transmission | contact:direct and indirect
Droplet,Airborne,Common vehicle,vectorborne
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| portal of entry | allows infectious agent access to the susceptible host
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| susceptible host | agent enterts a person who is not resistant or immune
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| medical asepsis | destruction of pathogenic micrpoorganisms after they leave the body
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| what is the solution fraction for disinfection | 1:10 bleach to water
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| negligence | failure to excersize the standard if care that a resonable person would give
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| what are the 4 D's of negligence | Duty of care
Derelict:breach of duty of care
Direct cause:legally recognizable injury occurs as a result of breach of duty
Damage:wrongful activity must have cause the injury
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| tort | wrongful act that results in injury to a person
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| battery: | patient must give full consent before you touch them
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| invasion of privacy | release of medical records without the patients permission
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| defamation of character | injury to another persons reputation or name
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| Fasting Specimens | collection of blood when patient is in basil state refrained from excersize for 12 hrs prior drawing
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| timed specimen | measure blood levels of substances
determine blood level medications
monitor changes in a patients condition
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| Two hour postprandial test | evaluate diabetes mellitus
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| Oral Flucose Tolerance Test OGTT | diagnose diabetes mellitus and low blood sugar
scheduled to begin 0700 and 0900
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| 3 hour OGTT | test hyperglycemia
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| 5 hour OGTT | evaluate hypoglycemia
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| Therapeutic Drug Monitoring | monitors blood levels of certain medication
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| Blood Cultures | detect presence of microorganisms in patients blood
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| PKU | Ordered on infants to detect phenylketonuria causes mental retardation and brain damage
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| Cold Agglutinins | blood collected in red tube pre warmed in the incubator at 37 degrees celsius for 30 min
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| Chilled specimens | specimens must be chilled pronto in crushed ice or ice water mixture example arterial blood gases,lactic acid
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| Light sensitive specimens | protected from light wrapped in aluminum foil
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