Respiratory System
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| adenoidectomy | removal of the adenoids |
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| adenoid hypertrophy | excessive development (enlargement) of adenoids |
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| adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils |
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| alveolar | pertaining to the alveolus |
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| alveolus; alveoli | air sac in the lung |
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| anosmia | absence of the sense of smell |
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| apex of the lung | Tip or the uppermost portion of the lung |
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| apical | pertaining to (at) the apex |
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| apnea | Stoppage of breathing |
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| asphyxia | Decrease in the amount of oxygen and increase in amount of carbon dioxide in the blood leading to absence of pulse |
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| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of the lung |
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| base of the lung | Lower portion of the lung |
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| bronchiectasis | Dilation of the bronchial tubes |
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| bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi. |
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| bronchiolitis | Inflammation of the bronchioles |
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| bronchodilator | a substance (chemical or drug) that widens bronchial tubes to make breathing easier |
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| bronchospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of bronchial tubes |
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| bronchus; bronchi | Branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung |
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| carbon dioxide | Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs |
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| cilia | Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract |
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| cyanosis | Condition of bluish coloration of skin caused by decreased oxygen in the blood |
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| diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen; contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible |
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| dysphonia | Difficult (abnormal) voice; hoarseness or any voice impairment |
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| dyspnea | Difficulty breathing |
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| empyema | Pus in the pleural cavity |
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| epiglottis | lid-tike piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing |
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| epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis |
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| expectoration | expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm) |
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| expiration | Breathing out (exhalation) |
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| glottis | Slit-like opening to the larynx |
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| hemoptysis | Spitting up blood |
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| hemothorax | Blood in the pleural cavity; seen in pneumonia, tuberculosis, or carcinoma |
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| hilum of the lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. |
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| hilar | pertaining to (at) the hilum |
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| hypercapnia | Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood |
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| hyperpnea | Increase in the depth of breathing |
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| hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen (anoxia) due to decreased oxygen in the blood |
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| inspiration | Breathing in (inhalation) |
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| laryngeal | pertaining to the larynx |
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| laryngospasm | Contraction of the muscles of the larynx |
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| laryngitis | Inflammation of the voice box |
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| larynx | Voice box; contains the vocal cords |
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| lobectomy | removal of a portion of the lung |
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| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinum |
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| mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity |
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| nasogastric intubation | Tube placed from the nose into the stomach |
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| orthopnea | Breathing discomfort in any position but trunk erect (sitting or standing straight) |
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| oxygen | Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells |
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| palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth) |
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| paranasal sinus | One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose |
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| parietal pleura | Outer fold of pleura (lying closer to the ribs and the chest wall) |
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| pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat |
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| pharynx | Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx |
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| phrenic nerve | Nerve that carries messages from the brain to the diaphragm |
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| pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung |
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| pleural cavity | Space between the folds of the pleura |
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| pleurodynia | Pain associated with inflammation of irritation of pleura (or pain from intercostal muscles) |
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| pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung |
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| pneumothorax | Air within the pleural cavity (within the space between the folds) |
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| pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs |
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| pulmonary parenchyma | Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli |
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| pyothorax | Pus in the pleural cavity (within the space between the folds) |
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| respiration | Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing |
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| rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose |
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| rhinorrhea | Discharge from the nose |
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| sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinuses |
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| spirometer | Instrument to measure breathing (the air taken into and exhaled from the lungs) |
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| tachypnea | Increase in the rate of breathing; shallow respirations |
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| thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
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| thoracoscopy | Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope |
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| thoracotomy | Incision of the chest |
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| tonsillectomy | Removal of the tonsils |
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| trachea | Windpipe |
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| tracheal stenosis | Pertaining to narrowing of the trachea |
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| tracheotomy | incision of the trachea |
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| visceral pleura | the inner layer of the pleura (closer to the lung) |
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| laryngectomy | surgical removal of the voice box |
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| phrenic | pertaining to the diaphragm |
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| hypoxemia | condition of decreased oxygen in the blood |
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| Asbestosis | Type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos (insulating material used in shipbuilding, construction, past brake pads) |
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| percussion | Sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest |
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| auscultation | listening to sounds within the body, usually with a stethoscope |
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| rales | Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli |
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| rhonchi | Loud rumbling sounds heard on ascultation caused by bronchi obstructed by sputum |
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| sputum | material that is expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract |
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| pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other |
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| stridor | strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx associated with CROUP |
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| croup | acute viral infection with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough and stridor |
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| epistaxis | nose bleed |
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| diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium; the D in DPT |
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| Pertusis | Whooping cough; the P in DPT |
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| asthma | Bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing and cough |
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| cystic fibrosis | Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally |
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| emphysema | Hyperinflation of the air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls |
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| pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis |
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| PPD | skin test for TB |
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| Endotracheal tube | Tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway. |
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| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
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| a- an- | no; not; without |
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| dys- | ABNORMAL; DIFFICULT; bad; painful |
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| em- | in |
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| endo- | in; within |
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| ex- | OUT; away from |
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| hyper- | EXCESSIVE; above |
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| hypo- | DEFICIENT; LESS THAN NORMAL; below, under |
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| par- | ABNORMAL; other than |
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| para- | NEAR; along the side of; beside; abnormal; apart from |
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| re- | AGAIN; back; backward |
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| -al | pertaining to |
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| -ar | pertaining to |
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| -ary | pertaining to |
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| -ation | process; condition |
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| -constriction | narrowing |
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| -desis | BIND; tie together |
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| -dilation | expanding; widening; stretching |
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| -dynia | pain |
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| -eal | pertaining to |
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| -ectasis | EXPANSION; WIDENING; dilation; dilatation |
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| -ectomy | removal; excision; resection |
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| -ema | condition |
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| -emia | blood condition |
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| -ia | condition |
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| -ic | pertaining to |
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| -itis | inflammation |
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| -lytic | reducing; breakdown; destroying; separating |
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| -meter | measure |
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| -osis | condition, usually abnormal |
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| -osmia | smell |
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| -plasty | surgical repair |
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| -pnea | breathing |
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| -ptysis | spitting |
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| -rrhea | discharge; flow |
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| -scopy | visual examination |
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| -spasm | sudden contraction of muscle |
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| -sphyxia | pulse |
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| -stenosis | tightening; stricture |
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| -thorax | pleural cavity; chest |
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| -tomy | incision |
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| -trophy | nourishment; development (condition of) |
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| -um | tissue; structure; thing |
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| aden/o | gland |
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| adenoid/o | adenoids |
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| alveol/o | alveolus; air sac |
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| anthrac/o | coal dust |
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| asbest/o | asbestos (material used for insulating: shipbuilding, construction, brake pads of the past) |
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| atel/o | incomplete |
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| bronch/o | bronchial tube |
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| bronchi/o | bronchus |
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| bronchiol/o | bronchiole; small bronchus |
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| capn/o | carbon dioxide |
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| coni/o | dust |
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| cyan/o | blue |
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis (lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx) |
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| fibros/o | fibrous connective tissue |
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| gastr/o | stomach |
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| hem/o | blood |
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| hydr/o | water |
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| laryng/o | larynx (voice box) |
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| lob/o | lobe |
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| mediastin/o | mediastinum (middle region in chest cavity) |
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| muc/o | mucus |
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| nas/o | nose |
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| noct/o | night |
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| or/o | mouth |
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| orth/o | straight |
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| ox/o | oxygen |
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| oxysm/o | sudden |
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| pector/o | chest |
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| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) |
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| phon/o | voice; sound |
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| phren/o | diaphragm (motor nerve to diaphragm); (when related to psychology phren/o = mind) |
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| pleuro/o | pleura (double folded membrane that covers each lung) |
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| pneum/o | lung; air; gas |
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| pneumon/o | lung; air; gas |
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| pulmon/o | lung |
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| purul/o | pus |
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| py/o | pus |
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| rhin/o | nose |
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| silic/o | glass; rocks (the dust created from grinding) |
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| sinus/o | sinus (a cavity) |
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| spir/o | to breathe |
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| tel/o | complete |
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| thorac/o | chest |
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| tom/o | to cut (as used in tomogram, images are shown as slices at different depths) |
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| tonsill/o | tonsils |
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| trache/o | trachea (windpipe) |
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| viscer/o | internal organs |
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Created by:
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