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LOM ch 12
Respiratory System
| Question | Answer | |
|---|---|---|
| adenoidectomy | removal of the adenoids | |
| adenoid hypertrophy | excessive development (enlargement) of adenoids | |
| adenoids | Lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx; pharyngeal tonsils | |
| alveolar | pertaining to the alveolus | |
| alveolus; alveoli | air sac in the lung | |
| anosmia | absence of the sense of smell | |
| apex of the lung | Tip or the uppermost portion of the lung | |
| apical | pertaining to (at) the apex | |
| apnea | Stoppage of breathing | |
| asphyxia | Decrease in the amount of oxygen and increase in amount of carbon dioxide in the blood leading to absence of pulse | |
| atelectasis | incomplete expansion of the lung | |
| base of the lung | Lower portion of the lung | |
| bronchiectasis | Dilation of the bronchial tubes | |
| bronchioles | Smallest branches of the bronchi. | |
| bronchiolitis | Inflammation of the bronchioles | |
| bronchodilator | a substance (chemical or drug) that widens bronchial tubes to make breathing easier | |
| bronchospasm | Involuntary contraction of muscles in the walls of bronchial tubes | |
| bronchus; bronchi | Branch of the trachea that is a passageway into the lung | |
| carbon dioxide | Gas produced by body cells when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lungs | |
| cilia | Thin hairs attached to the mucous membrane epithelium lining the respiratory tract | |
| cyanosis | Condition of bluish coloration of skin caused by decreased oxygen in the blood | |
| diaphragm | Muscle separating the chest and abdomen; contracts and relaxes to make breathing possible | |
| dysphonia | Difficult (abnormal) voice; hoarseness or any voice impairment | |
| dyspnea | Difficulty breathing | |
| empyema | Pus in the pleural cavity | |
| epiglottis | lid-tike piece of cartilage that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing | |
| epiglottitis | Inflammation of the epiglottis | |
| expectoration | expulsion of material (mucus or phlegm) | |
| expiration | Breathing out (exhalation) | |
| glottis | Slit-like opening to the larynx | |
| hemoptysis | Spitting up blood | |
| hemothorax | Blood in the pleural cavity; seen in pneumonia, tuberculosis, or carcinoma | |
| hilum of the lung | Midline region where the bronchi, blood vessels, and nerves enter and exit the lungs. | |
| hilar | pertaining to (at) the hilum | |
| hypercapnia | Excessive carbon dioxide in the blood | |
| hyperpnea | Increase in the depth of breathing | |
| hypoxia | Deficiency of oxygen (anoxia) due to decreased oxygen in the blood | |
| inspiration | Breathing in (inhalation) | |
| laryngeal | pertaining to the larynx | |
| laryngospasm | Contraction of the muscles of the larynx | |
| laryngitis | Inflammation of the voice box | |
| larynx | Voice box; contains the vocal cords | |
| lobectomy | removal of a portion of the lung | |
| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of the mediastinum | |
| mediastinum | Region between the lungs in the chest cavity | |
| nasogastric intubation | Tube placed from the nose into the stomach | |
| orthopnea | Breathing discomfort in any position but trunk erect (sitting or standing straight) | |
| oxygen | Gas that passes into the bloodstream at the lungs and travels to all body cells | |
| palatine tonsil | One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphatic tissue in the oropharynx (palatine means pertaining to the roof of the mouth) | |
| paranasal sinus | One of the air cavities in the bones near the nose | |
| parietal pleura | Outer fold of pleura (lying closer to the ribs and the chest wall) | |
| pharyngeal | Pertaining to the throat | |
| pharynx | Throat; including the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx | |
| phrenic nerve | Nerve that carries messages from the brain to the diaphragm | |
| pleura | Double-folded membrane surrounding each lung | |
| pleural cavity | Space between the folds of the pleura | |
| pleurodynia | Pain associated with inflammation of irritation of pleura (or pain from intercostal muscles) | |
| pneumonectomy | Removal of a lung | |
| pneumothorax | Air within the pleural cavity (within the space between the folds) | |
| pulmonary | Pertaining to the lungs | |
| pulmonary parenchyma | Essential parts of the lung, responsible for respiration; bronchioles and alveoli | |
| pyothorax | Pus in the pleural cavity (within the space between the folds) | |
| respiration | Process of moving air into and out of the lungs; breathing | |
| rhinoplasty | Surgical repair of the nose | |
| rhinorrhea | Discharge from the nose | |
| sinusitis | Inflammation of the sinuses | |
| spirometer | Instrument to measure breathing (the air taken into and exhaled from the lungs) | |
| tachypnea | Increase in the rate of breathing; shallow respirations | |
| thoracic | pertaining to the chest | |
| thoracoscopy | Visual examination of the chest via small incisions and use of an endoscope | |
| thoracotomy | Incision of the chest | |
| tonsillectomy | Removal of the tonsils | |
| trachea | Windpipe | |
| tracheal stenosis | Pertaining to narrowing of the trachea | |
| tracheotomy | incision of the trachea | |
| visceral pleura | the inner layer of the pleura (closer to the lung) | |
| laryngectomy | surgical removal of the voice box | |
| phrenic | pertaining to the diaphragm | |
| hypoxemia | condition of decreased oxygen in the blood | |
| Asbestosis | Type of pneumoconiosis caused by asbestos (insulating material used in shipbuilding, construction, past brake pads) | |
| percussion | Sharp, short blows to the surface of the chest | |
| auscultation | listening to sounds within the body, usually with a stethoscope | |
| rales | Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation when there is fluid in the alveoli | |
| rhonchi | Loud rumbling sounds heard on ascultation caused by bronchi obstructed by sputum | |
| sputum | material that is expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract | |
| pleural rub | scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other | |
| stridor | strained, high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx associated with CROUP | |
| croup | acute viral infection with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough and stridor | |
| epistaxis | nose bleed | |
| diphtheria | Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium; the D in DPT | |
| Pertusis | Whooping cough; the P in DPT | |
| asthma | Bronchial airway obstruction marked by paroxysmal dyspnea, wheezing and cough | |
| cystic fibrosis | Inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally | |
| emphysema | Hyperinflation of the air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls | |
| pneumoconiosis | Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis | |
| PPD | skin test for TB | |
| Endotracheal tube | Tube is placed through the mouth to the trachea to establish an airway. | |
| COPD | Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; airway obstruction associated with emphysema and chronic bronchitis | |
| a- an- | no; not; without | |
| dys- | ABNORMAL; DIFFICULT; bad; painful | |
| em- | in | |
| endo- | in; within | |
| ex- | OUT; away from | |
| hyper- | EXCESSIVE; above | |
| hypo- | DEFICIENT; LESS THAN NORMAL; below, under | |
| par- | ABNORMAL; other than | |
| para- | NEAR; along the side of; beside; abnormal; apart from | |
| re- | AGAIN; back; backward | |
| -al | pertaining to | |
| -ar | pertaining to | |
| -ary | pertaining to | |
| -ation | process; condition | |
| -constriction | narrowing | |
| -desis | BIND; tie together | |
| -dilation | expanding; widening; stretching | |
| -dynia | pain | |
| -eal | pertaining to | |
| -ectasis | EXPANSION; WIDENING; dilation; dilatation | |
| -ectomy | removal; excision; resection | |
| -ema | condition | |
| -emia | blood condition | |
| -ia | condition | |
| -ic | pertaining to | |
| -itis | inflammation | |
| -lytic | reducing; breakdown; destroying; separating | |
| -meter | measure | |
| -osis | condition, usually abnormal | |
| -osmia | smell | |
| -plasty | surgical repair | |
| -pnea | breathing | |
| -ptysis | spitting | |
| -rrhea | discharge; flow | |
| -scopy | visual examination | |
| -spasm | sudden contraction of muscle | |
| -sphyxia | pulse | |
| -stenosis | tightening; stricture | |
| -thorax | pleural cavity; chest | |
| -tomy | incision | |
| -trophy | nourishment; development (condition of) | |
| -um | tissue; structure; thing | |
| aden/o | gland | |
| adenoid/o | adenoids | |
| alveol/o | alveolus; air sac | |
| anthrac/o | coal dust | |
| asbest/o | asbestos (material used for insulating: shipbuilding, construction, brake pads of the past) | |
| atel/o | incomplete | |
| bronch/o | bronchial tube | |
| bronchi/o | bronchus | |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole; small bronchus | |
| capn/o | carbon dioxide | |
| coni/o | dust | |
| cyan/o | blue | |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis (lid-like piece of cartilage that covers the larynx) | |
| fibros/o | fibrous connective tissue | |
| gastr/o | stomach | |
| hem/o | blood | |
| hydr/o | water | |
| laryng/o | larynx (voice box) | |
| lob/o | lobe | |
| mediastin/o | mediastinum (middle region in chest cavity) | |
| muc/o | mucus | |
| nas/o | nose | |
| noct/o | night | |
| or/o | mouth | |
| orth/o | straight | |
| ox/o | oxygen | |
| oxysm/o | sudden | |
| pector/o | chest | |
| pharyng/o | pharynx (throat) | |
| phon/o | voice; sound | |
| phren/o | diaphragm (motor nerve to diaphragm); (when related to psychology phren/o = mind) | |
| pleuro/o | pleura (double folded membrane that covers each lung) | |
| pneum/o | lung; air; gas | |
| pneumon/o | lung; air; gas | |
| pulmon/o | lung | |
| purul/o | pus | |
| py/o | pus | |
| rhin/o | nose | |
| silic/o | glass; rocks (the dust created from grinding) | |
| sinus/o | sinus (a cavity) | |
| spir/o | to breathe | |
| tel/o | complete | |
| thorac/o | chest | |
| tom/o | to cut (as used in tomogram, images are shown as slices at different depths) | |
| tonsill/o | tonsils | |
| trache/o | trachea (windpipe) | |
| viscer/o | internal organs |
Created by:
mscardenas
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