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Functions Possible at Various Levels of SCI

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Nerve Root
Key Muscles Innervated
Key Movements Available
ADL Summary
W/C Mobility
Transfers & Gait
C1-C3   Face & Neck   Mouth & Head   Talking; Chewing; Sipping; Blowing   Powered w/c with breath or chin control; Ventilator   show
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show Diaphragm; Trapezius   Respiration; Scapular elevation   Increased ability to use assistive devices that utilize scapular/head and mouth movement   Power w/c with mouth or chin control   Total dependence  
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C5   Biceps; Deltoid   Elbow flexion; Shoulder external rotation; Shoulder abduction to 90 degrees   Self feeding; Some self care with UE assistive devices   show Can assist with transfers  
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C6   show Shoulder flexion; Wrist extension   Tenodesis grasp; Bed mobility with rails; Independent with pressure relief weight shifts   Independent with manual w/c projections; Will likely still use power w/c due to fatigue   May be independent with sliding board transfers  
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C7   Triceps; Latissimus dorsi; Extrinsic finger extensors; Flexor carpi radialis   Elbow extension; Wrist flexion; Finger extension   show Independent transfers   Independent manual w/c propulsion  
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C8-T1   FLexor carpi ulnaris; Extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles   Full innervation of upper extremities   Full independence in activities requiring primarily UE use   show Independent in w/c transfers  
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T1-T8   Top half of intercostals   show Full independence in activities requiring primarily UE use with improved respiratory and trunk control   Negotiation of 6 inch curb   T6-T8 physiological standing with orthoses in parallel bars  
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T9-T12   Abdominal   Good trunk control   show Independent   Household ambulation with bilateral KAFOs and assistive device  
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show N/A   Good trunk control   Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level   Will use w/c for primary means of mobility   Community ambulation with bilateral KAFOs and assistive device; No hip flexor function  
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L1-L2   Quadratus lumborum; Iliopsoas and sartorius   show Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level   Will use w/c for primary means of mobility   Can be independent in community ambulation with bilateral KAFOs and assistive devices  
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show L3-L4 iliopsoas strong; L4-L5 quadricep, medial hamstrings strong   Hip flexion; Knee extension   Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level   Will use w/c for primary means of mobility; May continue to use w/c for efficient mobility   Ambulation with bilateral AFOs and canes possible; No gluteus maximus function  
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S1-S2   Plantar flexors; Gluteus maximus   show Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level   Will use w/c for primary means of mobility; May continue to use w/c for efficient mobility   May ambulate with articulated AFOs  
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