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SCI Functional Table
Functions Possible at Various Levels of SCI
Nerve Root | Key Muscles Innervated | Key Movements Available | ADL Summary | W/C Mobility | Transfers & Gait |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
C1-C3 | Face & Neck | Mouth & Head | Talking; Chewing; Sipping; Blowing | Powered w/c with breath or chin control; Ventilator | Total dependence; Respirator |
C4 | Diaphragm; Trapezius | Respiration; Scapular elevation | Increased ability to use assistive devices that utilize scapular/head and mouth movement | Power w/c with mouth or chin control | Total dependence |
C5 | Biceps; Deltoid | Elbow flexion; Shoulder external rotation; Shoulder abduction to 90 degrees | Self feeding; Some self care with UE assistive devices | Powered w/c with hand controls; Limited manual w/c propulsion | Can assist with transfers |
C6 | Pectoralis Major; Extensor carpi radialis; Teres Major | Shoulder flexion; Wrist extension | Tenodesis grasp; Bed mobility with rails; Independent with pressure relief weight shifts | Independent with manual w/c projections; Will likely still use power w/c due to fatigue | May be independent with sliding board transfers |
C7 | Triceps; Latissimus dorsi; Extrinsic finger extensors; Flexor carpi radialis | Elbow extension; Wrist flexion; Finger extension | Indepedent living possible; Independent with: lateral push-up pressure relief; LE dressing; LE self-ROM | Independent transfers | Independent manual w/c propulsion |
C8-T1 | FLexor carpi ulnaris; Extrinsic and intrinsic hand muscles | Full innervation of upper extremities | Full independence in activities requiring primarily UE use | Negotiation of 2-4 inch curbs and wheelis in w/c | Independent in w/c transfers |
T1-T8 | Top half of intercostals | Improved respiratory control | Full independence in activities requiring primarily UE use with improved respiratory and trunk control | Negotiation of 6 inch curb | T6-T8 physiological standing with orthoses in parallel bars |
T9-T12 | Abdominal | Good trunk control | Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level | Independent | Household ambulation with bilateral KAFOs and assistive device |
T12 | N/A | Good trunk control | Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level | Will use w/c for primary means of mobility | Community ambulation with bilateral KAFOs and assistive device; No hip flexor function |
L1-L2 | Quadratus lumborum; Iliopsoas and sartorius | Hip hiking; Weak hip flexion | Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level | Will use w/c for primary means of mobility | Can be independent in community ambulation with bilateral KAFOs and assistive devices |
L3-L5 | L3-L4 iliopsoas strong; L4-L5 quadricep, medial hamstrings strong | Hip flexion; Knee extension | Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level | Will use w/c for primary means of mobility; May continue to use w/c for efficient mobility | Ambulation with bilateral AFOs and canes possible; No gluteus maximus function |
S1-S2 | Plantar flexors; Gluteus maximus | Plantar flexion; Hip extension | Independence in all ADLs from a w/c level | Will use w/c for primary means of mobility; May continue to use w/c for efficient mobility | May ambulate with articulated AFOs |