Female reproductive system
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Adnexa uteri | Fallopian tubes, ovaries, and supporting ligaments
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Amenorrhea | Absence of menses for 6 months or for longer than 3 three of the patient's normal menstrual cycle
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Amniocentesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the amnion
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Amnion | Inner most membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus
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Amniotic fluid | Fluid that is contained within the amniotic sac
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Anovulatory | Ovulation does not occur; ovum is not released from ovary
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Areola | Dark-pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple
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Bartholin glands | Small mucus-secreting exocrine glands at the vaginal orifice(opening to outside of the body)
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Cephalic version | The fetus turns so that the head is the body part closest to the cervix( it can occur spontaneously or by a physician
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Cervix | Lower, neck-like portion of the uterus
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Chorion | Outermost layer of the two membranes surrounding the embryo; it forms the fetal part of the placenta
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Chorionic | Pertaining to the chorion
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Clitoris | Organ of sensitive erectile tissue anterior to the opening of the female urethra
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Coitus | Sexual intercourse; copulation
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Colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina
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Corpus Luteum | Empty ovarian follicle that secretes progesterone after the release of the egg cell
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Cul-de-sac | Region in the lower abdomen, midway between the rectum and the uterus
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Culdocentesis | Surgical puncture of the cul-de-sac
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Dysmenorrhea | Pain during menstration
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Dyspareunia | Painful sexual intercourse
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Dystocia | Difficult labor or birth
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Embryo | Stage in prenatal development from 2-8 weeks
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Endocervicitis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix
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Endometritis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus
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Endometrium | Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus
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Episiotomy | Incision of the vulva (the perineum)
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Estrogen | Hormone produced by the ovaries
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Fallopian tube | One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus
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Fertilization | Union of the sperm cell and ovum from which the embryo develops
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Fetal presentation | Manner in which the fetus appears to the examiner during delivery
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Fetus | Stage in prenatal development from 8 to 39 or 40 weeks
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Fimbriae | Finger-or finger like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum)
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Galactorrhea | Discharge of milk (abnormal amount)
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Gamete | Male or female sexual reproductive cell: sperm cell or ovum
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Genitalia | Reproductive organs; also called genitals
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Gestation | Period from fertilization of the ovum to birth
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Gonad | Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones; ovary and testis
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Gynecology | Study of the female reproductive organs including the breasts
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Gynecomastia | Condition of female breasts (enlarged) in a male
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Human Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) | Hormone produced by the placenta to sustain pregnancy by stimulating (-tropin) the ovaries to produce estrogen and progesterone
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Hymen | Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina
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Hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus
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Hysteroscopy | Visual examination of the uterus (endoscopic)
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Intrauterine (IUD) | Device inserted into uterus to prevent implantation of a fertilized egg
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Involution | The uterus returns to its normal nonpregnant size
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Labia | Lips of the vagina; labia majora are the larger, outermost lips, and labia minora are the smaller, innermost lips
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Lactation | Secretion of milk
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Lactiferous ducts | Tubes that carry milk within the breast
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Leukorrhea | Discharge of white vaginal secretion, which is normal or a sign of infection if it becomes yellow
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Luteinizing hormone (LH) | Hormone produced by the pituitary gland; promotes ovulation
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Mammary | Pertaining to the breast
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Mammary papilla | Nipple of the breast. A papilla is any small nipple-shaped projection
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Mammoplasty | Surgical repair of the breast
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Mastectomy | Removal of a breast
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Mastitis | Inflammation of a breast
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Menarche | Beginning of the first menstrual period and ability to reproduce
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Menometrorrhagia | Excessive uterine bleeding at and between menstrual periods
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Menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation
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Menorrhea | Menstrual discharge
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Menorrhagia | Excessive discharge of blood during menstration
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Menstruation | Monthly shedding of the uterine lining
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Metrorrhagia | Excessive discharge of blood from the uterus between menstrual periods
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Multigravida | A woman who has been pregnant more than once
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Multipara | A woman who has had many births
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Myomectomy | Removal of a muscle tumor (fibroid)
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Myometrium | Muscle layer lining the uterus
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Neonatal | Pertaining to newborn
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Neonatology | Branch of medicine that studies the disorders and care of the newborn (neonate)
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Nullipara | A woman who has not had any vaginal births
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Obstetrics | Branch of medicine concerned with pregnancy and childbirth
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Oligomenorrhea | Infrequent menstrual periods or scanty menses
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Oocyte | Immature ovum
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Oogenesis | The formation of an ovum
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Oophorectomy | Removal of an ovary
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Oophoritis | Inflammation of an ovary
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Orifice | An opening
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Ovarian | Pertaining to an ovary
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Ovarian follicle | Developing sac enclosing each ovum within the ovary
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Ovary | One of a pair of female organs (gonads) on each side of the pelvis that produce egg cells and hormones
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Ovulation | Release of an ovum from the ovary
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Ovum; ova | Mature egg cell (female gamete)
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Oxytocia | Rapid labor and delivery
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Oxytocin | A hormone which stimluate the pregnant uterus to contract (labor begins)
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Parturition | Act of giving birth
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Perineorrhaphy | Suture of the perineum
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Perineum | In females, the area between the anus and the vagina
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Pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain that produces hormones to stimulate the ovaries
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Placenta | Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy. It serves as a communication between maternal and fetal bloodstreams
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Pregancy | Condition in a female of having a developing embryo and fetus in her uterus for about 40 weeks
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Prenatal | Pertaining to before birth
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Primagravida | A woman during her first pregnancy
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Primapara | Woman who has had or who is giving birth to her first child
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Primaparous | An adjective describing a woman who has givin birth to at least one child
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Progesterone | Hormone produced by the corpus luteum in the ovary and the placenta of a pregnant woman
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Psuedocyesis | False pregnancy
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Puberty | Point in the life cycle at which secondary sex characteristics appear and gametes are produced
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Pyosalpinx | Pus in the fallopian tube
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Retroversion | The uterus is abnormally tilted backward
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Salpingectomy | Removal of fallopian tube
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Salpingitis | Inflammation of the fallopian tube
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Uterine sorosa | Outermost layer surrounding the uterus
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Uterus | Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop, and from which menstruation occurs
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Vagina | Muscular, mucosa-lined canal extending from the uterus to the exterior of the body
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Vaginal orifice | Pertaining to the opening of the vagina
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Vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagina
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Vulva | External female genitalia; includes the labia, hymen, clitoris, and vaginal orifice
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Vulvovaginitis | Inflammation of the vulva and vagina
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Zygote | Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to 2 weeks
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Abortion | Spontaneous or induced termination of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus can exist on its own
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Abruptio plancentae | Premature separation of the implanted placenta
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Apgar score | A system of scoring an infant's physical condition 1 and 5 minutes after birth
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Aspiration | Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction
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Carcinoma in situ | Localized form of cancer in cervix
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Carcinoma of the breast | Malignant tumor of the breast (arising from milk glands and ducts)
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Carcinoma of the cervix | Malignant cells within the cervix (cervical cancer)
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Carcinoma of the endometrium | Malignant tumor of the uterus (adenocarcinoma)
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Cauterization | Destruction of tissue by burning
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Cervical dysplasia | Abnormal cell growth within the cervix
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Cervicitis | Inflammation of the cervix
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Cesarean section | Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus
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Choriocarcinoma | Malignant tumor of the placenta
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Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) | Sampling of placental tissue (chorionic villi) for prenatal diganosis
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Colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina and cervix using a colposcope
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Conization | Removal of a cone-shaped section (cone biopsy) of the cervix
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Cryocauterization | Use of cold temperatures to destroy tissue
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Culdocentesis | Needle aspiration of fluid from the cul-de-ace
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Cystadenocarcinoma | Malignant tumor cells in ovary
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Cystadenocarcinoma | Malignant cysts within the ovary that are lined with atypical cells
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Dermoid cysts | An ovarian cyst lined with a variety of cell types, including skin, hair,teeth, and cartilage, and arise from immature cells in the ovary
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Dilatation | Widening of the cervix done by inserting a series of probes into the uterus
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Dilation and curettage (D&C) | Widening the cervix and scraping off the endometrial lining of the uterus
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Eptopic pregnancy | Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than the normal uterine location
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Endometriosis | Endometrial tissue located outside the uterus
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Erythroblastosis fetalis | Hemolytic disease in the newborn caused by a blood group (Rh factor) incompatability between the mother and the fetus
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Exenteration | Removal of internal organs within a cavity
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Fetal monitoring | Continuous recording of the fetal heart rate and maternal uterine contractions to reduce fetal distress during labor
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Fibrocystic diease | Numerous small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast
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Fibroids | Benign tumors in the uterus
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Hyaline membrane disease | Acute lung disease commonly seen the the premature newborn
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Hydrocephalus | Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain
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Hysterosalpingography | X-ray imaging of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
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In vitro fertilization (IVF) | Egg and sperm are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization
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Laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope (laparoscopy)
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Leiomyomas | Another word for fibroids which means benign tumors in the uterus
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lumen | Opening
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Mammography | X-ray imaging of the breast
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Meconium aspiration syndrome | Abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stool) produced by a fetus or newborn
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Multiple gestation | More than one fetus inside the uterus
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Ovarian carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the ovary (adenocarcinoma)
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Ovarian cysts | Collections of fluid within a sac (cyst) in the ovary
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Palpation | Examining by touch
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Pap test | Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix
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Pelvic inflammatory disease | Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic region
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Pelvic ultrasonography | Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off organs in the pelvic region
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Pelvimetry | Measurement of the dimensions of the maternal pelvis
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Placenta previa | Implantation of the placenta over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterus
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Preeclampsia | abnormal condition associated with pregnancy, marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, edema, and headache
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Pyloric stenosis | Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum
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Respiratory distress syndrome | Acute lung disease commonly seen in the premature newborn...also called hyaline membrane disease
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Tubal ligation | Blocking the fallopian tubes to prevent fertilization from occuring
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