Language of Medicine Chapter 8 - Created by MTatHome.com
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| abortion | Premature ending of pregnancy before the embryo or fetus is able to exist on its own.
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| abruptio placentae | Premature detachment of the placenta from its place in the uterine wall.
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| adnexa uteri | Accessory parts of the uterus; fallopian tubes and ovaries.
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| amenorrhea | Absence of menstural flow.
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| amniocentesis | Surgical puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac.
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| amnion | Innermost membranous sac surrounding the developing fetus.
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| amniotic fluid | Fluid contained within the amniotic sac surrounding the fetus.
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| anovulatory | NOt accompanied by ovulation (release of eggs from the ovary).
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| Apgar score | System of scoring an infant's physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.
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| areola | Dark, pigmented area surrounding the breast nipple.
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| aspiration | Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac with an instrument using suction.
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| Bartholin glands | Two small mucus-secreting glands near the opening of the vagina to the outside of the body.
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| bilateral oophorectomy | Excision or removal of both ovaries.
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| carcinoma in situ | Cancerous tumor that is localized and has not spread either to nearby tissue or through the lymphatic system or bloodstream.
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| carcinoma of the breast | Malignant tumor of breast tissue; breast cancer.
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| carcinoma of the cervix | Malignant cells within the cervix (lower portion of the uterus).
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| carcinoma of the endometrium | Malignant tumor of the uterus (endometrium).
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| cauterization | Destruction of tissue by burning.
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| cephalic version | Procedure for turning the fetus so that its head is the presenting part to enter the birth canal first.
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| cervical dysplasia | Abnormal cells in the cervix (lower, neck-like region of the uterus).
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| cervicitis | Inflammation of the cervix.
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| cervix | Neck-like, lower portion of the uterus.
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| cesarean section | Surgical incision of the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a fetus.
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| chlamydial infection | Bacterial infection causing pelvic inflammation in the reproductive tract of women and men.
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| choriocarcinoma | Malignant tumor of the placenta.
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| choriogenesis | Formation of the chorion, the outermost membrane surrounding the fetus.
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| chorion | Outermost membrane surrounding the developing fetus. It forms the fetal part of the placenta.
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| chorionic | Pertaining to the chorion.
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| chorionic villus sampling | Sampling of placental tissues (chorionic villi) for prenatal diagnosis.
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| clitoris | Sensitive erectile tissue, outside the body in front of the opening of the female urethra.
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| coitus | Sexual intercourse.
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| colposcopy | Visual examination of the vagina and uterine cervix using an optical magnifying instrument called a colposcope.
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| conization | Removal of cone-shaped section of cervix.
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| corpus luteum | Yellow glandular mass (corpus) formed by an ovarian follicle that has matured and discharged its ovum. It secretes progesterone to maintain pregnancy.
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| cryocauterization | Use of freezing cold temperature to burn and destroy tissue.
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| cul-de-sac | Region in the lower abdomen between the uterus and the rectum.
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| culdocentesis | Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the cul-de-sac.
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| cystadenocarcinoma | Malignant tumor containing fluid-filled sacs and glanular tissue; commonly occurring in the ovaries.
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| cystadenoma | Benign tumor of cystic and glandular components, commonly found in the ovaries.
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| dermoid cyst | Ovarian cysts lined with a variety of cell types (hair, skin, and teeth).
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| dilatation | Widening and enlargement of a hollow organ.
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| dilation and curettage | Widening (dilation) of the cervix and scraping the endometrial lining of the uterus.
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| dysmenorrhea | Painful, difficult menses (menstruation).
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| dyspareunia | Painful sexual intercourse.
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| dystocia | Difficult childbirth.
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| ectopic pregnancy | Implantation of the fertilized egg in any site other than in the uterus.
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| embryo | State in prenatal development from two to six weeks.
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| endocervicitis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the cervix (lower, neck-like portion of the uterus).
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| endometriosis | Endometrial tissue located outside of the uterus.
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| endometritis | Inflammation of the inner lining of the uterus (upper portion).
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| endometrium | Inner, mucous membrane lining of the uterus.
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| episiotomy | Incision of the vulva (perineum) to widen the opening of the vagina during a difficult childbirth.
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| erythroblastosis fetalis | Hemolytic disease of the newborn caused by a blood group incompatibility (Rh factor) between the mother and fetus.
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| estrogen | Ovarian hormone that promotes female secondary sex characteristics and sexual development.
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| exenteration | Removal of internal organs. Pelvic exenteration is removal of ovaries, uterus, fallopian tubes, vagina and sections of the intestines.
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| fallopian tube | One of a pair of ducts through which the ovum travels to the uterus (oviducts or uterine tubes).
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| fertilization | Union of the egg (ovum) and sperm cell.
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| fetal monitoring | Continuous recording of fetal heart rate and uterine contractions during labor.
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| fetal presentation | Manner in which the fetus enters the birth canal.
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| fetus | State in prenatal development from 6 to 39 / 40 weeks.
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| fibrocystic disease | Presence of small sacs of fibrous connective tissue and fluid in the breast.
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| fibroids | Benign tumors of fibrous and muscular tissue in the uterus; leiomyomas.
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| fimbriae | Finger or fringe-like ends of the fallopian tubes.
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| follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to stimulate maturation of the egg cell (ovum).
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| galactorrhea | Excessive or abnormal secretion of milk after breast-feeding has ended.
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| gamete | Reproductive cell (ovum or sperm cell).
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| genitalia | Reproductive organs (genitals).
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| gestation | Nine-month period during which a fertilized egg cell develops into an infant; pregnancy.
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| gonad | Female or male reproductive organ that produces sex cells and hormones.
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| gynecology | Study of the female reproductive organs, including the breasts.
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| gynecomastia | Female-like breast enlargement in a male.
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| human chorionic gonadotropin | Secreted by the placenta to sustain pregnancy.
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| hyaline membrane | Acute lung disease in premature infants; respiratory distress disease syndrome of the newborn.
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| hydrocephalus | Accumulation of fluid in the spaces of the brain; in infants, the condition causes enlargement of the head.
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| hymen | Mucous membrane partially or completely covering the opening to the vagina.
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| hysterectomy | Removal of the uterus.
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| hysterosalpingography | X-ray recording of the uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of contrast material
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| hysteroscopy | Visual examination (endoscopic) of the uterus.
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| in vitro fertilization | Egg and sperm cells are combined outside the body in a laboratory dish (in vitro) to facilitate fertilization. Fertilized ova are then implanted into the uterus through the cervix.
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| intrauterine device (IUD) | Device inserted by a physician into the uterus to prevent pregnancy.
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| involution | Shrinking of the uterus (womb) to its normal size after childbirth.
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| labia | Lips of the vagina.
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| lactation | Production of milk
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| lactiferous ducts | Tubes that carry milk throughout the breast.
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| lactogenesis | Production of milk.
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| laparoscopy | Visual examination of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope.
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| leiomyomas | Benign tumors of the uterus; fibroids.
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| leucorrhea | White to yellow discharge from the vagina.
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| lumen | Cavity or channel with a tube or tubular organ, as a blood vessel, vagina, or fallopian tube.
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| luteinizing hormone (LH) | Secreted by the pituitary gland to promote ovulation.
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| mammary | Pertaining to the breast.
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| mammary papilla | Nipple of the breast.
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| mammography | X-ray recording of the breast.
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| mammoplasty | Surgical repair of the breast (augmentation or reduction surgery).
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| mastectomy | Removal (excision) of a breast.
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| mastitis | Inflammation of a breast.
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| meconium aspiration syndrome | Abnormal inhalation of meconium (first stools) by a fetus or newborn.
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| menarche | Beginning of the first menstrual period (menses).
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| menometrorrhagia | Excessive uterine bleeding during menstruation and also between menstrual periods.
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| menopause | Gradual ending of menstruation.
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| menorrhagia | Abnormally heavy or long menstrual periods.
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| menorrhea | Menstruation; monthly discharge of blood from the lining of the uterus.
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| menstruation | Monthly shedding of the lining of the uterus; menses.
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| metrorrhagia | Bleeding between menstruations.
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| multigravida | A woman who has been pregnant more than once.
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| multipara | A woman who has delivered more than one viable infant.
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| myomectomy | Removal of muscle tumors (fibroids) from the uterus.
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| myometrium | Muscle layer of the uterus.
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| neonatal | Newborn.
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| neonatology | Study of newborns.
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| nullipara | A woman who has never given birth to an infant.
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| obstetrics | Branch of medicine dealing with the care of women during pregnancy and childbirth.
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| oligomenorrhea | Scanty menstrual flow.
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| oogenesis | Formation of ova (egg cells).
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| oophoritis | Inflammation of an ovary.
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| orifice | An opening.
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| ovarian | Pertaining to an ovary.
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| ovarian carcinoma | Malignant tumor of the ovary; ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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| ovarian cyst | Sacs of fluid within or on the ovaries.
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| ovarian follicle | Tiny sac in the ovary that contains an egg cell (ovum).
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| ovary | One of two female reproductive organs (gonads) that produce egg cells and female hormones (estrogen and progesterone).
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| ovulation | Release of an egg cell from an ovary.
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| ovum | Egg cell; plural is ova.
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| oxytocia | Rapid labor and childbirth.
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| oxytocin | Secretion of the pituitary gland causing contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulation of milk secretion from the breast.
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| palpation | Process of examining by using hands of fingers on the outside of the body.
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| Pap smear | Microscopic examination of stained cells removed from the vagina and cervix.
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| parturition | Act of giving birth.
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| pelvic inflammatory disease | Inflammation and infection of organs in the pelvic regions; including salpingitis, oophoritis, endometriosis, and endocervicitis.
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| pelvic ultrasonography | Recording images of sound waves as they bounce off the organs in the pelvic region.
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| pelvimetry | Measurement of the dimensions of the female pelvis.
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| perineorrhaphy | Suture of the perineum (following an episiotomy).
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| perineum | Area between the anus and vagina in females and the area between the anus and scrotal sac in males.
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| pituitary gland | Endocrine gland at the base of the brain.
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| placenta | Vascular organ that develops in the uterine wall during pregnancy.
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| placenta previa | Placental implantation over the cervical opening or in the lower region of the uterine wall.
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| preeclampsia | Abnormal condition of pregnancy marked by high blood pressure, proteinuria, and edema.
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| pregnancy | Condition of having a developing embryo and fetus in the body for about 40 weeks; gestation.
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| prenatal | Pertaining to before birth.
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| primigravida | A woman during her first pregnancy.
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| primipara | A woman who has given birth to her first child.
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| primiparous | Pertaining to a woman who has given birth to her first child.
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| progesterone | Hormone secreted by the ovaries; maintains the lining of the uterus during pregnancy.
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| puberty | Period during which secondary sex characteristics begin to develop and the ability to reproduce begins.
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| pyloric stenosis | Narrowing of the opening of the stomach to the duodenum in a newborn.
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| pyosalpinx | Pus in a fallopian tube.
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| respiratory distress syndrome | Abnormal condition in infants when a protein (surfactant) is missing in the lung tissues. Infants have difficult respiratory function; hyaline membrane disease.
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| retroversion | Tipping backward of an organ or a part of the body; as in the uterus.
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| salpingectomy | Removal of a fallopian tube.
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| salpingitis | Inflammation of a fallopian tube.
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| tubal ligation | Tying off of the fallopian tubes to make a woman incapable of reproduction; sterilization of a female.
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| uterine serosa | Outermost layer surrounding the uterus.
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| uterus | Hollow, pear-shaped muscular female organ in which the embryo and fetus develop; womb.
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| vagina | Muscular, mucosal tube extending from the uterus (cervix) to the exterior of the body.
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| vaginal orifice | Opening of the vagina to the exterior of the body.
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| vaginitis | Inflammation of the vagina.
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| vulva | External female genitalia; labia, clitoris, and vaginal orifice.
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| vulvovaginitis | Inflammation of the vulva and vagina.
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| zygote | Stage in prenatal development from fertilization and implantation to two weeks.
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