respiratory system
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| carbon dioxide | capn/o
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| functions of the respiratory system | filtering, warming, humidifying air
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| functions of the respiratory system | regulation of blood pH
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| functions of the respiratory system | role in sound, speech, and olfaction (sense of smell).
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| spir/o | respiration
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| inspiration | inhalation
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| oxygen | ox/o, ox/i
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| expiration | exhalation
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| inspiration | exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood
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| expiration/exhalation | process of exchanging O2 and CO2 between the external and the lungs
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| pulmonologist | respiratory specialist
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| upper respiratory tract pathway | nose, pharynx, larynx
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| nas/o, rhin/o | nose
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| pharyng/o | pharynx, throat
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| laryng/o | larynx, voicebox
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| lower respiratory tract pathway | trachea, bronchial tree, lungs
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| trache/o | trachea, windpipe
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| bronch/o, bronchi/o | bronchial tree
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| pulmon/o, pneum/o, pneumon/o | lungs
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| laryng/o is a combing form for the | voicebox
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| a combing form for a structure in the lower respiratory system is | trache/o
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| nose is... | 2 nares(where air enters), nasal septum(divides the nares), cilia(nose hairs), nasal cavity
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| what is the paranasal sinuses | frontal, maxillary, sphenoid and ethmoid cavities(these get there name from the bone in which they are located)
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| sin/o, sinus/o | paranasal sinuses (nasal cavity is connected to this)
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| plural of sinus | sinuses
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| salaping/o 2 meanings | eustachian tubes, fallopian tubes
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| brachi/o | arm not bronchial tubes
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| in the pharynx | nasopahrynx, eustachian tubes, pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids, orophrynx, palatine tonsils, laryngopharynx
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| nasopharynx | a part of the throat behind the nasal cavity
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| eustachian tubes (salping/0) | tube that connects the ears to the throat
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| pharyngeal tonsils/adenoids (adenoid/o) | protect against pathogens
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| oropharynx | part of the throat posterior to the oral cavity
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| palatine tonsils (tonsill/o/) | lymphatic tissue, named because they are continous witht the roof of the mouth
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| laryngopharynx | named because it's proximty to the larynx
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| what makes up the larynx (laryng/o) voicebox | epiglottis
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| epiglottis (epiglott/o) | flap of cartliage at the opening of the larynx that closes access to the trachea during swallowing
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| vocal cords | vibrate to produce speech
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| mediastinum mediastin/o | space between lungs
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| carina | trachea bifurcates (branches)
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| bronchi bronch/o, bronchi/o | right and left
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| bronchioles bronchio/o | smaller branches of bronchi
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| alveoli | air sacs
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| lungs | divided into lobes lob/o
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| pleura pleur/o | each lung is enclosed in this double-folded serous membrane
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| diaphragm and intercostal muscles | muscles reponsible for normal respiration
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| phren/o, diaphragm/o, diaphragmat/o | diaphragm
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| combining form for pharyngeal tonsils | adenoid/o
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| combing for for the double-folded serous membrane surrounding the lungs | pleur/o
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| aphonia | loss of ablity to make sounds
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| cheyne-stokes respiration | deep, rapid breathing followed by a period of apnea
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| clubbing | abnormal enlargement of the distal phalnges as a result of diminished oxygen in the blood
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| cyanosis | lack of oxygen in blood seen as bluish or grayish dicoloration of skin, nailbeds and or lips
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| cyan | blue
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| epistaxis | nosebleeds
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| phon/e | sound
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| pytsis | spitting
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| capn/o | carbon dioxide
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| hyper | excessive
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| hypo | deficient
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| hemoptysis | coughing up blood
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| hypercapnia | excessive carbon dioxide in the blood
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| hyperventilation | abnormally increased breathing
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| hypoxemia | deficient oxygen in the blood
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| hypoxia | deficient oxygen in the tissue
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| pleurodynia | pain in the chest caused by inflammation of the intercoastal muscles
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| pyrexia | fever
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| rhinorrhea | runny nose, disharge from nose
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| shortness of breath SOB | breathlessness, air hunger
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| sputum | mucous coughed up from the lungs and expectorated through the mouth
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| thoracodynia | chest pain
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| dyspnea | difficult and/or painful breathing
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| eupnea | is god, normal breathing
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| apnea | abnormal periodic cessation of breathing
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| bradypnea | abnormally slow breathing
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| hyperpnea | excessively deep breathing
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| typopnea | extremely shallow breathing
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| orthopnea | difficult breathing unless in an upright position
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| tachypnea | rapid, shallow breathing
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| pnea | breathing
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| orth/o | straight
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| hiccup/hiccough/singulutus | sound produced by the involuntary contraction of the diaphragm, followed by rapid closure of the glottis
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| stridor | high-pitched inspiration sound from the larynx
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| wheezing | whistling sound made during breathing
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| another name for nose bleed | epistaxis
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| coryza | common cold
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| croup | acute viral infection or early childhood, marked by stridor caused by spasms of the larynx, trachea and bronchi
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| epiglottitis | inflammation of the voicebox
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| ABG | arterial blood gas
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| AP | anteroposterior
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| CO2 | carbon dioxide
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| CXR | chest X-Ray
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| O2 | oxygen
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| TB | tuberculosis
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| OSA | obstructive sleep apnea
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| URI | upper respiratory infection
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| ARF | acute respiratory failure
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| CF | cystic fibrosis
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| A | auscultation & percussion
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| QFT | quantiferon tb gold test
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| PPB | postive pressure breathing
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| FEV | forced expiratory volume
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| CT | computed tomography
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| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging
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| CPAP | continous positive ariway passage
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| obstructive sleep apnea OSA | temporary lack of breathing that occurs during sleep
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| polyps of the nasal and vocal cord | small tumor like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface
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| rhinitis | inflammation of the mucus membrane of the nose
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| rhinosalpinitis | inflammation of the mucus membranes of the nose & eustachian tube
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| sinusitis | inflammation of one or more of the paranasal sinus
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| tracheomalacia | softening of the tissues of the trachea
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| tracheostenosis | narrowing of the windpipe
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| upper respiratory infection URI | inflammation of the upper respiratory tract
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| an acute viral infection of early childhood marked by stridor caused by spasms of the larynx, trachea, bronchi | croup
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| small turmor like growth that projects from a mucous membrane surface | polyps
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| asthma | respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of sudden episodic dyspnea
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| bronchospasm | a sudden involuntary contraction of bronchi, as in an asthma attack
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| bronchietctasis | chronic dilation of the bronchi
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| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COPD | respiratory disorder characterized by a progressive and irreversible diminishment in spiratory and expiratory capacity of lungs
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| emphysema | abnormal condition of the pulmonary system characterized by distension and destructive changes of the alveoli
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| acute respiratory failure ARF | a sudden inability of the respiratory system to provide oxygen and or remove carbon dioxide from the blood
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| cystic fibrosis CF | inherited disorder of the exocrine glands resulting in abnormal thick secretions of mucus that cause COPD
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| atelectasis | collapse of lung or an entire lung
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| fail chest | a condition in which multiple rib fractures cause instability in part of the chest in which the lung under the injured area contracts on inspiration and bulges out on expiration
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| hemothorax | blood in the pleural space
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| pneumothorax | air or gas in the pleural space causing the lung to collapse
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| pyothorax | pus in the pleural cavity aka empyema
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| empyema | pyothorax
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| pleural effusion | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the intrapleural space
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the parietal pleura of the lungs
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| pneumonia | inflammation of the lungs caused by a variety of pathogens
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| pulmonary abscess | localized accumulation of pus on the lungs
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| pulmonary edema | accumulation of fluid in the lung tissue
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| tuberculosis TB | chronic infectious disorder caused by an acid-fast bacillus
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| double pneumonia | affected in both lungs
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| pus in the pleural cavity | empyema
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| pus in the pleural cavity | pyothorax
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| ascultation | listening
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| an instrument commonly used to listen to sounds within the body, especially the chest | stethoscope
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| bronchoscopy | visual examination of the bronchial tubes
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| laryngoscopy | endoscopic procedure used to visualize the interior of the larynx
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| mediastinoscopy | visual examination of space between lungs
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| thoracoscopy | visual exam of the chest cavity
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| spiromerty | spirometer
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| peak flow meter | instrument used in a pulmonary function test PFT to measure breathing capacity
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| tom/o | slice
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| lung perfusion scan | nuclear medicine test that produces an image of blood flow to the lungs used to detect pulmonary embolism
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| lung ventilation scan | test using radiopharmaceuticals to produce a picture of how air is distributed in the lungs measure the ability of the lungs to take in air
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| arterial blood gases ABG | blod test that measures the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood
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| pulse oximetry | test to measure oxygen in arterial blood in which a noninvasive cliplike device is attached to either the earlobe of the fingertip
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| mantoux skin test | used to detect presence of tuberculosis antibodies
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| endoscopic procedure used to view the interior of the larynx | laryngoscopy
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| used to view the structures contained within the space between the lungs | medianstinscopy
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| ventilator breathing assistance | PPB positive pressure breathing, CPAP continous positive airway pressure
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| delivery devices breathing assistance | nasal canula, facemask/venturi, rebreathing mask
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| adenoidectomy | excision of the pharyngeal tonsils, adenoids
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| laryngectomy | excision of the voice box
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| tonsillectomy | excision of the palatine tonsils
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| lobectomy | removal of entire lobe of lung
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| pneumonectomy | removal of entire lung
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| pulmonary resection | excision of a portion or a lobe of the lung or the entire lung
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| bronchoplasty | surgical repair of a bronchial defect
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| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of the nose for healthcare or cosmetic reasons
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| septoplasty | surgical repair of the wall between the nares
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| endotracheal intubation | passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to ensure a patent (open) airway
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| thoracentesis/pleurocentesis | aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity
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| thoractomy | incision of the chest
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| sinusotomy | incision of a sinus
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| tracheotomy | incision made into the trachea below the larynx to gain access to the airway
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| tracheaostomy | opening through the neck into the trachea through which an indwelling tube may be inserted temporarily or permanently
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| or/o | mouth
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