Diseases of the muscular system
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| Strain | Occurs when a muscle or tendon is stretched | Trauma | Use ice and energy work during initial 48 to 72 hrs., massage proximal to injury may improve circulation and healing
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| Sprain | Occurs when a ligament or joint capsule becomes stretched beyond its elastic limits | Trauma | Use ice and energy work during initial 48 to 72 hrs., massage proximal to injury may improve circulation and healing
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| Muscle spasm (cramp) | Spontaneous, involuntary contraction of skeletal muscle | Trauma, water or electrolyte imbalance causing motor neurons to become hypersensitive and send out spontaneous action potentials | Short effleurage from tendons to muscle belly can reset proprioceptors, compression, strain-counterstrain, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, and reciprocal inhibition stretching techniques can be effective
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| Fibromyalgia | Disorder characterized by abnormal patterns of sleep, diffuse pain and fatigue, headaches, irritable bowel, numbness and tingling in the extremities and tender points | Unknown, some suspect genetic disposition | Use caution around tender points, kneeding, petrissage, and friction can break up adhesions and prevent further formation
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| Chronic fatigue syndrome | Disorder characterized by general fatigue | Often associated with a chronic infection of the epstein-barr virus | Massage may reduce associated stress and anxiety to allow the body to relax, avoid any deep tissue work that could overwork the immune system
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| Torticollis | Deformity of the neck causing tilting or rotation to one side | Spasm of the sternocleidomastoid muscle because of strain or infection | Massage to neck, specifically SCM, will help relieve tension and anxiety
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| Muscular dystrophy | Group of muscular disorders in which there is considerable muscle degeneration and weakness | Inherited genetic trait | Basic massage can relieve tension and related stress and anxiety, and could even slow atrophy, stretching can also be effective
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| Duchenne muscular dystrophy | Most common form of muscular dystrophy, common signs (which usually appear before 3 yrs.) include lordosis, muscle contractures, muscle wasting, and fat and connective tissue deposition in the muscles, patients are usually confined to a wheelchair by 12 | Inherited sex-linked trait (predominantly affects males) | Basic massage can relieve tension and related stress and anxiety, and could even slow atrophy, stretching can also be effective
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| Myasthenia gravis | Disease characterized by destruction of acetylcholine receptor sites, producing overall muscle weakness, weakness made worse by exercise and emotional stress and may lead to death if respiratory muscles are affected. 4 times more common in women then men. | Autoimmune disease in which the body produces an immune response against the acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction, sometimes the cause is unknown | Basic massage and range of motion exercises can relax and reduce stress, avoid any deep tissue work, which can release toxins in the body, stressing the kidneys and liver and potentially further complicating the condition
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