HazMat Tech 1 Definitions
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| show | acid
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| show | caustic
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| Materials that can react or ignite if they are exposed to air. | show 🗑
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| A phenomenon that occurs during the rapid release (boiling) of a liquefied gas that causes it to temporarily remain in a liquid state through rapid cooling. | show 🗑
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| show | biological agents
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| show | biological toxins
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| show | blood agents
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| Temperature at which the transition from a liquid to a gas state occurs. The vapor pressure of a liquid equals the surrounding atmospheric pressure so that the liquid rapidly becomes a vapor. | show 🗑
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| show | catalyst
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| show | chemical change
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| Caused when two or more chemicals, or the chemical and its container are incompatible. | show 🗑
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| Separate elements that bond together to form a ______ _______, they have a tendency to break down into their component parts, sometimes in an explosive manner. | show 🗑
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| show | concentration
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| show | critical temperature
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| The pressure that must be applied to bring a gas to its liquid state. | show 🗑
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| show | dissociation
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| show | corrosivity
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| show | dose
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| The biological reaction caused by the dose in the body. The degree of harm is directly related to the dose (time and amount) and it's impact on bodily functions. | show 🗑
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| show | expansion ratio
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| show | flash point
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| The temperature at which enough vapors are given off to support continuous burning. | show 🗑
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| The difference between the upper and lower flammable limits. | show 🗑
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| show | lower explosive limit (LEL); "too lean to burn"
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| The maximum vapor to air concentration above, which a flame will not propagate. | show 🗑
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| show | half-life
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| show | halogenated hydrocarbons
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| Added to products to control their chemical reaction with other products. If it is not added or escapes during an incident, the material will begin to polymerize, which creates a very dangerous situation. | show 🗑
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| show | ignition (auto-ignition) temperature
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| show | instability
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| Materials made through the sharing or transfer of electrons. | show 🗑
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| They cause respiratory distress and copious tearing that incapacitate a victim. | show 🗑
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| show | maximum safe storage temperature (MSST)
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| show | melting point
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| Temperature at which a liquid converts to a solid. | show 🗑
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| show | miscibility
(1) miscibility is complete solubility
(2) generally seen in liquids
(3) water and (ethyl) alcohol are miscible, while oil and water are not
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| Substances that interfere with the central nervous system. | show 🗑
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| Pertaining to a class of chemical compounds that formerly comprised only those existing in or derived from plants or animals, but that now includes all other compounds of carbon. | show 🗑
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| Composed of matter that is not animal or vegetable; not having the organized structure of living things; lacks carbon chains. | show 🗑
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| The combining of anything with oxygen or the propensity to yield oxygen which will present a greater hazard. | show 🗑
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| Refers to a chemical's ability to remain in the environment. The more it is the greater the propensity for it to remain harmful over a period of time. | show 🗑
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| The numerical measure of a solution's hydrogen ion concentration as related to acidity or alkalinity. | show 🗑
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| The process when objects undergo a change that does not change their chemical properties. | show 🗑
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| The characteristic form of a material at ambient temperature | show 🗑
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| show | polymerization
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| Spontaneous emission of ionizing radiation as a consequence of a nuclear reaction, or directly from the breakdown of an unstable nucleus. | show 🗑
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| show | alpha
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| Can damage skin tissue and internal organs if they enter the body. Full protective clothing, including positive pressure SCBA, will protect against this type of radiation | show 🗑
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| show | gamma
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| show | reactivity
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| show | water reactivity
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| show | riot control agents (ie: tear gas)
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| show | saturated hydrocarbons (also called alkanes or paraffin hydrocarbons)
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| Materials that have at least one multiple bond between two carbon atoms somewhere in the molecule, which causes them to be more hazardous. | show 🗑
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| Materials that contain the benzene "ring", which is formed by six carbon atoms and contains double bonds; its greatest hazard is toxicity. | show 🗑
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| show | self-accelerating decomposition temperature
(a) this reaction can be violent, usually rupturing the vessel or container dispersing peroxide, liquid and gaseous decomposition products considerable distances.
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| The ability of a substance to form a solution with water can be important when determining control methods. | show 🗑
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| Mixture in which all of the ingredients are completely dissolved. | show 🗑
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| Pourable mixture of a solid and a liquid. | show 🗑
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| The weight of a solid or liquid compared to an equal volume of water. | show 🗑
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| show | strength
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| show | sublimation
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| Influences the hazards present and the measures taken to control an incident that involves that product. | show 🗑
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| Byproducts of the combustion process that are harmful to humans. Some materials generate more highly toxic gases than others do; therefore, appropriate levels of protective clothing and equipment must be used to counter them. | show 🗑
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| show | vapor density
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| show | vapor pressure
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| show | vesicants (blister agents)
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| Measure of the thickness of a liquid, determines how easily it flows. During an incident this will affect the flow away from a leaking container, expanding the endangered area. | show 🗑
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| Ease with which a liquid or solid can pass into the vapor state. During an incident this will affect the dispersement in air and expand the endangered area. | show 🗑
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| Measurements of radioactivity, the number of atoms in a given quantity of radioactive material that are detected to have decayed in one minute. | show 🗑
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| The maximum level to which a healthy worker can be exposed for 30 minutes and escape without suffering irreversible health effects or impairment. | show 🗑
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| show | incubation period
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| show | infectious dose
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| show | lethal concentration (LC50)
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| show | lethal dose (LD50)
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| The ratio of the amount of one substance to the amount of another, expressed as a unit of solute dissolved in one million units of solution. Denotes the number of units of one substance relative to one million units of another substance. | show 🗑
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| Number of units of one substance relative to one billion units of another substance. | show 🗑
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| show | permissible exposure limit (PEL) (OSHA)
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| show | radiation absorbed dose (rad)
Largely obsolete unit of absorbed radiation dose, equal to 1 centigray. Now superseded in the SI by the gray; 1 rad is equal to 10 milligray, 100 rads are equal to 1 Gy.
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| An international unit of the intensity of x-rays and gamma rays. The absorbed dose of ionizing radiation that produces the same biological effect as 1 rad of xrays or gamma rays (which are equal) | show 🗑
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| The maximum concentration to which a healthy adult can be exposed without risk of injury, and the exposure to higher concentrations should not occur. | show 🗑
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| show | threshold limit value short-term exposure limit (TLV-STEL)
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| The maximum concentration, averaged over 8 hours, to which a healthy adult can be repeatedly exposed for 8 hours per day, 40 hours per week. | show 🗑
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