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2AX5X Vol.2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What instrument measures the weight of air? | Mercurial barometer. |
| What is the standard atmospheric pressure at sea level measured in inches of mercury? In psi? | 29.92 inches of mercury; 14.7 psi. |
| What are the two temperature scales that are commonly used? | Fahrenheit and Celsius. |
| If two aircraft are flying with the same horsepower but at different altitudes, why does the aircraft flying at higher altitudes fly faster than the aircraft flying at a lower altitude? | Because at the higher altitude, the air is less dense therefore causing less drag on the aircraft. |
| What is the term for the curve of the surface of an airfoil from the leading edge to the trailing edge? | Camber. |
| What aerodynamic forces affect aircraft in flight? | Life, weight, thrust, and drag. |
| How does drag act in relation to relative wind? | Parallel |
| Define AOA. | The angle between the mean chord line of an airfoil and the aircraft flight path. |
| How are airframe components joined? | By rivets, bolts, screws, welds or adhesives. |
| What are the five stresses to which airframes are subjected? | Tension, compression, torsion, shear, and bending. |
| Which fuselage design does not use formers, frame assemblies, or bulkheads to give shape to the fuselage? | The monocoque design. |
| What internal wing components serve as an attachment point for the skin? | The ribs and stringers. |
| What type of material is usually used for construction of flight control surfaces? | Aluminum alloy |
| What is used to round out the angle formed btween the fixed tail surfaces and the fuselage? | Fairing. |
| What structural unit provides a smooth airflow around and into the engine inlet? | Engine nacelles. |
| What component controls airflow around the weapons to reduce turbulence in the bay on some bomber aircraft? | Bay spoilers or air spoilers. |
| How do doors differ from panels? | Doors are hinged. |
| Most transparent structures on an aircraft, such as canopies, windshields, and windows are made of what two materials? | Transparent plastics or safety glass. |
| How do paint removes and stripping compounds affect the plastic facings of the radome? | It may adversely affect its electrical properties or strength. |
| How are fuselage station numbers measured? | In inches from the reference datum or zero point on or near the aircraft nose. |
| What are the three axes that an aircraft operates around? | Vertical, lateral, and longitudinal. |
| What are the lateral control surface of the aircraft | Ailerons, spoilers/speed brakes, and wing flaps. |
| What controls all directional movements of the aircraft? | Primary flight controls. |
| What primary flight control guides the aircraft about the vertical axis? | Rudder. |
| Which type of stabilator has both sides connected together so that when one side moves the other side must move in the same direction and amount? | Solid type. |
| What is an elevon? | It is a combination of an aileron and an elevator. |
| What are five types of wing flaps? | Plain, split, fowler, slatted, and leading edge slats or flaps. |
| What is the difference between leading-edge flaps and wing slats? | If the leading edge operates in conjunction with the trailing edge flaps, then you have leading-edge flaps. If they operate independently of the flaps, they are called slats. |
| What is the purpose of the speed brakes? | Increase drag to slow the aircraft and/or reduce landing distance. |
| List the three types of trim systems. | Roll, Pitch, and Yaw. |
| Which type of flight control system reduces the need for long cables, turnbuckles, quick disconnects, push-pull rods, and the associated flight control hardware? | Fly-by-wire. |
| What are the two major parts of the AFCS? | Stab aug system and the A/P system. |
| What system is used to make bomber aircraft stable for launching weapons? | Stab aug |
| What auto pilot system mode automatically maintains aircraft speed? | Mach hold. |
| Define electricity. | A class of physical phenomena arising from the existence and interactions of electric charges. |
| Of what particles are atoms composed? | Neutrons, protons, and electrons. |
| List four examples of insulators. | Glass, wood, rubber, and plastic |
| List four examples of conductors. | Gold, copper, platinum, and silver. |
| Where do you normally use semiconductors? | In solid state devices. |
| What is EMF? | Electromagnetic force: the electrical pressure that causes electrons to flow through the conductor. |
| Define electrical current. | The movement of electrons through a conductor. |
| What factors affect the amount of resistance in a conductor? | The type of material used, temperature, size. |
| What unit of measurement is used to express electrical power? | Watts. |
| What is a simple definition of magnetism? | The ability of a substance to attract. |
| How are artificial magnets classified? | Permanent or temporary. |
| What is permeability? | The ease of ability to conduct magnetic lines of force. |
| What is residual magnetism? | The amount of magnetism that remains in a temporary magnet. |
| How is magnetism induced in magnetic material? | Place in a magnetic field or bring it into contact with another magnet. |
| Can magnetic lines of force be insulated? | No. |
| What are the three most commonly used shapes of magnets? | Bar, ring, or horseshoe. |
| How can a magnet be weakened? | Heating or excessive jarring. |
| Define flux. | A term for magnetic lines of force. |
| How is electromagnetism developed? | By current of electricity. |
| When current flows through a conductor, does a magnetic field exist? | Yes. |
| What must you know to apply the "left hand rule"? | The direction of the current flow. |
| What rule do you use to determine the flux direction of a wire in a loop? | The left hand rule. |
| How can an electromagnet's field strength be increased? | By using a few terms of wire carrying a larger current or using many terms of wire carrying a small current. |
| What is the purpose of conductor? | Provide a path for electrons to flow with minimum resistance. |
| Why are protective devices installed in aircraft electrical systems? | Protect against system overloads and shorts in a circuit. |
| How much time must pass before resetting a trip-free type circuit breaker? | After a cooling-off period of approximately 1 minute. |
| What is the purpose of a current limiter? | Provide protection against fault currents. |
| What is the purpose of a resistor? | Control the amount of correct flow in a circuit. |
| Why is alternating current used as the primary electrical power source in aircraft? | Less power is lost during transmission and the elimination of insulation and brushes. |
| What is the unit of measurement for frequency? | Hertz. |
| Define phase relationship. | A condition in which two moving objects are changing in, or out of, step.. |
| What are the two classifications of AC generation systems? | Variable-frequency and constant-frequency. |
| What frequency is used for AC power generation on aircraft? | 400 Hz. |
| How is voltage induced in a brush-type generator? | DC from an integral exciter generator is passed through windings of the rotor. |
| What are the three generators that make up a brushless AC generator? | A permanent magnet generator, an AC exciter generator, and the main AC generator. |
| What weak point was eliminated by the design of a brushless-type generator? | Arcing (which more easily occurs in rarefied air). |
| What are the two main components of an AC generator? | Rotor assembly and stator. |
| What three components make up the stator? | PMG armature, exciter field, and main armature windings. |
| What are the two functions of the CSD governor system? | To control the drive output speed and equalize the load between generators operating in parallel. |
| If CSD output rotation drives the generator below 365 Hz, what component removes the generator from the bus? | Underspeed switch. |
| If the CSD temperature rises to an overheat condition, what should be done to prevent further damage? | Disconnect the CSD. |
| What is installed on most IDGs to provide for easier installation and removal? | A quick attach-detach clamp. |
| What are the typical functions of a GCU? | Voltage regulation, frequency, and load control, real and reactive load division, over/under protection. |
| How is voltage regulation and current limiting accomplished in the GCU? | By varying the generator excitation field. |
| How does the frequency and load controller for each generator system regulate the frequency of the generator CSD? | By controlling the magnetic trim head governor on the CSD. |
| What are the internal components of a battery? | Plates, separators, and electrolytes. |
| What are the primary causes of premature failure of a lead-acid battery? | Abuse, overcharge, low solution, undercharge, and mountings. |
| What is the fundamental unit of the nickel-cadmium battery? | The cell. |
| How are nickel-cadmium constructed? | By inserting positive and negative plates in plastic cases with nylon and cellophane separators. |
| When does nickel-cadmium battery's electrolyte reach its maximum level? | When the battery is fully charged. |
| How are motors classified? | By voltage, current used (AC or DC), and methods of motor excitation. |
| How can the direction of rotation for a series motor be changed? | By reusing the current flow in a field winding or reusing current flow in armature. |
| What advantage does the series motor have over other types of motors? | It operates on AC or DC excitation. |
| How is the field winding of a shunt motor connected with the armature? | In parallel. |
| What type of T-R is used to a nickel-cadmium battery in many aircraft? | Charging T-R. |
| What is another name for a T-R? | Converter. |
| Define matter. | Any substance that occupies space. |
| Since liquids and gases have many properties in common, how are they frequently classified? | As fluids. |
| All matter is made up of what? | Molecules. |
| Which matter has the property of resisting changes in shape when a force is applied? | Solids. |
| When sufficient force to a solid causes distortion, the solid is said to have exceeded what? | Its elastic limit. |
| Which factors affect the amount of expansion and contraction in a solid? | The amount of temperature change and the expansion characteristic of the solid. |
| What are the most outstanding characteristics of a solid? | The Its ability to conform to the shape of its containing vessel and that it has a face surface. |
| For a liquid to transmit a pushing force, what condition must exist first? | It must be completely enclosed in a container. |
| What would cause a cylinder of air to increase in pressure when placed in the sun? | The air (gas) expands as its temperature increases, and since it is confined by the cylinder, its pressure will increase. |
| What is one of the main differences in the characteristics of gases when compared to liquids? | Gases are compressible while liquids are not. |
| State the basic principle of Pascal's Law. | When a fluid is confined and force is applied, this force(pressure) is transmitted equally to all points in the system. |
| Under what conditions does Pascal's Law not apply to fluids? | When fluids are in motion. |
| State the basic principle of Boyle's Law. | If the pressure on a confined gas varies, its volume will vary inversely in the same proportion as long as the temperature does not change. |
| Using Charles's Law, explain the effect of heating a gas in a cylinder that has a movable piston. | Heating a confined gas will cause an expansion (volume increase) in direct proportion to its temperature change, thus causing the piston to move. |
| What is another name for the Boyle's-Charles law? | General gas law. |
| What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 60-pound force is used to raise a 240-pound weight? | 4:1 |
| What is the mechanical advantage ratio if a 3-pound force is used to raise 99 pounds? | 33:1 |
| A 150-pound weight is placed on a 10-square inch piston and is then lifted by a force applied to a 2-square-inch piston. What force is required on the small piston, and what is the mechanical advantage? | 30 pounds of force, 5:1 |
| A 20-pound force on a 3-square-inch piston can lift how much weight on a 12-square-inch piston? What is the mechanical advantage? | 80 pounds of force, 4:1 |
| What is the pressure on a surface 12 square inches in area and supporting a weight of 216 pounds. | 18 psi. |
| How far will an 8-square-inch piston move if a 2-square-inch piston moves 8 inches? | 2 inches. |
| What characteristic of a fluid determines its resistance to flow? | Viscosity. |
| What effect does an orifice have on fluid-flow when compared to a venturi? | An orifice will cause more turbulence and thus more energy loss than a venturi because it is not steamlined. |
| How can resistance to flow be reduced? | By streamlining the flow. |
| What pressure difference can be observed during fluid-flow through a venturi? | There is a pressure drop at the narrow opening (throat) of a venturi as the rate of flow of the fluid increases at this point. The pressure will increase again after passing through the throat. |
| How much fluid should a reservoir hold? |
Created by:
Roy_White820
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