Brady 10th Terms
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| A pathologic condition that results from the accumulation of acids in the body. | acidosis
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| Abnormal breath sounds such as wheezes, rhonchi, and rales. | adventitious breath sounds
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| The buildup of excess base (lack of acids) in the body fluids. | alkalosis
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| A substance that causes an allergic reaction. | allergen
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| An extreme, life-threatening systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure. | anaphylaxis (anaphylactic shock)
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| An acute spasm of the smaller air passages, called bronchioles, associated with excessive mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages. | asthma
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| Collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs. | atelectasis
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| Normal breath sounds made by air moving through the bronchi. | bronchial breath sounds
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| Inflammation of the bronchioles that usually occurs in children younger than 2 years and is often caused by the respiratory syncytial virus. | bronchiolitis
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| An acute or chronic inflammation of the lung that may damage lung tissue; usually associated with cough and production of sputum and, depending on its cause, sometimes fever. | bronchitis
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| A condition characterized by a chronically high blood level of carbon dioxide in which the respiratory center no longer responds to high blood levels of carbon dioxide. | carbon dioxide retention
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| An odorless, highly poisonous gas that results from incomplete oxidation of carbon in combustion. | carbon monoxide
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| Irritation of the major lung passageways from infectious disease or irritants such as smoke. | chronic bronchitis
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| A slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial obstruction. | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
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| A viral infection usually associated with swollen nasal mucous membranes and the production of fluid from the sinuses and nose. | common cold
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| An inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory system that may cause a partial airway obstruction and is characterized by a barking cough; usually seen in children. | croup
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| An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx. | diphtheria
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| Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing. | dyspnea
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| A blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage. | embolus
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| A disease of the lungs in which there is extreme dilation and eventual destruction of the pulmonary alveoli with poor exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide; it is one form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. | emphysema
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| Occurs when new cases of a disease occur in a human population and substantially exceed what is "expected," based on recent experience. | epidemic
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| A disease in which the epiglottis becomes inflamed and enlarged and may cause an upper airway obstruction. | epiglottitis
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| An allergic response usually to outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or sometimes indoor allergens such as dust mites or pet dander; also called allergic rhinitis. | hay fever
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| Rapid or deep breathing that lowers the blood carbon dioxide level below normal. | hyperventilation
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| This syndrome occurs in the absence of other physical problems. The respirations of a person who is experiencing hyperventilation syndrome may be as high as 40 shallow breaths/min or as low as only 20 very deep breaths/min. | hyperventilation syndrome (panic attack)
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| A dangerous condition in which the body tissues and cells do not have enough oxygen. | hypoxia
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| A "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen level in the blood. | hypoxic drive
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| A Virus that has crossed the animal/human barrier and has infected humans, recently reaching a pandemic level with the H1N1 strain. | influenza type
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| An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; can be highly contagious. | meningococcal meningitis
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| A miniature spray canister used to direct medications through the mouth and into the lungs. | metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
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| A bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; can be found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract. | methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
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| The process of delivering oxygen to the blood by diffusion from the alveoli following inhalation into the lungs. | oxygenation
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| An outbreak that occurs on a global scale. | pandemic
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| An airborne bacterial infection that affects mostly children younger than 6 years. Patients will be feverish and exhibit a "whoop" sound on inspiration after a coughing attack; highly contagious through droplet infection. | pertussis (whooping cough)
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| A collection of fluid between the lung and chest wall that may compress the lung. | pleural effusion
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| Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura. | pleuritic chest pain
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| An inflammation/infection of the lung from a bacterial, viral, or fungal cause. | pneumonia
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| Inflammation of the lung. | pneumonitis
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| A partial or complete accumulation of air in the pleural space. | pneumothorax
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| A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive heart failure. | pulmonary edema
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| A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow. | pulmonary embolism
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| A crackling, rattling breath sound that signals fluid in the air spaces of the lungs; also called crackles. | rales
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| The process of exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide. | respiration
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| A virus that causes an infection of the lungs and breathing passages; can lead to other serious illnesses that affect the lungs or heart, such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. RSV is highly contagious and spread through droplets. | respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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| Coarse, low-pitched breath sounds heard in patients with chronic mucus in the upper airways. | rhonchi
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| Potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flulike symptoms. | severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
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| A respiratory device that holds liquid medicine that is turned into a fine mist. The patient inhales the medication into the airways and lungs as a treatment for conditions like asthma. | small-volume nebulizer
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| A high-pitched noise heard primarily on inspiration. | stridor
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| A chronic bacterial disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that usually affects the lungs but can also affect other organs such as the brain and kidneys. | tuberculosis (TB)
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| Normal breath sounds made by air moving in and out of the alveoli. | vesicular breath sounds
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| The production of whistling sounds during expiration such as occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis. | wheezing
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