World Cultures 2
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| Sui Wendi | emperor of the Sui Dynasty who reunited the north and south
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| Tang Taizong | Took the throne after his dad. brilliant general, government reformer, historian and master of calligraphy. most admired emperor
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| Wu Zhao | empress who helped restore the Han system of uniform government throughout China. rebuilt bureacrucy
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| Li Bo | Greatest poet whoe spent most of his life moving from place to place
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| Kubla Khan | Genghiz grandson who toppled the Song emperor. tried to prevent the Mongols from being absorbed into the Chinese civilization
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| Marco Polo | Italian merchant who wrote about China, and Kubla Khan's royal palace. his books astonished many readers in Medieval Europe
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| Zheng He | Oversea adventurer who commanded 7 expeditions. Set up an engraved tablet listing the dates, places, and achievements of his voyages.
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| Shilla | Kingdom that united the Korean peninsula. ruled from 668-918. under this dynasty, Korea became a a tributary state.
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| Koryo | Dynasty that ruled from 918-1392. Buddhism reached its greatest influence on Korea during this Dynasty. the capital was built at Kaesong
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| Choson | Dynasty that ruled from 1392-1910. Was set up by Yin Song-gye
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| Yin Song-gye | Set up the Choson Dynasty. Reduced Buddhist influence and set up a government based upon Confucian principles
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| Sejong | Koreas most celebrated ruler. He decided to replace the complex Chinese system of writing.
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| Ring of Fire | The region that Japan lies in. The region is subject to many earthquakes and volcanoes.
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| Yamato Clan | came to dominate a corner of the largest Japanese island, Honshu. Heartland of of Japanese government.
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| Amaterasu | Sun goddesses that they claimed to have direct descent from.
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| Shinto | Worship of the forces of nature "the way of the gods" never really evolved into a international religion, but the traditions have still survived to present day
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| Shotoku | Prince of the Yamato clan who decided to learn about China directly. He sent young nobles to study in China
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| Sei Shonagon | a lady-in-wating to the empress who wrote the Pillow Book.
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| Murasaki Shikibu | Best-known Heian writer who wrote The Tale of Genji
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| Minamoto Yoritomo | A shogun who set up the Kamakura shogunate, the first of three military dynasties
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| Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Brillant general who had brought most of Japan under his control
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| Tokugawa Leyasu | Defeated his rivals to become master of Japan and three years later was named shogun. ruled Japan until 1868
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| Zen | Buddhist sect from China that emphasized meditation and devotion to duty
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| Alexius 1 | Byzantine emperor wgie requested help from the west to stop the Seljuk turks
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| Edward 1 | English monarch who established Model Parliament
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| Innocent 3 | Pope who ruled at church's height, claimed supremacy over all rulers
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| Isabella | Spanish monarch who initiated the Reconquista
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| Joan of Arc | 17 year old peasant woman who inspired French victory
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| Otto 1 | Crowned by the pope in 962, he established the Holy Roman Empire
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| Philip 2 Augustus | French monarch who regained much of lost territory through the war
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| Philip 4 | French king who established French parliament known as the Estates General
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| Saladin | Muslim general who recaptured the Crusader States
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| Thomas Becket | Archbishop of Canterbury who became a martyr
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| Urban 2 | Pope who initiated first crusade saying, "God wills it!"
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| William | King who established a census, blended Anglo-Saxon and French cultures
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| What was a main goal of KIng John in agreeing to sign the Magna Carta | To regain the allegiance of the rebel baron
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| What was not affirmed by the signing of the Magna Carta | The king had absolute power and was not subject to the law
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| The Domesday Book was established for what purpose | To build an efficient system of tax collection
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| The Concordat of Worms was | A treaty that ended that struggle between emperors and popes over lay investiture
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| What were the Hoy Roman emperors less effective than those in England of France in creating a strong Monarchy | They were more focused on capturing Italy so the nobles took more power
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| The Holy Roman Empire claimed authority over which parts of Europe | Most of the central and eastern Europe and parts of France and Italy
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| What was the chief goal of the Crusades | To fee the Holy Land
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| Why did Pope Innocent 3 launch the Albigensian Crusade | The Albigensians wanted to purify the Church
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| What is not one of the Crusader states established after the First Crusade | Cario
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| The medieval characteristics that made the Crusades possible included greed, piety, and pugnacity but didnt include | pride
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| The Reconquista refers to | the campaign to drive the Muslims out of Spain
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| A key feature of Gothic architecture is | flying buttresses
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| Romanesque architecture included thick walls, gloomy interiors, and towers, but didnt include | large windows
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| What created a need for education in Europe during the High Middle Ages | Rulers needed government officials who could read and write
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| What city was not home to an early European university | Milan
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| What subject was not included in the traditional liberal arts curriculum | algebra
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| How did medieval cathedrals help to educate people who could not read | the featured sculptures and stained glass that portrayed biblical stories
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| Which most accurately describes womens role in medieval society | women were not allowed to attend the universities
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| what describes the Church during the late middles ages | it grew weak and divided
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| what was not one of the Three Beasts of Worldliness that block Dantes path | The Snake of jealousy and Envy
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| The religious court whose job it was to find and try heretics was called the | inquistion
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| Two important pieces of literature from the High MIddle Ages include ___ by Dante Alighieri and ___ by Chaucer | The Divine Comedy and The Canterbury Tales
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| Both __, and English professor, and __ a reformer from Bohemia, were persecuted for their attacks on church corruption | John Wycliffe and Jan Hus
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| in the 1300's and the 1400's Gothic style was applied to _, the artistic decoration of books | Illumination
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| New military technology such as the __ used by the English and the __ used by the French helped bring an end to armored knights and castles | long bow and the cannon
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| Anna Comnena | Western world's first important female historian, wrote the Alexiad
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| Genghiz Khan | Chief who united the Mongols of central Asia, began extreme absolute power
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| Justinian | Eastern Roman emperor who sought to restore the glory of Rome
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| Michael Romanov | Czar whose 300 year long dynasty was ended by revolution in 1917
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| The Byzantine Empire preserved the cultural heritage of | Greece and Rome
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| What was true about the Byzantine economy | It was prosperous
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| What best explains why Constantinople was advantageously located | It was situated on a crossroads between Europe and Asia
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| Byzantine artists made a lasting impact in | religious art and architecture
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| What group finally conquered the Byzantine Empire | Ottoman Turks
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| Under the Ottomans, Constantinople became | a center of Muslim culture
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| Kiev was strongly influenced bu the culture of | the Byzantine empire
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| What provided a natural highway for Russians | the southern steppe
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| What kind of government did Russian rulers develop | autocracy
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| what city became the capital of Russia under the czars | Moscow
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| How did Mongol rule affect Russia's relations with Western Europe | It isolated russia from the west
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| Eastern Europe is a region of | diverse peoples and cultures
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| Jewish refugees fled to Western Europe because | Christian Europeans persecuted them
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| Poland was unlike Russian or Western Europe in | allowing nobles more power than the monarch
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| What Byzantine influences did Russian rulers not adopt | diet
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| Justinian's most significan accomplishments inclue building the __, or the Church of Holy Wisdom, and ____, a law code that had an impact far beyond the Byzantine Empire | Haiga Sophia and the Body of Civil Law
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| Two missionary brothers, _ and _, converted many of the Slavic groups to Byzantine Christianity | Cyril and Methodius
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| Because of the color of their tents, the Mongols looted, burned, and ruled Russia for 240 years which was known as the __ | Golden Horde
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| The vikings who settles among the Slavs in and around the Kiev were known as | Verangians
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| the _ were Russia's great landowning nobles | Boyars
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| Disputes of succession, peasant uprisings, and foreign invasions from 1604 to 1613 led to Russia's ____ | Time of Troubles
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| Much like the Magna Carta, the king of Hungary was forced to sign the ____, which severely limited royal power | Golden Bull of 1222
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| in the Polish _, the vote of a single noble was enough to block the passage of law, making it hard for the government to take decisive action | diet
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| Harun al-Rashid | Caliph whose reign is considered the golden age of Abbasid dynasty
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| Muhammad al-Razi | Muslim physician who advised treat the mind well as the body
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| Omar Khayyam | Scholar and astronomer who wrote the Rubaiyat
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| Saladin | Muslim general who ousted Christian from Jerusalem in 1187
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| Suleiman | Ottoman sultan known as the "Lawgiver" who ruled over empire's golden age
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| Before Muhammad became the prophet of Islam, he was a | merchant
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| Islam, in common with Christianity and Judaism, teaches | Charity the poor
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| The law code drawn up by Islamic scholars, based on the Quran is | The Shari'ah
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| How does Islam's law code differ from the law codes that evolved in the West | It doesnt separate religious matters from the criminal of civil law
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| What about women's status in the early years of Islam is true | Women were given spiritual equality with men
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| Which city didnt serve as a capital of the Islamic Empire | Barcelona
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| In what dynasty did caliphate succession become hereditary | Umayyad
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| Hw did the Abbasids make Islam a truly universal religion | they ended Arab dominance
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| Extensive trade in the Middle East included China, India, and the Byzantine Empire but didnt include | Africa
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| Which best describes Muslim trade | Extensive
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| Traditional Muslim art included | intricate floral patterns
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| What was not one of the new banking practices pioneered by Muslims | coins and paper money
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| A significant contribution of Islamic culture to Western Europe was | advancements in math and science
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| What did not contribute to Muslim success in India | Upper class Hindus converted to Islam in larger numbers
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| What was not among the changes Muslim rule had on India | trade declined between India and the Muslim world
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| How did Akbar the Great win the support of his Hindu subjects | he practiced a policy of toleration
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| What was not one of the social classes established to bring order to Ottoman society | Men of the Land
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| The Ottoman's and Safavids built powerful, prosperous empires by | Using new weapons such as the musket and cannon
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| Why was the Ottoman Empire outpaced by European powers | the Ottomans remained dependent on agriculture
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| _ was a form of Islamic religious belief that focused on a close personal relationship between Allah and human beings | Sufism
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| The _ is a collection of Mohammed's early sayings | Quran
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| Islam considers Muhammad, like Jesus and Moses, to be a _ | Prophet
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| The _, who believe Islamic leaders should be followers of Muhammad's example but not a religious authority, are a majority in the Muslim world | Sunni
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| The library in Baghdad where Muslims collected the works of Greek scholars is known as the | House Of Wisdom
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| Because they share a monotheistic belief in the same God, Muslims refer to Jews and Christians as | People of the Book
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| The first year of the Islamic calendar begins with the _, which marks the journey of Mohammed and his followers from Mecca to _ | Hijra, Medina
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| many in the Islamic community known as the _ see _, or struggle in God's service, as an important day | Uma, Jihad
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| Cecil Rhodes | British businessman who "discovered" present day Zimbabwe
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| Ibn Battuta | One of the most widely traveled and entertaining Muslim writers
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| Lalibela | Ethiopian ruler who had churches carved into the mountains
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| Mansa Musa | Mali emperor who converted to Islam and completed the Hajj
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| Africa's trade was spurred by its mineral resources, which included iron, copper, and diamonds, but didnt include | silver
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| Which kingdom was called the "land of gold" | Ghana
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| Gold was plentiful in Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal, but not in | Benin
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| What West African cities was a center of learning for Muslims | Timbuktu
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| Axum prospered partly because it has a port of the | Red Sea
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| King Ezana of Axum strengthened ties with the Mediterranean world by | converting to Christianity
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| Monsoon winds aided trade between East Africa and | India
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| What kingdom were churches carved into mountains | Ethiopia
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| How did religion play a role in the decline of Axum | Religion isolated people of Axum from many of their former trading partners
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| what was not one of the East Africa trading city | Madagascar
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| By the mid-12th century, Axum became present day | Ethiopia
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| Besides controlling trade, Zimbabwe was center for | manufacturing
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| When Europeans first discovered Great Zimbabwe, they thought it was the work of the ancient | Phoenicians
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| Which practice represents adaptation to the environment | using slash-and-burn agriculture
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| what statement describes a matrilineal culture | Inheritance was traced through the mother's side
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| Art in Africa was closely tied to | religion
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| how did small clans in the African desert make a living | they gathered roots and herbs and hunted small animals
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| How were the beliefs of many village Africans similar to the beliefs of Hindus | they worshipped many gods
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| What statement is true about African art | African artists made statues and masks for religious ceremonies
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| the elders played a vital role in many African villages by | making most of the major decisions
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| What african society didnt leave behind any written records | Sofala
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| What do African's oral literature, religion, and art have in common | Encouraged a sense of community and common values
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| _ is a language that resulted from the introduction of the Hebrew religion to Axum | Geez
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| Primarily through marriage and trade, _ grew out of the blending of East African and Muslim cultures | Swahili
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| Migration led to the spread of the root language _ through the west and south africa | Bantu
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| The process of _ continues today, drying out thousands of acres of the Sahara every year | desertification
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| The _ is Africa's most populated climate zone | Savanna
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| Many families belonged to a _, or group of households who claimed a common ancestor | Lineage
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| Many African societies were _, meaning that descent was traces through the mother | matrilineal
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| A sense of community and common values was fostered in part by the ancient stories recited by a | griot
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| Africa has 5 distinct climate zones: _, _, _, _, _ | Desert, Dry woodlands, Rain forest, Savanna, Mediterranean
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| Although African music varied from one society to another, a common feature was the used of the | drums
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| Children's responsibilities were often assigned based on their __ | age groups
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| Under both the Tang and Song dynasties economy, foreign trade, and art and literature flourished but ___ did not | military strength
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| Mongol rule in China was a time of | Peace and order
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| Because of Korea's geography, most people met their need for food by | fishing
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| which of the following cultures had the greater influence on Korea | Chinese
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| What influence did Japan adopt from China | Pagoda architecture
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| Two religions that greatly influenced Korean cultures were | Buddhism and Confucianism
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| Heian women influences Japanese culture by | Producing important works of literature
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| Which statement reflects a Confucian value that influences both the tang and Song dynasties | Merchants had lower social status than peasants
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| At its greatest extent in 1294, the Mongol empire stretched from | Easter Europe to Korea
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| How was the subordinate position of women reinforced during the late Song dynasty | Women were introduced to the custom of footbinding
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| The Mongol conquest of China resulted in | Increased contact between China and the western world
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| How did Korean women lose many of their rights during the Silla dynasty | Koreans adopted Confucian ideas
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| The Tokugawa shoguns created an orderly society by | imposing central government on all of Japan
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| Unlike China, Korea had only 3 dynasties, which included Choson, Koryo, and Shilla, but did not include __ | Paekche
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| The early Japanese were prevented from uniting because of | Japan's mountainous terrain
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| What is true about the Ming dynasty | in 1433, the Ming cut off China from the rest of the world
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| Who held the real power in Japan feudal society | the shogun
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| Similar to chivalry, _ is the samurai code of values that emphasized honor and bravery ad loyalty | Bushido
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| _ were warrior lords directly below the shogun in feudal Japan | Daiymo
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| Although they remained independent, Vietnam, Tibet, and Kreoa were forced to acknowledge Chinese supremacy during the Tang dynasty and became ___ | Tributary states
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| _ was a Japanese writing system that used phonetic symbols to represent syllables | Kana
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| Korean experts developed _, and alphabet that used symbols to represent sounds of spoken Korean | Hangul
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| "The way of the gods," of _ was a local Japanese religion that worshipped forces of nature | Shinto
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| __ __, a writer in the Heian court, wrote __ __ __ __, the world's first full-length novel | Lady Murasaki, The Tale of Genji
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| The __ __ is the waterway that connects the Yangzi and Huang He rivers | Grand Canal
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| __, the Buddhist sect that emphasized meditation and devotion to duty, gained widespread acceptance among Japan's samurai class | Zen
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| Japanese theater included __ plays that were produced in Japan in the 1300's, a less refined form of drama known as a __, and puppet plays that catered to the middle class known as __ | No, Kabuki, Buhraku
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| Koreans perfected the techniques of making __, porcelain with a blue-green glaze | Celdon
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| Japan's four main islands, __, __, __, __, form a chain of islands known as an __ | Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kynusu
Archpelago
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| Japan in one of the several countries in a Pacific region known as the __ __ __, which is subject to earthquakes, volcanoes, and underwater earthquakes called __ | Ring of Fire
Tsunamis
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