Endocrine system
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| Hormones | Chemical messengers of the body made primarily from proteins and steroids
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| Pituitary gland | Small gland beneath the hypothalamus made up of two lobes also known as the "master gland"
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| Anterior pituitary | Produces growth hormone, thyroid stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, prolactin, follicle-stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone
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| Growth hormone | Controls growth of bone and soft tissue, increases glycogen synthesis and fat metabolism in the body
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| Thyroid-stimulating hormone | Stimulates thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormone for regulation of metabolism
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| Adrenocorticotropic hormone | Stimulates growth and development of adrenal cortex, stimulates adrenal cortex to produce steroid hormones
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| Prolactin | Stimulates milk production, promotes breast development durring pregnancy
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| Follicle-stimulating hormone | Stimulates development of follicles in females and sperm in males
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| Luteinizing hormone | Acts with follicle-stimulating hormone to develop folicles and promote ovulation in females and stimulate secretion of testosterone from the testes in males
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| Posterior pituitary | Produces antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin
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| Antidiuretic hormone | Increases water reabsorption in the kidneys, also called vasopressin
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| Oxytocin | Stimulates contraction of uterus in childbirth and milk let-down from mammary glands in the breast
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| Thyroid gland | Bow-tie shaped gland in neck just below larynx
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| Thyroxine | Increases metabolic rate and regulates rate of growth aided by triiodothyronine
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| Calcitonin | Lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting release from bone tissue
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| Parathyroid glands | 4-5 tiny glands embedded in the posterior of the thyroid
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| Parathyroid hormone | Promotes calcium mobilization from bone tissue and calcium absorption from the intestines
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| Pancreas | Long gland inferior to the stomach, contains alpha, beta and delta pancreatic islet cells
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| Pancreatic islet cells | Islets of Langerhans
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| Islets of Langerhans | Cell clusters in the pancreas that form the endocrine part of that organ; secrete insulin and other hormones
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| Insulin | Hormone that lowers blood sugar levels by promoting glucose uptake by cells
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| Glucagon | Hormone that increases blood sugar levels by various means
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| Adrenal glands | Pyramid-shaped glands located above the kidneys, divided into cortex and medulla
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| Suprarenal glands | Adrenal glands
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| Adrenal cortex | Produces cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones
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| Cortisol | Released in response to stress, increases blood sugar, fatty acid immobilization, and immunosuppression
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| Aldosterone | Helps regulate blood pressure by promoting sodium uptake and potassium secretion by the kidneys
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| Sex hormones | Regulates sexual development and drive
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| Testosterone | Regulates production of sperm cells, development of penis and accessory glands and causes development of male secondary characteristics ex. deeper voice
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| Estrogen | Regulates menstrual changes and sex drive, responsible for development of secondary sexual organs, ex. mammary glands), and secondary sexual characteristics, ex. breast growth
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| Progesterone | Develops uterus in preperation for egg implantation, prevents spontanious abortion by preserving lining of uterus
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| Adrenal medulla | Produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
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| Epinephrine | Produces sympathetic response
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| Norepinephrine | Produces sympathetic response slightly less intense then epinephrine
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| Gonads | Glands that produce gametes and sex hormones
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| Gametes | Sex cells
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| Testes | Male gonads, produces testosterone
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| Ovaries | Female gonads, produce extrogen and progesterone
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| Thymus | Organ found in mediastinum above heart that produces t-cells
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| T-cells | Specialized lymphocytes used in immunity
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| Thymosin | Stimulates t-cells that have already been produced
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| Pineal gland | Small gland found in midbrain
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| Melatonin | Regulates sleep-wake cycles
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| Kidneys | Filters blood and produces urine and hormones
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| Renin | Stimulates increased water retention thus increasing blood pressure
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| Erythropoietin | Stimulates production of red blood cells by red bone marrow
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| Placenta | Organ responsible for regulating gas, nutrient, waste, and hormonal exchange between mother and fetus durring pregnancy
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| Human chorionic gonadotropin | Stimulates action of luteinizing hormone, growth hormone, and prolactin
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| Stomach | Major organ of digestive system, secretes hormones that stimulate gallbladder and pancreas promoting digestion and informing the brain when you have had enough
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