Cranial Nrvs
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| show | medulla and meninges, spinal accessory nerve, vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries
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| Name the structures that exit through or enter the jugular foramen. | show 🗑
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| show | CN VII and VIII
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| show | V3 of trigeminal nerve
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| show | internal cartoid arteries
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| show | V2 of trigeminal nerve
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| show | CN III, IV, VI and V1 of trigeminal nerve
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| show | cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone
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| show | superior rectus
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| What muscle is most responsible for depressing the globe while it is abducted? | show 🗑
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| Name the extraocular muscles that cause intorsion. | show 🗑
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| show | inferior rectus and inferior oblique
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| What extraocular muscle is most efficient as a depressor when the eye is adducted? | show 🗑
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| show | inferior oblique
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| Which of the inferior named extraocular muscles is most inferior? | show 🗑
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| show | inferior rectus in the R eye and superior oblique in the L eye
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| show | intorsion
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| What will the globe do if the IO muscle is activated while a patient's eye is abducted? | show 🗑
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| show | abduction
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| If a pt presented with a lesion of the right 6th CN, what problem might she have? | show 🗑
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| If a pt presented with a lesion of the right 6th CN and its nucleus, what problem might he have? | show 🗑
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| show | R eye elevated and extorted
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| Identify the muscle producing: pure vertical up movement of the eye when it is positioned 51 deg toward the nose (adducted). | show 🗑
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| Identify the muscle producing: pure down movement of the eye when it is rotated 23 deg outward. | show 🗑
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| show | superior oblique
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| Besides the EOM, what else do the motor fibers of CN III directly innervate? | show 🗑
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| show | presbyopia
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| If while testing a pt's ability to accomodate, you notice the globes do not converge, what is a probable diagnosis you might be thinking about? | show 🗑
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| show | CN III/nucleus damage
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| show | the affected eye will be abducted, depressed and slightly intorted
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| Describe the manifestations of Horner's syndrome. | show 🗑
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| What might an astute triage nurse be looking for if she suspects the pt has a R sided CN III parasympathetic nerve problem? | show 🗑
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| show | Spotting a bird across the street - relaxed ciliary muscles mean flattened lens, which is best for distance sight
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| show | Nerve itself; one nucleus complex feeds parasympathetics to both sides and their close proximity makes it hard to obliterate just one
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| Define strabismus. | show 🗑
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| show | MLF
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| show | trochlear nerve
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| Which nerve is the only one to exit the brainstem dorsally and decussate before reaching its target muscle? | show 🗑
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| show | normally
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| show | extorted and elevated, causing diplopia
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| A pt with left CN IV damage presents to your office holding her head in a tilted position to ameliorate her diplopia. How is her head positioned? | show 🗑
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| Monocular diplopia is due to... | show 🗑
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| show | a neurologic issue
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| show | Both eyes roll to the left = intorted R eye and extorted L eye
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| show | inward maintenance of eye is due to LR paralysis
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| What is the L abducens nucleus responsible for innervating? | show 🗑
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| What sx are typical of "1-and-a-half syndrome?" | show 🗑
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| show | multiple sclerosis (MS)
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| Name the tract that allows the R abducens nucleus to control both the R LR muscle and the L MR muscle. | show 🗑
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| Explain the mechanism behind internuclear ophthalmoplegia. | show 🗑
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| show | salivatory, nucleus solitarius and facial motor nucleus
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| show | the eye would be deviated medially
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| What is the purpose of the paramedial pontine reticular formation (PPRF)? | show 🗑
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| Where is the PPRF located in a braintem cross-section? | show 🗑
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| Which Brodmann's area includes the frontal eye fields (FEF)? | show 🗑
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| show | rapid movement of eye under conscious control to allow abrupt change of point of fixation
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| What Brodmann's areas include the extrastriate visual cortex? | show 🗑
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| show | ipsi superior colliculus, ipsi frontal eye fields and contra PPRF
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| show | through the posterior commissure
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| True/False: One test for an intact lateral geniculate nucleus with fully functioning synapses is the swinging light test. | show 🗑
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| show | brachium of the superior colliculus
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| What functions comprise the "near triad?" | show 🗑
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| show | syphilis
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| show | syphilis likely selectively attacks the fibers that enter the E-W nucleus ventromedially; these fibers are only responsible for destroying light reflex fibers. Near triad fibers are ventrolateral and thus spared.
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| Argyll-Robertson pupil | show 🗑
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| Explain the path of neuronal activity needed to elicit mydriasis. | show 🗑
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| show | obliteration of sympathetic fibers feeding the affected side's eye - Horner's syndrome sx
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| True/False: Both autonomic nerves affecting pupillary size make synaptic connections in the ciliary ganglion. | show 🗑
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| Eye exam findings: direct light into the R eye shows sluggish pupillary response, direct light into the L causes a brisk constriction of the R pupil. IMMEDIATELY after, direct light in the R pupil shows no constriction, but a steady dilation. Condition? | show 🗑
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| show | motor is always medial
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| What structure from the medulla merges with the dorsal horn of the spinal cord? | show 🗑
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| show | CN V, VII, IX and X
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| show | EOMs have sensory receptors that originate in mes. nucleus of trigeminal that relay to CN III, IV and VI to control eye movements
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| show | mesencephalic nucleus of CN V
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| What is the innervation of the muscle that attaches to the malleus? | show 🗑
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| show | corneal reflex, chief sensory nucleus of trigeminal and its peripheral afferent through V1
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| show | the jaw will be towards the L; the L. lateral pterygoid moves the jaw to the R. Therefore, the strong R. lateral pterygoid will move jaw to same side as lesion
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| If the nerve going to ocular muscles on the R is severed and a physician takes a wisp of cotton to touch the R cornea, what should she see the pt do? | show 🗑
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| What CN must be intact in order to send signals to the brain that one has just inhaled ammonia? | show 🗑
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| show | Bell's palsy
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| show | dorsal - lower face
ventral - upper face
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| One or both of these CNs could be involved in hyperacusis. | show 🗑
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| The ventral portion of the facial motor nucleus receives (unilateral/bilateral) innervation from the motor cortex. | show 🗑
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| How might one tell the difference btwn Bell's palsy or an acute ischemic stroke of the cerebral motor hemicortex? | show 🗑
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| What is the name for palpebral fissure diminishment? | show 🗑
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| show | CONTRALATERAL(?) hyperacusis
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| show | lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands
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| show | dry eye on the same side as the lesion
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| show | CN IX, X, XI (bulbar), and XII
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| Where do fibers innervating the parotid gland originate (what nucleus)? | show 🗑
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| show | to the unaffected side
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| show | Nothing necessarily, although CN IX brings info from carotid sinus, unilateral 9th nerve deficits should not make a detectable deficit in BP
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| show | the portion of the nucleus solitarius receiving afferents via CNs VII and IX
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| show | R cerebral cortex, L hypoglossal nucleus and L CN XII are all intact
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| What section of the brainstem is the hypoglossal nucleus within? | show 🗑
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| What nerve rootlets supply the SCM and trapezius? | show 🗑
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| What CN nucleus must be intact to elecit a negative chronotropic effect on the heart? | show 🗑
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| Which CN provides the most extensive sensory supply to the pharynx? | show 🗑
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| Which CN(s) innervate the pharyngeal constrictors? | show 🗑
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| show | any interruption of CN X innervating laryngeal muscles
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| show | bulbar portion of CN XI
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| show | false
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| Trace the pathway for saccadic eye movements beginning with the retina. | show 🗑
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| Input from what 2 structures is needed for initiation and accurate targeting of saccadic eye movements? | show 🗑
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| show | visual cortex and extrastriate visual cortex (Brodmann 18-19)
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sirprakes
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