Circulatory Disorders
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| congestion, a condition which refers to excess blood in a body part | hyperemia
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| excess blood in a body part which was actively taken there by the arterial system in the body | active hyperemia
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| if active hyperemia results from a normal, everyday, healthy bodily function it is known as | active physiological hyperemia
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| if the active hyperemia is the result of some disease process it is known as | active pathological hyperemia
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| occurs when venous drainage from an area is decreased. this is always pathological and may be expressed as localized or general | passive hyperemia
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| hyperemia often caused by: formation of a blood clot in a vein, thickening of vessel walls, or pressure from an outside lesion | localized passive hyperemia
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| hyperemia which is normally the result of a heart disorder which affects the efficiency of the heart's pumping action-hypostatic congestion | generalized passive hyperemia
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| generalized passive hyperemia occurring in the systemic system, resulting in diminished flow of blood through the pulmonary system-blue discoloration "blue babies" | cyanosis
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| refers to the formation of a solid mass (blood clot) within the heart or vessels of the body | thrombosis
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| the solid blood clot mass itself | thrombus
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| refers to the condition of an object having floated through the bloodstream and causing an obstruction of a vessel | embolism
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| refers to decreased blood flow to a body part, and thus decreased oxygen and nutrients | ischemia
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| a result of ischemia, the area of tissue that was deprived of its blood supply dies | infarction
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| a thrombus which is partially blocking the artery, leads to ischemia | parietal thrombus
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| a thrombus which completely blocks the blood flow at the clot itself | obstructive thrombus
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| the escape of blood from the vascular system system, sometimes due to a break in the walls of the vessel | hemorrhage
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| another name for ischemic necrosis | dry gangrene
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| pin-point hemorrhages | petechiae
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| larger irregular patches of hemorrhage in the tissues | ecchymosis
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| widespread areas of hemorrhage into the skin or mucous membranes | purpura
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| tumor-like swelling filled with blood, common blood blister, for example | hematoma
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| very dark, tarry feces or vomit | melena
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| bleeding into the pleural cavity | hemothorax
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| bleeding into the pericardial cavity | hemapericardium
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| bleeding into the peritoneal cavity | hemoperitoneum
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| blood in the sputum (or from the lungs) | hemoptysis
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| blood in the vomit (or from the stomach) | hematemesis
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| bleeding from the nose | epistaxis
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| the process of blood changing from a liquid, free-flowing form into a semisolid state | coagulation
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| a term used to describe the condition which results from a serious reduction of blood flow in the body, resulting in reduced oxygen supply to the tissues | circulatory shock
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| a mild form of shock due to temporary decrease of blood flow to the brain, fainting | syncope
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| shock originating in the nervous system | neurogenic shock
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| shock originating in the cardiovascular system, the heart isn't pumping enouch | cardiogenic shock
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| shock caused by major blood loss in a short amount of time | hypovolemic shock
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| shock caused by bacterial infection of the red blood cells | septic shock
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| refers to an excess accumulation of fluid in the tissues of the body, an extravascular condition | edema
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| when edema retains the impression of a fingerprint impressed upon it, it is referred to as | pitting edema
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| the name given to generalized/widespread edema | anasarca
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| edema which collects around an inflammation site | exudate
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| edema of the pleural cavity | hydrothorax
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| edema of the pericardial sac that surrounds the heart | hydropericardium
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| edema of the peritoneal cavity (abdominal cavity) | ascites
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| also known as desiccation, defined as a decrease in total body fluids | dehydration
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| edema of the scrotum | hydrocele
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| a potentially life threatening accumulation of fluid in the lungs, the fluid may inhibit the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide | pulmonary edema
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| presence of blood in the urine | hematuria
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| massive bleeding from anywhere in the body | exsanguination
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