Medical Terminology Chapter 5
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on it to display the answer.
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| Superficial | Toward the surface of the body.
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| Deep | Away from the surface of the body.
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| Abduction | Movement away from the median plane of the body or one of its parts.
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| Adduction | Movement toward the median plane of the body
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| Medial | Pertaining to the midline of the body or structure
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| Lateral | Pertaining to a side.
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| Superior (Cephalad) | Toward the head or upper portion of a structure.
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| Inferior (Caudal) | Away from the head, or toward the tail or lower part of a structure.
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| Proximal | Near the attachment of an extremity to the trunk or a structure
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| Distal | Away from the attachment of an extremity tothe trunk or a structure
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| Anterior (Ventral) | Near the front of the body
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| Posterior (Dorsal) | Near the back of the body
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| Parietal | Pertaining to the outer wall of the body cavity
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| Visceral | Pertaining to an organ
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| Prone | Lying horizontal with the face downward or denoting the hand with palms turned downward
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| Supine | Lying on the back with the face upward or denoting the position of the hand or foot with the palm or foot facing upward.
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| Inversion | Turning inward or inside out
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| Eversion | Turning outward
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| Palmar | Pertaining to the palm of the hand
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| Plantar | Pertaining to the sole of the foot
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| cyt/o | Cell
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| hist/o | tissue
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| nucle/o | nucleus
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| anter/o | anterior, front
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| caud/o | tail
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| dist/o | tail
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| dors/o | back (of body)
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| infer/o | lower, below
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| later/o | side, to one side
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| medi/o | middle
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| poster/o | back (of body), behind, posterior
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| proxim/o | near, nearest
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| ventr/o | belly, belly-side
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| abdomin/o | abdomen
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| acr/o | extremity
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| inguin/o | groin
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| lumb/o | loin
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| omphal/o | navel(umbilicus)
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| pelv/i | pelvis
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| pelv/o | pelvis
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| albin/o | white
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| leuc/o | white
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| leuk/o | white
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| anthrac/o | black, coal
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| cirrh/o | yellow
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| jaund/o | yellow
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| xanth/o | yellow
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| cyan/o | blue
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| erythem/o | red
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| erythr/o | red
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| rube/o | red
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| melan/o | black
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| poli/o | gray
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| fasci/o | band
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| home/o | same, alike
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| idi/o | unknown, peculiar
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| path/o | disease
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| radi/o | radiation,x-ray
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| somat/o | body
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| viscer/o | internal organs, viscera
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| xen/o | foreign,strange
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| xer/o | dry
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| -genesis | forming, producing, origin
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| -gnosis | knowing
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| -gram | record, a writing
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| -graph | instrument for recording
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -pathy | disease
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| ab- | from, away from
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| ad- | toward
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| allo- | other, differing from the usual
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| infra- | below, under
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| peri- | around
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| super- | upper, above
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| trans- | across, through
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| ultra- | excess, beyond
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| ablation | removal of a part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, or radiofrequency (RF)
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| adhesion | a uniting or holding together of two surfaces or parts, as in wound healing.
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| dehiscence | the bursting open of a wound, especially a surgical abdominal wound.
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| nuclear medicine | the branch of medicine involved with the use of radioactive substances for diagnosis, therapy and research.
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| polyp | a tumor with a pedicle, commonly found in vascular organs such as the nose, uterus, and rectum.
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| radiopharmaceutical | radioactive chemicals used in testing the location, size, outline, or function of tissues, organs, vessels, or body fluids.
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| sepsis | pathological state, usually febrile, resulting from the presence of microorganisms or their products in the bloodstream.
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| suppurative | producing or associated with generation of pus.
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| digital radiography (computerized radiography) | radiographic imaging procedure using a computer screen instead of conventional x-ray film.
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| fluoroscopy | a technique that uses an x-ray to project an image onto a television monitor; this provides live images and allows the observer to study the function of the organ as well as its structures.
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| magnetic resonance angiography | an imaging technique that uses a magnetic filed to visualize vascular structures.
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| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | a noninvasive imaging technique that uses a magnetic field rather than an x-ray beam to produce an image, especially of the brain, spine, joints, and internal organs, which are usually poorly seen on conventional radiographs and CT scans.
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| positron emission tomography (PET) scan | a cross-sectional transverse plane that identifies metabolic and psychological function in tissues.
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| sonography | a technique that uses high-frequency sound saves to produce an image; used to display various body parts, including breast, major veins and arteries (doppler), kidney, spleen, and eye, and is a valuable diagnostic tool for prenatal evaluation of the fetus
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| stereoradiography | the process of taking x-rays from two slightly different angles so that when they are viewed through a stereoscope the structure has the appearance of solidity and relief as though seen in three dimensions.
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| anastomosis | the joining together of two ducts or blood vessels to allow flow from one to the other; bypass
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| biopsy | the obtaining of a representative tissue sample for microscopic examination usually to establish a diagnosis.
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| needle | the removal of tissue by use of a needle, usually attached to a syringe.
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| punch | removal of a small bit of tissue by use of a hollow punch.
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| cauterize | to destroy tissue by electricity, freezing, heat, or corrosive chemicals
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| curettage | scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette.
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| ligation | the process of binding or tying using a band, bandage, thread or wire.
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| resection | partial excision of a bone, organ, or some other structure.
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| radical dissection | the surgical removal of tissue in an extensive area surrounding the surgical site, in an attempt to excise all tissue that may possibly be malignant to decrease the chance of recurrence.
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| AP | anteriorposterior
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| CNS | central nervous system
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| CT scan, CAT scan | computed tomography scan, computed axial tomography scan
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| CV | cardiovascular
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| Dx | diagnosis
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| GI | gastrointestinal
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| GU | Genitourinary
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| I&D | incision and drainage
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| LAT, lat | lateral
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| LLQ | left lower quadrant
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| LUQ | left upper quadrant
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| MRI | magnetic resonance imaging
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| MS | musculoskeletal
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| PA | posterioranterior
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| RLQ | right lower quadrant
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| ROM | range of motion
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| RUQ | right upper quadrant
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| sono | sonogram, sonography
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| U&L, U/L | upper and lower
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