Digestive Review AP2
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| Functions of Digestive Sys | Digests food and absorbs products
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| 6 activities of system | Ingestion, mechanical digestion, propulsion, chemical digestion, absorption, defecation
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| 2 types of movement and definitions | peristalsis (pushes food) and segmentation (alternating bands of contraction that MIX food)
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| Functions of salivary glands | cleanse the mouth, moisten/dissolve food, aid in formation of bolus, start chem digestion
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| Number of teeth (deciduous and perm) | 20 and 32
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| 3 types of salivary glands | parotid, sublignual, submandibular
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| layers of muscle in stomach | longitudinal, circular, oblique
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| Types of secretory cells in stomach | mucous, parietal, chief
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| Function of mucous cells | secrete mucus
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| function of parietal cells | secrete HCl and intrinsic factor (necessary to absorb B12)
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| function of chief cells | secretes pepsinogen
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| Phases of gastric secretion | cephalic, gastric, intestinal
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| Cephalic Phase (excitatory/inhibitory events) | excit: sight/thought of food stimulates smell and taste receptors inhib: loss of appetitie, depression, decrease in PNS
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| Purpose of cephalic phase | prepare stomach for digestion
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| Gastric Phase (excitatory/inhibitory events) | excit: stretching stomach, activate chemoreceptors (inc pH, peptides) inhib: pH<2 or emotional upset that overrides PNS
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| Chemicals released during Gastric Phase | Gastrin (from parietal cells), ACh (for production of more gastric juice), Histamine
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| Intestinal Phase (excitatory/inhibitory events) | excit: low pH inhib: fatty, acidic, hypertonic chyme and stretching
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| Define Plicae Circularis | circular folds that move food through sm. intesting in a corkscrew manner with villi
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| Function of segmentation | brings food in to contact with wall of small intestine
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| Function of villi | increase surface area of capillary beds
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| Function of Lg. intestine | absorb H20 and water-soluble vitamins -NOT vital for life
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| Define teniae coli | bands of longitudinal muscle
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| Define Vermiform appendix | structure off of cecum with a small immune role
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| Order of Chemical digestion for Carbs | Startsin mouth with salivary amylase, moves to stomach where amylase deactivates, moves to pancreatic amylase, transported into cap bed of sm. intestine, then to liver via hepatic portal system
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| Pepsin | cleaves bonds of amino acids and digests proteins in stomach
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| 3 substances produced by sm. int for protein digestion | Trypsin, Chymotripsin, Carboxypeptidase (splits at carboxy end)
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