Digestive System
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show | digestive system
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show | accessory digestive organs
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show | ingestion
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moving of food through gut | show 🗑
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show | swallowing & peristalsis
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alternate waves of contraction & relaxation | show 🗑
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show | mechanical digestion
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more/less stationary alternate contractions & relaxations | show 🗑
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in peristalsis, adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs | show 🗑
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in segmentation, nonadjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax | show 🗑
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food mixing & slow food propulsion occurs | show 🗑
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complex food molecules are broken down into simpler ones by enzymes | show 🗑
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show | absorption
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elimination of indigestible substances from body as feces | show 🗑
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serous membrane of abdominal cavity | show 🗑
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show | visceral peritoneum
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lines the body wall | show 🗑
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located btwn two peritoneums; fluid lubricates mobile organs | show 🗑
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double layer of peritoneum | show 🗑
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show | blood vessels, lymphatics, & nerves
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functions of the mesentery include | show 🗑
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show | retroperitoneal organs
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show | intraperitoneal organs
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show | mucosa
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connective tissue layer of alimentary canal | show 🗑
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inner circular, outer longitudinal muscle layers of alimentary canal | show 🗑
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show | serosa
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show | abdominal aorta
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drains nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs & delivers it to liver first | show 🗑
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alimentary canal has its own __ __ neurons | show 🗑
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in alimentary canal, this regulates glands & smooth muscle in mucosa | show 🗑
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show | myenteric nerve plexus
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show | extrinsic control
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show | sympathetic nerves
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show | parasympathetic nerves
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oral/buccal cavity is lined with | show 🗑
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show | vestibule
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show | oral cavity proper
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area of median attachment of each lip to gums | show 🗑
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show | hard palate
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show | soft palate
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closes off nasopharynx during swallowing | show 🗑
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show | projects downward
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show | functions of tongue
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show | tongue
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show | lingual frenulum
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show | papillae
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show | filiform papillae
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reddish, scattered over tongue surface | show 🗑
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show | circumvallate/vallate
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papillae that are associated w/taste buds | show 🗑
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show | splanchnic circulation
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gland located anterior to ear | show 🗑
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open into vestibule next to 2nd upper molar | show 🗑
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show | submandibular gland
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show | on each side of lingual frenulum
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gland located under tongue | show 🗑
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show | into floor of mouth
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show | saliva
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part of saliva that protects against bacteria | show 🗑
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continuously keep mouth moist | show 🗑
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show | extrinsic
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produce secretions when ingested food increases salivation | show 🗑
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show | salivation causing dry mouth
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20 primary teeth are called | show 🗑
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show | 6-24 month of age
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show | 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars
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show | 6–12 years of age
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there are 32 __ teeth | show 🗑
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show | 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
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oropharynx & laryngopharynx make up | show 🗑
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show | allow passage of food & air
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show | stratified squamous epithelium lining
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show | skeletal
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muscular wall of oropharynx & laryngopharynx serves to | show 🗑
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is 10-inch muscular tube extends from pharynx to stomach | show 🗑
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show | esophageal hiatus
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lined by stratified squamous epithelium | show 🗑
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glands in submucosa of esophagus, secrete mucus that | show 🗑
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show | muscularis layer of esophagus
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show | adventitia
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ingestion of food; mechanical digestion; chemical digestion; propulsion are all | show 🗑
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show | mechanical
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show | chemical digestion in mouth
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propulsion in mouth/swallowing is called | show 🗑
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show | buccal phase
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involuntary contraction of tongue; 2nd phase of deglutition | show 🗑
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show | cardiac orifice
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dome-shaped region of stomach | show 🗑
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mid-portion of stomach | show 🗑
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antrum, pyloric canal, & pylorus | show 🗑
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show | greater curvature
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show | lesser curvature
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show | ruggae
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show | mesentery; surrounds
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show | inner circular, outer longitudinal, & oblique muscle layers
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activates pepsin, & kills many bacteria | show 🗑
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show | intrinsic factor
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( inactive form of pepsin) for protein digestion | show 🗑
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show | hormone
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prevents self digestion of stomach | show 🗑
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mucosal barrier consists of layer of __ mucus | show 🗑
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show | tight junctions
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show | damaged epithelial
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inflammation caused by anything that breaches mucosal barrier | show 🗑
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show | gastric ulcer
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important cause of gastritis & ulcers | show 🗑
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__ of proteins by HCl is digestive process in stomach | show 🗑
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show | digestion
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show | chyme
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neural control of stomach is through | show 🗑
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show | gastrin
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stimulation of gastric secretion is under | show 🗑
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even before food enters stomach- by the site, smell & taste of food | show 🗑
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show | vagus nerve stimulating the stomach
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once food reaches the stomach; phase lasts for 3–4 hours provides most of gastric juice | show 🗑
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neural stimulation & gastrin involved in __ of gastric secretion | show 🗑
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show | stimulatory effect
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show | inhibitory effects
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inhibitory effects work through neural pathway of | show 🗑
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show | intestinal hormones of CCK, secretin
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also causes increase in HCl secretion | show 🗑
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stomach stretches in __ of food | show 🗑
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stomach stretches to __ food as it enters without greatly increasing tension | show 🗑
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show | remains constant
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show | peristalsis
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stretching & peristalsis are involved in | show 🗑
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show | propulsion
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show | grinding
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pyloric end of stomach acts as pump that delivers small amounts of chyme into duodenum, simultaneously forcing most of contained material backward into stomach | show 🗑
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pyloric valve opens slightly | show 🗑
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show | signals from smell & taste receptors reach brain; results in vagus nerve increase stomach motility
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show | distention of stomach w/food
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both neural stimulation & gastrin increase | show 🗑
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intestinal phase of gastric motility | show 🗑
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stomach __ 4 hours after a meal | show 🗑
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show | respond to stretch- neural reflex
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show | chyme contents
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decrease stomach motility & gastric emptying (and further duodenal filling) | show 🗑
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major organ of digestion/absorption; 20 ft long from pyloric sphincter- ileocecal valve | show 🗑
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10"; ‘C’ shaped & is retroperitoneal; bile duct & pancreatic duct open here; entry is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi | show 🗑
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show | jejunum
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12"; joins large intestine at ileocecal valve; suspended from posterior abdominal wall by mesentery | show 🗑
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show | circular folds, villi, & microvilli
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1cm tall; folds of mucosa & submucosa | show 🗑
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circular folds also called | show 🗑
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show | villi
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projections of plasma membrane of absorptive cells ((brush border) | show 🗑
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show | brush border
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show | liver
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separates the (larger) right & (smaller) left lobes | show 🗑
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falciform ligament attaches liver to | show 🗑
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hexagonal units; composed of plates of liver cells | show 🗑
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liver lobules filter & process | show 🗑
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liver lobules contain __, which are leaky capillaries btwn plates of hepatocytes that contain macrophages | show 🗑
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show | hepatocytes
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hepatocytes use __ __ to form plasma proteins | show 🗑
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hepatocytes store __ vitamins | show 🗑
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show | converting ammonia to urea
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show | secrete
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liver produces 500- 1000 ml __ which is conveyed to the duodenum | show 🗑
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yellow-green solution; contains bile salts, bilirubin, & cholesterol | show 🗑
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cholesterol derivatives that function in fat emulsification & absorption | show 🗑
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pigment formed from destruction of red blood cells | show 🗑
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triglycerides & phospholipids in bile | show 🗑
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show | reabsorbed & recycled
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show | lost in feces
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stores & concentrates bile, by absorbing its water & ions | show 🗑
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when gall bladder muscle wall contracts it | show 🗑
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show | release cholecystokinin (CCK)
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cholecystokinin (CCK) causes __ of gall bladder | show 🗑
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show | relax
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result of cholecystokinin (CCK) release by gall bladder, bile | show 🗑
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pancreatic acini secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down all categories of foodstuff | show 🗑
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release of insulin & glucagon by cells in islets of Langerhans | show 🗑
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watery bicarbonate rich fluid containing enzymes (trypsinogen, chymotrypsin amylase, lipase) | show 🗑
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show | trypsinogen
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show | HCO3
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when fatty/acidic chyme enters duodenum secretin & CCK are released, which then | show 🗑
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show | secretin & CCK
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as chyme enters duodenum | show 🗑
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show | as chyme enters duodenum
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show | completed
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show | nutrient
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show | water absorption
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show | bile, enzymes, & bicarbonate ions
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show | enzyme
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show | enzyme poor
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intestinal juice secreted by intestinal glands is __ __ with some mucous | show 🗑
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mix chyme w/bile, pancreatic & intestinal juices, & move food residues through ileocecal valve into large intestine | show 🗑
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show | segmentation
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show | intestinal epithelium for absorption
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show | it allows enough time for digestion & absorption
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show | peristalsis after digestion in small intestines
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show | large intestine
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show | teniae coli
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show | haustra
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fat-filled pouches of visceral peritoneum | show 🗑
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teniae coli, haustra, & epiploic appendages are | show 🗑
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large intestine is subdivided into | show 🗑
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show | distinct regions of colon
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portions of colon that are anchored via mesenteries called mesocolons | show 🗑
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show | sigmoid
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last segment of large intestine that opens to exterior at anus | show 🗑
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anal sphincter composed of smooth muscle | show 🗑
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anal sphincter composed of skeletal muscle | show 🗑
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show | closed
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show | bacterial flora of large intestine
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show | ferment indigestible carbohydrates
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show | irritating acids & gases (flatus)
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bacterial flora of large intestine serve, without harming host, to | show 🗑
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when __ __ is present colon becomes motile | show 🗑
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slow short lived movements of haustra occur one after another that move contents of colon | show 🗑
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show | water; salt
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show | mass peristalsis
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show | feces toward rectum
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show | mass movements of colon
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show | defecation reflex
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show | contraction of rectal walls
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show | internal anal sphincter
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show | external sphincter initially
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stimulate relaxation of external anal sphincter & defecation occurs under | show 🗑
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salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, & intestinal brush border enzymes are used to | show 🗑
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show | salivary amylase
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show | pancreatic amylase
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convert disaccharides to monosaccharides | show 🗑
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digests protein into polypeptides & a small number of amino acids, in stomach | show 🗑
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show | trypsin & chymotrypsin
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show | brush border peptidases
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show | pancreatic lipases
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show | bile salts
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bile salts convert triglycerides to | show 🗑
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show | reaches ileum
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show | intestinal villi by active transport
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amino acids & glucose enter __ __ in intestinal villus & are ultimately transported to __ __ blood | show 🗑
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show | diffusion; lacteals
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show | lacteals
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show | fat absorption
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show | micelles
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lipid substances leave micelles & enter intestinal cells | show 🗑
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show | chylomicrons
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chylomicrons leave epithelial cells, in small intestines, enter __, & are transported to circulation via __ | show 🗑
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chief cell is digestive system cell that | show 🗑
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show | makes hormones
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show | produces lysozyme
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parietal cell is digestive system cells that | show 🗑
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show | is phagocytic
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ingestion is | show 🗑
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show | chewing, mixing, churning, & segmentation of food
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chemical digestion is | show 🗑
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show | passage of digested materials from lumen of GI tract into blood/lymph
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defecation is | show 🗑
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show | direct contact
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submucosa is __ __ with many elastic fibers | show 🗑
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show | smooth muscle
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serosa is same structure as __ __ | show 🗑
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show | lying behind ear
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sublingual gland is salivary gland | show 🗑
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submandibular gland is smaller salivary gland | show 🗑
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lingual frenulum | show 🗑
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show | folds of mucosal layer
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show | inferior end & controls stomach emptying
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gastroesophogeal sphincter | show 🗑
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body of stomach is | show 🗑
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cephalic phase is stimulated by | show 🗑
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show | distention of stomach & low acidity
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intestinal phase is stimulate by | show 🗑
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inhibits gastric gland secretions | show 🗑
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increases the secretions of enzyme rich pancreatic juice | show 🗑
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stimulated by partially digested proteins in the stomach and increases gastric gland secretions | show 🗑
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show | GIP
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contains openings for bile and pancreatic ducts | show 🗑
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show | plicae circulars
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show | ileum
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finger-like projections of the mucosa | show 🗑
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AKA brush border | show 🗑
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show | carbohydrates
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triglycerides are the most common in diet | show 🗑
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show | proteins
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made up of ribose/deoxyribose sugars & nitrogenous bases | show 🗑
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begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth | show 🗑
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show | trypsin
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show | bile
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brush border enzyme that act on disaccharides | show 🗑
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in order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases | show 🗑
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during deglutition, bolus passes into stomach from esophagus through | show 🗑
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during the intestinal phase of gastric regulation | show 🗑
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show | Peyer's patches
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proteins are | show 🗑
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peristalsis | show 🗑
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characteristic of the large intestine | show 🗑
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show | regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility
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layering of the wall of the GI tract, starting from the layer next to the lumen | show 🗑
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hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed from the union of | show 🗑
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effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi | show 🗑
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show | HCl & intrinsic factor
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show | monosaccharides
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short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by | show 🗑
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most common cause of peritonitis | show 🗑
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myxovirus causes | show 🗑
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increased activity of anaerobic bacterial activity at the back of the tongue causes | show 🗑
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condition directly associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke | show 🗑
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only stomach function that is essential to life is | show 🗑
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show | cephalic
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show | plasticity
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many of the early food allergies seen in infants are caused by | show 🗑
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condition that affects the large bowel and has no physiological or anatomical cause | show 🗑
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show | emulsifying agent
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show | sympathetic spinal cord reflex
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show | gastrin, serotonin, histamine
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stomach produces serotonin and histamine to __ smooth muscle contraction | show 🗑
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show | hepatic artery & portal vein, and bile duct
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show | protein digestion
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pancreas does NOT have a serosa layer, making it | show 🗑
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pyloric sphincter regulates passage of __ from the stomach into the duodenum | show 🗑
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show | digested fats
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show | motility of digestive tract
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continuous hollow tube extending from the mouth to the anus; its walls are constructed by the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines | show 🗑
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oblique layer allows stomach to churn/mix food, reducing into smaller pieces | show 🗑
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muscularis externa differs from that of other GI organs in that | show 🗑
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show | gastroesophageal junction
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non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus relates to its function in that | show 🗑
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show | specialized for secretion
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show | where food exits after passing through large intestine
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show | mesentery
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show | finger-like extensions of intestinal mucosa that increase surface area for absorption
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show | large collections of lymphoid tissue found in submucosa of small intestine
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circular folds are | show 🗑
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show | regions that break down foodstuffs mechanically
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pharynx is | show 🗑
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show | structures continuous w/and representing modifications of peritoneum
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show | has no digestive/absorptive function
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rugae are | show 🗑
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show | sacculations of large intestine
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show | projections of plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell
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ileocecal | show 🗑
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show | primary region of food/water absorption
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frenulum is | show 🗑
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show | absorbs water & forms feces
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show | area btwn teeth & lips/cheeks
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appendix is | show 🗑
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show | initiates protein digestion
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lesser omentum is | show 🗑
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small intestine is | show 🗑
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pyloric | show 🗑
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show | posterosuperior boundary of oral cavity
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small intestine/duodenum is | show 🗑
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show | serous lining of abdominal cavity wall
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large intestine is | show 🗑
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anus is | show 🗑
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hard palate is | show 🗑
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visible portion of tooth in situ | show 🗑
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show | dentin
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show | enamel
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periodontal ligament | show 🗑
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root | show 🗑
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show | forms major portion of tooth structure; similar to bone
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show | produces dentin
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pulp | show 🗑
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anatomical crown | show 🗑
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produces mucus; found in submucosa of small intestine | show 🗑
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show | salivary glands
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produces whole spectrum of enzymes & alkaline fluid that is secreted into duodenum | show 🗑
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show | liver
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produces HCl & pepsinogen | show 🗑
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found in mucosa of small intestine; produces intestinal juice | show 🗑
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show | mainly serous
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show | store & concentrate bile
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hepatic artery, portal vein, & common bile duct are three | show 🗑
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Kupffer cells are found on | show 🗑
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Kupffer cells functions is to | show 🗑
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show | this is where hemoglobin from dead RBCs are broken down & recycled
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show | acinar cells
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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Created by:
lfrancois
Popular Anatomy sets