Digestive System
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| alimentary canal; digests and absorbs food; mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine | digestive system
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| teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder & pancreas | accessory digestive organs
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| taking food into the digestive tract | ingestion
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| moving of food through gut | propulsion
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| propulsion includes | swallowing & peristalsis
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| alternate waves of contraction & relaxation | peristalsis
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| chewing, mixing food with saliva by tongue, peristalsis in stomach | mechanical digestion
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| more/less stationary alternate contractions & relaxations | segmentation
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| in peristalsis, adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs | alternately contract & relax, which moves food along tract distally
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| in segmentation, nonadjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax | moving food forward then backward
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| food mixing & slow food propulsion occurs | during segmentation
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| complex food molecules are broken down into simpler ones by enzymes | chemical digestion
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| passage of digested end products along w/water from lumen of gut into blood/lymph | absorption
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| elimination of indigestible substances from body as feces | defecation
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| serous membrane of abdominal cavity | peritoneum
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| located on external surface of most digestive organs | visceral peritoneum
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| lines the body wall | parietal peritoneum
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| located btwn two peritoneums; fluid lubricates mobile organs | peritoneal cavity
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| double layer of peritoneum | mesentery
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| travel in the mesentery | blood vessels, lymphatics, & nerves
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| functions of the mesentery include | holding organs in place & storing fat
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| lies posterior to peritoneum | retroperitoneal organs
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| are surrounded by peritoneum | intraperitoneal organs
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| mucous membrane layer of alimentary canal | mucosa
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| connective tissue layer of alimentary canal | submucosa
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| inner circular, outer longitudinal muscle layers of alimentary canal | muscularis externa
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| visceral peritoneum layer of alimentary canal | serosa
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| arterial supply that supports hepatic, splenic, & gastric, and inferior & superior mesenteric | abdominal aorta
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| drains nutrient-rich blood from digestive organs & delivers it to liver first | hepatic portal vein
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| alimentary canal has its own __ __ neurons | intrinsic enteric
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| in alimentary canal, this regulates glands & smooth muscle in mucosa | submucosal nerve plexus
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| in alimentary canal, this is located btwn muscle layers & controls GI tract motility | myenteric nerve plexus
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| sympathetic & parasympathetic nerves are the __ __ of alimentary canal nervous system | extrinsic control
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| in alimentary canal, this inhibits secretion & motility | sympathetic nerves
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| in alimentary canal, this stimulates secretion & motility | parasympathetic nerves
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| oral/buccal cavity is lined with | stratified squamous epithelium
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| area btwn lips & cheeks, then teeth & gums | vestibule
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| area that lies within teeth & gums | oral cavity proper
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| area of median attachment of each lip to gums | labial frenulum
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| palatine bones & palatine processes of maxillae | hard palate
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| fold formed mostly of skeletal muscle, within oral cavity | soft palate
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| closes off nasopharynx during swallowing | function of soft palate
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| uvula __ __ from soft palate free edge | projects downward
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| taste, mixing food during chewing, formation of bolus, helps in swallowing & speech | functions of tongue
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| has intrinsic & extrinsic muscles | tongue
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| attachment of lips to the gums | lingual frenulum
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| surface of tongue shows | papillae
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| whitish, provide friction; located on surface of tongue | filiform papillae
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| reddish, scattered over tongue surface | fungiform
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| V-shaped row in back of tongue surface | circumvallate/vallate
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| papillae that are associated w/taste buds | fungiform & circumvallate
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| arterial supply from abdominal aorta & hepatic portal vein make up | splanchnic circulation
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| gland located anterior to ear | parotid
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| open into vestibule next to 2nd upper molar | parotid duct
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| gland medial to body of mandible | submandibular gland
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| each submandibular gland duct opens | on each side of lingual frenulum
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| gland located under tongue | sublingual gland
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| sublingual gland ducts open | into floor of mouth
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| contains electrolytes, salivary amylase, lipase & mucin and also lysozyme, defensins | saliva
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| part of saliva that protects against bacteria | lysozyme & defensins
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| continuously keep mouth moist | intrinsic glands
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| parotid, submandibular, & sublingual glands are | extrinsic
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| produce secretions when ingested food increases salivation | stimulates receptors in mouth & parasympathetic stimulation
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| sympathetic stimulation inhibits | salivation causing dry mouth
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| 20 primary teeth are called | deciduous
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| have deciduous teeth from | 6-24 month of age
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| deciduous teeth include | 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 molars
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| permanent teeth develop, when roots are resorbed & teeth fall out at | 6–12 years of age
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| there are 32 __ teeth | permanent
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| permanent teeth include | 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars
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| oropharynx & laryngopharynx make up | pharynx
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| functions of oropharynx & laryngopharynx | allow passage of food & air
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| oropharynx & laryngopharynx are made up of | stratified squamous epithelium lining
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| oropharynx & laryngopharynx have __ muscle layer wall | skeletal
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| muscular wall of oropharynx & laryngopharynx serves to | contract & propel food into esophagus
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| is 10-inch muscular tube extends from pharynx to stomach | esophagus
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| esophagus pierces diaphragm at | esophageal hiatus
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| lined by stratified squamous epithelium | esophageal mucosa
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| glands in submucosa of esophagus, secrete mucus that | helps in bolus movement
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| made up of skeletal muscle superiorly & smooth muscle inferiorly | muscularis layer of esophagus
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| outermost connective tissue layer of esophagus | adventitia
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| ingestion of food; mechanical digestion; chemical digestion; propulsion are all | digestive processes of mouth
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| chewing is __ digestion | mechanical
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| salivary amylase breaks up polysaccharides during | chemical digestion in mouth
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| propulsion in mouth/swallowing is called | deglutition
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| voluntary contraction of tongue; 1st phase of deglutition | buccal phase
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| involuntary contraction of tongue; 2nd phase of deglutition | pharyngeal-esophageal phase
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| cardiac region of stomach surrounds | cardiac orifice
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| dome-shaped region of stomach | fundus
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| mid-portion of stomach | body
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| antrum, pyloric canal, & pylorus | pyloric region
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| convex; greater omentum hangs from it | greater curvature
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| concave; extends lesser omentum btwn it & the liver | lesser curvature
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| increase surface area of stomach | ruggae
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| omentum is __ that __ stomach | mesentery; surrounds
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| muscularis externa is made up of | inner circular, outer longitudinal, & oblique muscle layers
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| activates pepsin, & kills many bacteria | HCl acid
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| required for Vit. B12 absorption (lack of intrinsic factor → pernicious anemia | intrinsic factor
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| ( inactive form of pepsin) for protein digestion | pepsinogen
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| gastrin is a(n) | hormone
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| prevents self digestion of stomach | mucosal barrier
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| mucosal barrier consists of layer of __ mucus | bicarbonate-rich
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| mucosal barrier consists of __ __ between epithelial cells | tight junctions
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| mucosal barrier consists of __ __ cells being quickly replaced by new cells | damaged epithelial
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| inflammation caused by anything that breaches mucosal barrier | gastritis
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| erosion of the stomach wall | gastric ulcer
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| important cause of gastritis & ulcers | Helicobacter pylori bacteria
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| __ of proteins by HCl is digestive process in stomach | denaturation
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| protein __ begins by pepsin in stomach | digestion
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| stomach delivers __ to small intestine | chyme
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| neural control of stomach is through | parasympathetic
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| hormonal control of stomach is through | gastrin
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| stimulation of gastric secretion is under | neural & hormonal controls
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| even before food enters stomach- by the site, smell & taste of food | cephalic (reflex) phase
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| in cephalic (reflex) phase, signals from smell & taste receptors reach brain, resulting in | vagus nerve stimulating the stomach
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| once food reaches the stomach; phase lasts for 3–4 hours provides most of gastric juice | gastric phase
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| neural stimulation & gastrin involved in __ of gastric secretion | regulation
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| intestinal gastrin as partially digested food enters duodenum (brief); increase gastric secretion | stimulatory effect
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| decreases gastric secretion | inhibitory effects
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| inhibitory effects work through neural pathway of | enterogastric reflux
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| inhibitory effects work through neural pathway of | intestinal hormones of CCK, secretin
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| also causes increase in HCl secretion | histamine
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| stomach stretches in __ of food | anticipation
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| stomach stretches to __ food as it enters without greatly increasing tension | accommodate
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| stomach pressure __ __ until 1.5L of food is ingested | remains constant
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| increased by distension of stomach by food & gastrin | peristalsis
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| stretching & peristalsis are involved in | gastric motility & emptying
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| peristaltic waves move from the fundus toward the pylorus | propulsion
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| most vigorous peristalsis & mixing action occur close to pylorus | grinding
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| pyloric end of stomach acts as pump that delivers small amounts of chyme into duodenum, simultaneously forcing most of contained material backward into stomach | retropulsion
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| pyloric valve opens slightly | during retropulsion
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| during cephalic phase of gastric motility, | signals from smell & taste receptors reach brain; results in vagus nerve increase stomach motility
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| during gastric phase of gastric motility, | distention of stomach w/food
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| both neural stimulation & gastrin increase | stomach motility
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| intestinal phase of gastric motility | distention of duodenum w/chyme decreased stomach motility
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| stomach __ 4 hours after a meal | empties
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| as chyme enters the duodenum, receptors | respond to stretch- neural reflex
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| fatty, acidic chyme- (by hormones & neural reflexes) | chyme contents
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| decrease stomach motility & gastric emptying (and further duodenal filling) | chyme
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| major organ of digestion/absorption; 20 ft long from pyloric sphincter- ileocecal valve | stomach
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| 10"; ‘C’ shaped & is retroperitoneal; bile duct & pancreatic duct open here; entry is controlled by the sphincter of Oddi | duodenum
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| 8" long; suspended from posterior abdominal wall by mesentery | jejunum
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| 12"; joins large intestine at ileocecal valve; suspended from posterior abdominal wall by mesentery | ileum
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| structural modifications increase surface area for nutrient absorption | circular folds, villi, & microvilli
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| 1cm tall; folds of mucosa & submucosa | circular folds
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| circular folds also called | plicae circulares
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| finger-like extensions of the mucosa | villi
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| projections of plasma membrane of absorptive cells ((brush border) | microvilli
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| microvilli contain __ __ enzymes, only found in small intestines; responsible for "fine-tuning" | brush border
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| largest gland in body; right, left, caudate, & quadrate lobes; contains falciform ligament | liver
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| separates the (larger) right & (smaller) left lobes | falciform ligament
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| falciform ligament attaches liver to | anterior abdominal wall
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| hexagonal units; composed of plates of liver cells | liver lobules
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| liver lobules filter & process | nutrient-rich blood
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| liver lobules contain __, which are leaky capillaries btwn plates of hepatocytes that contain macrophages | sinusoids
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| process nutrients reaching them through portal blood; store glucose as glycogen | hepatocytes
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| hepatocytes use __ __ to form plasma proteins | amino acids
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| hepatocytes store __ vitamins | fat-soluble
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| hepatocytes detoxify by | converting ammonia to urea
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| hepatocytes __ bile | secrete
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| liver produces 500- 1000 ml __ which is conveyed to the duodenum | bile/day
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| yellow-green solution; contains bile salts, bilirubin, & cholesterol | bile
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| cholesterol derivatives that function in fat emulsification & absorption | bile salts
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| pigment formed from destruction of red blood cells | bilirubin
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| triglycerides & phospholipids in bile | cholesterol
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| most bile salts are | reabsorbed & recycled
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| most of bilirubin is | lost in feces
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| stores & concentrates bile, by absorbing its water & ions | gall bladder
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| when gall bladder muscle wall contracts it | releases bile into its cystic duct, then flows into bile duct
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| acidic, fatty chyme causes duodenum to | release cholecystokinin (CCK)
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| cholecystokinin (CCK) causes __ of gall bladder | contraction
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| cholecystokinin (CCK) causes sphincter of Oddi to | relax
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| result of cholecystokinin (CCK) release by gall bladder, bile | enters into duodenum
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| pancreatic acini secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down all categories of foodstuff | exocrine function of pancreas
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| release of insulin & glucagon by cells in islets of Langerhans | endocrine function of pancreas
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| watery bicarbonate rich fluid containing enzymes (trypsinogen, chymotrypsin amylase, lipase) | pancreatic juice
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| activated in the duodenum to trypsin | trypsinogen
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| neutralizes acid chyme & provides optimal environment for pancreatic enzymes | HCO3
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| when fatty/acidic chyme enters duodenum secretin & CCK are released, which then | induce secretion of pancreatic juice
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| Vagal stimulation also stimulates release of __ & __ by duodenum | secretin & CCK
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| as chyme enters duodenum | carbohydrates & proteins are only partially digested
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| no fat digestion has taken place | as chyme enters duodenum
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| digestion is __ in small intestine | completed
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| all __ absorption takes place in small intestine | nutrient
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| most of __ __ takes place in small intestine | water absorption
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| delivered from liver & pancreas to small intestines | bile, enzymes, & bicarbonate ions
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| optimal pH required for __ activity in small intestines | enzyme
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| intestinal juice secreted by intestinal glands is __ __ | enzyme poor
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| intestinal juice secreted by intestinal glands is __ __ with some mucous | mostly water
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| mix chyme w/bile, pancreatic & intestinal juices, & move food residues through ileocecal valve into large intestine | small intestine movements
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| most common motion of small intestine in which chyme moves backwards & forwards | segmentation
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| during segmentation, chyme is mixed and brought it in contact with | intestinal epithelium for absorption
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| because segmentation allows slow movement of chyme towards ileocecal valve | it allows enough time for digestion & absorption
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| begins with each wave starting distal to previous; meal residue, bacteria, mucosal cells & debris are moved into large intestine via | peristalsis after digestion in small intestines
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| function is to absorb remaining water & some electrolytes from food residue & to eliminate residue as feces | large intestine
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| 3 bands of longitudinal smooth muscle in large intestine muscularis | teniae coli
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| pocket-like sacs caused by tone of teniae coli | haustra
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| fat-filled pouches of visceral peritoneum | epiploic appendages
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| teniae coli, haustra, & epiploic appendages are | unique features of large intestines
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| large intestine is subdivided into | cecum, appendix, colon, rectum, & anal canal
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| ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, & sigmoid colon | distinct regions of colon
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| portions of colon that are anchored via mesenteries called mesocolons | transverse & sigmoid
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| potion of colon that joins rectum | sigmoid
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| last segment of large intestine that opens to exterior at anus | anal canal
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| anal sphincter composed of smooth muscle | internal
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| anal sphincter composed of skeletal muscle | external
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| anal sphincters are __ except during defecation | closed
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| consist of bacteria surviving small intestine that enter cecum, & those entering via anus | bacterial flora of large intestine
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| bacterial flora of large intestine serve, without harming host, to __ __ __ | ferment indigestible carbohydrates
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| bacterial flora of large intestine serve, without harming host, to release | irritating acids & gases (flatus)
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| bacterial flora of large intestine serve, without harming host, to | synthesize B complex vitamins & vitamin K
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| when __ __ is present colon becomes motile | food residue
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| slow short lived movements of haustra occur one after another that move contents of colon | segmentations
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| during segmentations __ & __ is absorbed | water; salt
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| stronger & occur after eating; presence of food in stomach initiates reflex | mass peristalsis
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| mass peristalsis force | feces toward rectum
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| feces are forced into rectum by | mass movements of colon
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| stretching of rectal walls by feces initiates | defecation reflex
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| defecation reflex stimulates | contraction of rectal walls
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| defecation reflex relaxes | internal anal sphincter
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| defecation reflex contracts | external sphincter initially
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| stimulate relaxation of external anal sphincter & defecation occurs under | voluntary signals/conscious controls
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| salivary amylase, pancreatic amylase, & intestinal brush border enzymes are used to | break down carbohydrates
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| chemical digestion of starch; begins in mouth; breaks it down into 2-8 glucose units | salivary amylase
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| continues starch digestion, after salivary amylase | pancreatic amylase
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| convert disaccharides to monosaccharides | brush border enzymes
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| digests protein into polypeptides & a small number of amino acids, in stomach | pepsin
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| break up proteins into smaller peptides, in small intestine; pancreatic enzyme | trypsin & chymotrypsin
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| release free amino acids | brush border peptidases
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| small intestine is sole site of fat digestion brought about by | pancreatic lipases
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| emulsify large fat globules into tiny small droplets of fat which can easily be acted upon by lipases | bile salts
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| bile salts convert triglycerides to | free fatty acids & monoglycerides
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| most absorption is complete by time chyme | reaches ileum
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| amino acids & glucose are absorbed through mucosa of | intestinal villi by active transport
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| amino acids & glucose enter __ __ in intestinal villus & are ultimately transported to __ __ blood | capillary blood; hepatic portal
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| fats digestion products are absorbed by __ & enter blood through __ | diffusion; lacteals
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| lymphatic capillaries | lacteals
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| bile salts are also needed for | fat absorption
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| products of fat digestion associate w/bile salts to form very small __ which can come into close contact with epithelial cell surfaces | micelles
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| lipid substances leave micelles & enter intestinal cells | via diffusion
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| microscopic particles of emulsified fat found in the blood and lymph and formed during the digestion of fats | chylomicrons
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| chylomicrons leave epithelial cells, in small intestines, enter __, & are transported to circulation via __ | lacteals; lymph
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| chief cell is digestive system cell that | produces an inactive enzyme
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| islet cell is digestive system cell that | makes hormones
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| paneth cell is digestive system cells that | produces lysozyme
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| parietal cell is digestive system cells that | makes intrinsic factor
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| Kupffer cell is digestive system cells that | is phagocytic
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| ingestion is | taking food into the digestive system
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| mechanical digestion is | chewing, mixing, churning, & segmentation of food
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| chemical digestion is | enzymatic degradation of foodstuffs into simpler molecules
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| absorption is | passage of digested materials from lumen of GI tract into blood/lymph
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| defecation is | elimination of indigestible food stuffs
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| mucosa is in __ __ w/ingested food | direct contact
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| submucosa is __ __ with many elastic fibers | dense CT
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| muscularis is composed of longitudinal & circular layer of __ __ | smooth muscle
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| serosa is same structure as __ __ | visceral peritoneum
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| paratoid gland is large salivary gland | lying behind ear
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| sublingual gland is salivary gland | below tongue
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| submandibular gland is smaller salivary gland | located under jaw
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| lingual frenulum | secures tongue to floor of oral cavity
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| rugae are | folds of mucosal layer
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| pyloric sphincter is located at | inferior end & controls stomach emptying
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| gastroesophogeal sphincter | lies at superior end & regulated movement of food from esophagus
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| body of stomach is | able to stretch & hold large amounts of food
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| cephalic phase is stimulated by | sight/smell of food
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| gastric phase is stimulated by | distention of stomach & low acidity
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| intestinal phase is stimulate by | partially digested proteins & fats
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| inhibits gastric gland secretions | secretin
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| increases the secretions of enzyme rich pancreatic juice | CCK
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| stimulated by partially digested proteins in the stomach and increases gastric gland secretions | gastrin
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| inhibits gastric gland secretions; released in response to presence of fatty chyme in the small intestine | GIP
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| contains openings for bile and pancreatic ducts | duodenum
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| deep permanent folds of the mucosa and submucosa | plicae circulars
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| contains valve that connects to large intestines | ileum
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| finger-like projections of the mucosa | villi
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| AKA brush border | microvilli
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| most is ingested in the form of starch | carbohydrates
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| triglycerides are the most common in diet | lipids
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| built of long chains of amino acids | proteins
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| made up of ribose/deoxyribose sugars & nitrogenous bases | nucleic acids
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| begins carbohydrate digestion in the mouth | salivary amylase
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| digests proteins in small intestines | trypsin
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| emulsifies fats for digestion | bile
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| brush border enzyme that act on disaccharides | sucrase, lactase, maltase
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| in order to prevent self-digestion of the pancreas, activation of pancreatic proteases | occurs in duodenum
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| during deglutition, bolus passes into stomach from esophagus through | gastroesophageal sphincter
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| during the intestinal phase of gastric regulation | stomach is initially stimulated and later inhibited
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| protective collections of lymphocytes and macrophages occur in | Peyer's patches
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| proteins are | main organic molecule digested in the stomach
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| peristalsis | propulsive function that occurs in the esophagus
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| characteristic of the large intestine | contains a large number of bacteria
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| gastrin | regulatory chemical stimulates gastric gland activity and motility
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| layering of the wall of the GI tract, starting from the layer next to the lumen | mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa
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| hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed from the union of | bile duct and main pancreatic duct
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| effect of stripping the small intestines of their villi | decreased surface area for absorption would cause weight loss to occur
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| stomach produces | HCl & intrinsic factor
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| final product of carbohydrate digestion | monosaccharides
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| short reflexes in the digestive system are stimulated by | enteric plexus
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| most common cause of peritonitis | burst appendix
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| myxovirus causes | mumps
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| increased activity of anaerobic bacterial activity at the back of the tongue causes | halitosis
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| condition directly associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke | periodontitis
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| only stomach function that is essential to life is | secretion of intrinsic factor
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| phase of gastric secretion is considered a conditioned reflex | cephalic
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| hollow organs, like the stomach, that act as reservoirs exhibit | plasticity
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| many of the early food allergies seen in infants are caused by | absorption of whole proteins
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| condition that affects the large bowel and has no physiological or anatomical cause | irritable bowel
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| bile is a(n) | emulsifying agent
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| defecation is mediated by | sympathetic spinal cord reflex
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| three excitatory gastric hormones | gastrin, serotonin, histamine
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| stomach produces serotonin and histamine to __ smooth muscle contraction | regulate
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| triads have a branch of | hepatic artery & portal vein, and bile duct
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| begins in the stomach under the action of pepsin | protein digestion
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| pancreas does NOT have a serosa layer, making it | retroperitoneal
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| pyloric sphincter regulates passage of __ from the stomach into the duodenum | chyme
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| absorbed into lymphatic lacteals | digested fats
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| myenteric plexus controls | motility of digestive tract
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| continuous hollow tube extending from the mouth to the anus; its walls are constructed by the oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines | alimentary canal/GI tract
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| oblique layer allows stomach to churn/mix food, reducing into smaller pieces | modification of muscularis externa
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| muscularis externa differs from that of other GI organs in that | it has three layers of smooth muscle instead of two
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| nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium transitions to simple columnar epithelium at | gastroesophageal junction
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|
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| non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium of esophagus relates to its function in that | it is abrasive resistant
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|
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| simple columnar epithelium of stomach relates to its function in that it is | specialized for secretion
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| differentiation of colon from large intestine, is that colon is | where food exits after passing through large intestine
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| structure that suspends small intestine from posterior body | mesentery
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|
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| villi are | finger-like extensions of intestinal mucosa that increase surface area for absorption
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|
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| Peyer's patches are | large collections of lymphoid tissue found in submucosa of small intestine
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|
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| circular folds are | deep folds of mucosa & submucosa that extend completely/partially around circumference of small intestine
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|
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| stomach & oral cavity are | regions that break down foodstuffs mechanically
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| pharynx is | conduit for both air & food
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|
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| lesser/greater omentum & mesentery are | structures continuous w/and representing modifications of peritoneum
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|
||||
| esophagus/gullet | has no digestive/absorptive function
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|
||||
| rugae are | folds of gastric mucosa
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|
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| haustra are | sacculations of large intestine
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| microvilli are | projections of plasma membrane of a mucosal epithelial cell
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| ileocecal | valve at junction of small/large intestine
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||||
| small intestine is | primary region of food/water absorption
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| frenulum is | membrane securing tongue to floor of mouth
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|
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| large intestine | absorbs water & forms feces
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|
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| vestibule is | area btwn teeth & lips/cheeks
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|
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| appendix is | worm-like sac that out-pockets from cecum
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|
||||
| stomach | initiates protein digestion
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|
||||
| lesser omentum is | structure attached to lesser curvature of stomach
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|
||||
| small intestine is | organ distal to stomach
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|
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| pyloric | valve controlling food movement from stomach to duodenum
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|
||||
| soft palate is | posterosuperior boundary of oral cavity
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|
||||
| small intestine/duodenum is | location of hepatopancreatic sphincter through which pancreatic secretions & bile pass
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|
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| parietal peritoneum is | serous lining of abdominal cavity wall
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|
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| large intestine is | principal site for synthesis of Vit K by microorganisms
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|
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| anus is | region containing 2 sphincters through which feces are expelled from body
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|
||||
| hard palate is | bone-supported anterosuperior boundary of oral cavity
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|
||||
| visible portion of tooth in situ | clinical crown
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|
||||
| material covering tooth root | dentin
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|
||||
| hardest substance in body | enamel
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|
||||
| periodontal ligament | attaches tooth to bone & surrounding alveolar structures
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|
||||
| root | portion of tooth embedded in bone
🗑
|
||||
| cementum | forms major portion of tooth structure; similar to bone
🗑
|
||||
| odontoblast | produces dentin
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|
||||
| pulp | site of blood vessels, nerves, & lymphatics
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|
||||
| anatomical crown | entire portion of tooth covered w/enamel
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|
||||
| produces mucus; found in submucosa of small intestine | gastric glands
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|
||||
| produces product containing amylase that begins starch breakdown in mouth | salivary glands
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|
||||
| produces whole spectrum of enzymes & alkaline fluid that is secreted into duodenum | pancreas
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|
||||
| produces bile that secrete into duodenum via bile duct | liver
🗑
|
||||
| produces HCl & pepsinogen | intestinal crypts
🗑
|
||||
| found in mucosa of small intestine; produces intestinal juice | duodenal glands
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|
||||
| paratoid secretions are | mainly serous
🗑
|
||||
| role of gallbladder is to | store & concentrate bile
🗑
|
||||
| hepatic artery, portal vein, & common bile duct are three | structures always found in portal triad regions of liver
🗑
|
||||
| Kupffer cells are found on | lining of sinusoids in liver
🗑
|
||||
| Kupffer cells functions is to | remove debris from blood
🗑
|
||||
| liver is dark red in living animal because | this is where hemoglobin from dead RBCs are broken down & recycled
🗑
|
||||
| secretory cells of pancreas that serve digestive process | acinar cells
🗑
|
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