Not Including Guides & Limits
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| Name some characteristics of blood | *pH = 7.35-7.45
*Viscosity = 3.3-5.5
*Temp. = 100.4*F
*Vol. Adult Males= 5-6 liters
*Vol. Adult Females= 4-5 liters
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| Name the 3 main types of plasma proteins | *Albumin
*Globulins
*Fibrinogen
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| The plasma protein that controls osmotic pressure of the circulatory system | Albumin
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| The plasma protein that transports antibodies (immunoglobulins) | Globulins
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| The plasma protein that is the blood clotting elements | Fibrinogen
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| Name some characteristics of RBCs | *Erythrocytes
*Oxygen transport
*Hemoglobin
*Biconcave Disc Shape
*Lack mitochondria
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| Name some characteristics of WBCs | *Leukocytes
*Crucial to the bodies defense against disease
*5 types of WBCs
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| Granulocytic WBC that destroys bacteria | Neutrophils
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| Granulocytivc WBC that terminates the inflammatory response to allergic reactions & parasitic infections | Eosinophils
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| Granulocytic WBC that directs the later stages of allergic reactions & parasitic infections | Basophils
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| Agranulocytic WBC that is the most important of the immune system, Tcells & Bcells, function in the connective tissue | Lymphocytes
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| Agranulocytic WBC that is the largest and transforms into macrophages | Monocytes
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| To make blood | Hematopoiesis
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| The site of blood cell formation | Bone Marrow
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| All blood cells arise from these cells types | Blood Stem Cell
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| Name the 2 types of blood stem cells | Lymphoid & Myeloid
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| Which blood stem cell gives rise to lymphocytes? | Lymphoid Stem Cells
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| Which blood stem cell gives rise to every other blood cell? | Myeloid Stem Cells
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| Clotting Cells | Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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| Sac around the heart | Pericardium
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| Outer layer of connective tissue of pericardium | Fibrous Pericardium
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| Deeper double layer located between the fibrous pericardium and the heart | Serous Pericardium
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| External layer of the serous pericardium | Parietal Layer
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| Internal layer of serous pericardium that lays on the heart | Visceral Layer
AKA Epicardium
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| Name the three layers of the heart wall | *Epicardium
*Myocardium
*Endocardium
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| Internal longitudinal division of the atria | Interatrial Septum
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| Internal longitudinal division of the ventricles | Interventricular Septum
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| External groove that divides the atria from the ventricles | Coronary Sulcus
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| External groove dividing the ventricles | Anterior & Posterior Interventricular Sulci
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| Receiving chamber for oxygen poor blood returning from the systemic circuit; receives blood via three veins | Right Atrium
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| Receives blood draining superior to the diaphragm, opening in the right atrium | Superior Vena Cava
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| Receives blood draining inferior to the diaphragm, opening in the right atrium | Inferior Vena Cava
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| Receives blood draining from the walls of the heart, opening in the right atrium | Coronary Sinus
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| C-like structures marking the openings of the three vessels opening in the right atrium | Crista Terminalis
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| Remnant of a fetal circulatory structure, foramen ovale | Fossa Ovalis
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| Allows blood to flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle | Tricuspid Valve (Rt. AV Valve)
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| Internal Pacemaker found in the right atrium; crescent shaped mass of cells that lies just inferior to the entrance of the superior vena cava | SA Node
(sinoatrial node)
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| Pumps blood to the pulmonary circuit | Right Ventricle
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| Cone shaped muscles projecting from the ventricular wall | Papillary Muscles
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| Thin strong bands attached to the papillary muscles and the flaps of the tricuspid & bicuspid valves; prevents backflow into the atrium | Chordae Tendineae
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| The valve located in the opening between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk | Pulmonary Valve (Pulmonary Semilunar Valve)
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| Recieves oxygen rich blood returning from the pulmonary circuit via 2 right & 2 left pulmonary veins | Left Atrium
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| Valve located between the left atrium and left ventricle | Mitral/Bicuspid/Left Atrioventricular Valve
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| Major vessel leaving the left ventricle | Aorta
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| The valve located in the opening between the left ventricle and the aorta | Aortic Valve (Aortic Semilunar Valve)
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| Extrinsic controls that can control the heart rate | Innervation
*Parasympathetic Fibers: slow the heart rate
*Sympathetic Fibers: increase the heart rate
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| Vessels that provide blood supply to the walls of the heart itself | Left & Right Coronary Arteries
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| Vessel that drains the blood supply from the walls of the heart itself | Coronary Sinus
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| The study of blood | Hematology
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| The study of the heart | Cardiology
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| The study of blood vessels | Angiology
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| The study of arteries | Arteriology
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| The study of veins | Phlebology
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| Innermost layer of of tissue of the blood vessels; smooth endothelium | Tunica Intima
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| The middle layer of tissue of the blood vessels; smooth muscle | Tunica Media
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| The outermost layer of tissue of the blood vessels; connective tissue that anchors and supports | Tunica Adventitia (Externa)
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| The union of the distal ends of arteries and veins | Anastomoses
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| Used in conjuction with anastomoses; refers to 2 or more vessels providing blood supply to the same body part | Collateral Circulation
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| Vessels for vessels | Vasa Vasorum
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| Branch from the pulmonary arteries, 3 right and 2 left | Lobar Arteries
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| Name the 3 branches of the aortic arch | Brachiocephalic Trunk, Left Common Carotid, Left Subclavian
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| Name the parietal branches of the descending thoracic aorta | Post. Intercostal Arteries (9 pair)
Subcostal Arteries (1 pair)
Sup. Phrenic Arteries (1 pair)
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| Name the visceral branches of the descending thoracic aorta | Esophageal Arteries (several pairs)
Bronchial Arteries
Pericardial Arteries
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| Name the parietal branches of the descending abdominal aorta | Inf. Phrenic Arteries (1 pair)
Lumbar Arteries (4 pair)
Median Sacral Artery (unpaired)
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| Name the paired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta | Middle Suprarenal (1 pair)
Renal Arteries (1 pair)
Gonadal Arteries (1 pair)
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| Name the unpaired visceral branches of the abdominal aorta | Celiac Trunk (Left Gastric Artery, Splenic Artery, Common Hepatic)
Superior Mesenteric Artery
Inferior Mesenteric Artery
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| Name the 8 branches of the external carotid artery | Facial, Post. Auricular, Ascending Pharyngeal, Superficial Temporal, Maxillary, Superior Thyroid, Lingual, Occipital Artery
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| Name the 4 branches of the internal carotid artery | Opthalmic, Anterior Cerebral, Middle Cerebral, Anterior Communicating Artery
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| Name the 9 arteries that make up the Cerebral Arterial Circle (Circle of Willis) | *Rt & Left Internal Carotid (2)
*Ant. Communicating Artery
*Rt & Left Ant. Cerebral Arteries (2)
*Rt & Left Post. Cerebral Arteries (2)
*Rt & Left Post. Communicating Arteries (2)
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| Unites the brain's anterior and posterior blood supplies provided by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries | Circle of Willis
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| System that drains the intercostal spaces and empties into the superior vena cava | Azygos System
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| Name the vessels of the Azygos System | *Azygos Vein
*Hemiazygos Vein
*Accessory Azygos Vein
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| Name the veins of the thoracic region | Two Vena cava, Coronary Sinus, Pulmonary Veins (2 rt, 2 left), Azygos System, Bronchial Vein, Esophageal Veins
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| Name the parietal veins of the abdominal region | Lumbar Veins, Inferior Phrenic Veins
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| Name the visceral veins of the abdominal region | Gonadal Veins, Renal Veins, Suprarenal, Hepatic Veins, Hepatic Portal System, Hepatic Portal Vein
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| Name the 3 veins that drain into the hepatic portal vein | Splenic, Inferior Mesenteric, Superior Mesenteric Veins
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| What does the hepatic portal system drain? | The organs of digestion
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| Name the veins of the head and neck region | Dural Sinuses, External Jugular, Internal Jugular, Vertebral Veins
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| Name the superficial veins of the upper limbs | Cephalic, Basilic, Medial Cubital Vein
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| Name the superficial veins of the lower extremities | Great and Small Saphenous Vein
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| Name the 2 main differences between the fetal and postnatal circulation | *Fetus supplies blood to the placenta
*Placenta is the respiratory organ so the lungs don't need much blood
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| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Umbilical Arteries | Medial Umbilical Ligaments
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| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Umbilical Vein | Ligamentum Teres
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| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Ductus Venosus | Ligamentum Venosum
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| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Foramen Ovale | Fossa Ovalis
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| Name the remnant fetal structure of the Ductus Arteriosus | Ligamentum Arteriosum
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| The lymphatic system is a ____ _____ system; flows only toward the heart | One Way
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| Permeable vessels of the lymphatic system that receive tissue fluid | Lymph Capillaries
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| Name the one set of lymph capillaries that receive digested fat from the small intestine | Lacteals
*Fatty Lymph=Chyle
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| Vessels that the lymph enters from the lymph capillaries | Lymphatic Collecting Vessels
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| Cleanse and filter the lymph of pathogens; situated along the lymphatic collecting vessels; 500 of them | Lymph Nodes
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| After leaving the lymph nodes, the largest lymphatic collecting vessels converge and form.... | Lymph Trunks
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| Name the 5 major lymph trunks from inferior to superior | Lumbar, Intestinal, Bronchomediastinal, Subclavian, Jugular
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| Lymph trunk located along the sides or the aorta in the inf. abdomen; recieves lymph from the lower limbs, pelvic organs, ant. abdominal wall | Lumbar
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| Lymph trunk located near the post. abdominal wall in the midline; receives lymph from the stomach, fatty lymph, intestines, other digestive organs | Intestinal
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| Lymph trunk located ascending near the sides of the trachea; receives lymph from the thoracic viscera and the thoracic wall | Bronchomediastinal
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| Lymph trunk located at the base of the neck; receives lymph from the upper limbs, inferior neck, and the superior thoracic wall | Subclavian
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| Lymph trunk located at the base of each jugular vein; receives lymph from the head and neck | Jugular
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| Lymph trunks drain into the largest lymphatic vessels | Lymph Ducts
*some have two, some have one
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| Lymph duct present in all individuals; inferior part is located at the union of the lumbar & intestinal trunks (Cisterna Chyli); drains 3/4 of the body | Thoracic Duct (Left Lymphatic Duct)
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| Some people have this short lymphatic duct that drains the upper right 1/4 of the body | Right Lymphatic Duct
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| Name the most important tissue of the immune system | Lymphoid Tissue
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| Name the 2 general locations of lymphoid tissue | *MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)
*All lymphoid organs except the thymus
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| Name the lymphoid organs | Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Tonsils, Aggregated Lymphoid Nodules (peyer's patches), Appendix, Thymus
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| Where do most of the antigen challenges occur in the body? | The Lymph Nodes
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| The largest lymphoid organ with 2 main blood cleansing functions, removal of blood-borne antigens & removal of aged and defective blood cells | Spleen
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| Site of Tlymphocyte maturation; lies in the superior thorax and inf. neck; not a true lymphoid connective tissue | Thymus
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| The simplest lymphoid organs arranged in a ring around the entrance to the pharynx; 4 groups (palatine, lingual, pharyngeal, tubal) | Tonsils
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