Chapter 2-Organization of the Body
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| atom | smallest unit of matter
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| nucleus | center of the atom
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| proton | positively charged particle
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| neutron | without an electrical charge
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| electron | negatively charged particle
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| element | made up of atoms
cannot be separated or broken down
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| molecule | chemical combination of 2 or more atoms that form a compound
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| cells | building blocks for structures
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| cell membrane | outer covering of the cell
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| protoplasm | substance within the cell membrane
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| karyoplasm | substance of the cell's nucleus
contains genetic matter
controls cell activity
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| cytoplasm | all protoplasm outside the nucleus
provides storage and work areas
contains organelles
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | carries proteins through the cytoplasm
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| Ribosomes | protein factories
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| Golgi Apparatus | chemical processing and packaging center
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| mitochondria | power plants
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| lysosomes | digestive bags
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| centrioles | cell reproduction
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| cilia | hair like processes that propel dust and mucus
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| flagellum | tail of the sperm
aid in swimming
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| tissues | grouping of similar cells that perform specialized functions
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| epithelial tissue | sheet like arrangement of cells
form the outer layer of skin
protect, absorb, secrete and excrete
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| connective tissue | most abundant tissue
supporting network for organs
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| muscle tissue | voluntary or striated
cardiac
involuntary or smooth
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| nerve tissue | excitability and conductivity
control and coordinate activities of the body
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| organs | tissues serving a common purpose
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| systems | group of organs functioning together for a common purpose
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| standard anatomical position | body is erect
head facing forward
arms by the side
palms facing forward
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| primary reference systems | directions, planes, cavities, structural units
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| superior | upward direction
above
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| anterior | in front of
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| posterior | behind
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| cephalad | toward the head
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| medial | near the middle
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| lateral | the side
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| proximal | nearest the point of attachment
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| distal | away from the point of attachment
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| ventral | front side
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| dorsal | back side
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| midsagittal plane | divides body through midline to form a left and right half
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| transverse or horizontal plane | divides body into superior and interior positions
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| coronal or frontal plane | divides body at right angles to the midsagittal plane
into anterior and posterior
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| cavity | hollow space containing body organs
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| ventral cavity | extends from neck to pelvis
thoracic, abdominal and pelvic
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| thoracic cavity | contains heart and lungs
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| pericardial cavity | contains heart
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| pleural cavity | contains lungs
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| abdominal cavity | space below diaphragm
belly
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| pelvic cavity | pelvic area
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| dorsal cavity | nervous system
cranial and spinal
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| cranial cavity | space in the skull containing the brain
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| spinal cavity | space within spinal column that contains the spinal cord and fluid
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| abdominopelvic cavity | combination of abdominal and pelvic cavities
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| hypochondriac regions of the abdominopelvic cavity | upper right and left regions
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| epigastric regions of the abdominopelvic cavity | over the stomach
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| lumbar regions of the abdominopelvic cavity | right and left middle regions
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| umbilical region of the abdominopelvic cavity | at the navel
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| iliac regions of the abdominopelvic cavity | right and left lower regions
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| hypogastric region of the abdominopelvic cavity | lower middle region below the navel
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| abdomen | divided into 4 regions
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
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| adipose | fatty tissue
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| ambilateral | both sides
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| anatomy | to cut up
to study the structure of an organism
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| android | resemble man
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| apex | pointed end of a cone shape
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| base | lower foundation
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| bilateral | two sides
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| biology | study of life
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| caudal | tail
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| chromosome | carry genes that determine hereditary characteristics
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| cytology | study of cells
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| deep | far down from the surface
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| dehydrate | remove water
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| diffusion | move from higher concentration to lower concentration
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| ectogenous | formation outside the organism
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| ectomorph | slender body form
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| endormorph | rounder body form
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| filtration | strain particles from a solution
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| gene | hereditary unit that transmits and determines one's characteristics
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| histology | study of tissue
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| homeostasis | state of equilibrium
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| human genome | complete set of genes and chromosomes inside a cell
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| inferior | below
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| inguinal | near the groin
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| internal | within
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| karyogenesis | formation of a cell's nucleus
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| mesomorph | well proportioned body
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| organic | pertaining to an organ
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| pathology | study of disease
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| perfusion | pouring through
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| phenotype | physical appearance
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| physiology | study of the nature of living organisms
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| somatotrophic | stimulation of body growth
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| superficial | near or on the surface
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| systemic | the body as a whole
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| topical | pertaining to a place
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| unilateral | one side
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| vertex | top or highest point
crown of head
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| visceral | body organs enclosed within a cavity
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