CPC Study - Cardiovascular System
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| Function of blood: | maintain a constant environment
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| Blood cells are suspended in: | plasma
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| Blood is composed of: | plasma, blood cells
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| Blood Types: | A, B, AB, O
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| Types of blood cells: | leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes
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| Types of leukocytes: | neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils
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| Function of the arterial system: | carry blood delivering nutrients and oxygen
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| Function of the venous system: | carry away cell waste and carbon dioxide
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| 3 types of blood vessels: | arteries, capillaries, veins
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| The inner layer of an artery: | endothelium
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| These exchange structures are connections between arterioles and venules: | capillaries
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| These chambers of the heart receive blood: | right and left atria
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| These chambers of the heart discharge blood | right and left ventricle
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| 3 layers of the heart wall: | endocardium (smooth inner layer), myocardium (middle muscular layer), epicardium (outer layer)
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| Inferior vena cava | major blood vessel - carries deoxygenated blood from lower extremities, pelvic and abdominal viscera to right atrium
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| Superior vena cava | major blood vessel - drains deoxygenated blood from head, neck, upper extremities and chest to right atrium
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| Pulmonary Artery | major blood vessel - bifurcates and becomes right and left PA - carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs
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| Right and left pulmonary veins (4): | major blood vessels - carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium
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| Aorta | major blood vessel - carries oxygenated blood from left side of heart to body
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| 2 layers of the pericardium: | parietal (outermost covering), visceral (innermost)
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| 4 valves of the heart: | tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic, bicuspid
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| This heart valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle: | tricuspid valve
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| This heart valve is located at entrance of pulmonary artery leading from right ventricle: | pulmonary valve
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| This heart valve is located at entrance of aorta leading from left ventricle: | aoritc valve
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| This heart valve is located between left atrium and left ventricle: | bicuspid valve
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| This is known as nature's pacemaker and sends impulses to atrioventricular node: | sinoatrial node
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| This is located on the interatrial septum and sends impulses to bundle of His: | atrioventricular node
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| This divides into the right and left bundle branches in septum: | bundle of His
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| These merge from bundle branches into specialized cells of myocardium, located at base of heart: | purkinje fibers
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| This is the contraction phase of the heartbeat: | systole
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| This is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat: | diastole
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| Pathway of a deoxygenated blood cell from trunk through the heart: | inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lung capillaries - pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta
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| ACS | Acute Coronary Syndrome - blanket term covering symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia
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| Anastomosis | surgical connection of two tubular structures
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| Aneurysm | abnormal dilation of vessels, usually in an artery
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| Angina | spasmotic, choking, suffocative pain
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| Angiography | radiography of blood vessels
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| Angioplasty | procedure in a vessel to dialte vessel opening
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| Atherectomy | removal of plaque from an artery
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| Auscultation | listening for sounds within body
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| Bundle of His | muscular cardiac fibers that provide heart rhythm to ventricles
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| Cardioverter-defibrillator | surgically placed or wearable device that directs an electric shock to the heart to restore rhythm
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| Circumflex | a coronary artery that circles heart
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| Cutdown | incision into a vessel for placement of catheter
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| Edema | swelling due to abnormal fluid collection in tissue spaces
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| Electrode | lead attached to a generator that carries electric current from the generator to atria or ventricles
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| Electrophysiology | study of electrical system of heart, including study of arrhythmias
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| Embolectomy | removal of blockage from vessel
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| Endarterectomy | incision into an artery to remove inner lining
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| Epicardial | over heart
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| False aneurysm | sac of clotted blood that has completely destroyed vessel and is being contained by tissue that surrounds vessel
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| Fistula | abnormal opening from one area to another area
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| Hematoma | mass of blood that forms outside vessel
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| Hemolysis | breakdown of red blood cells
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| Hypoxemia | low level of oxygen in blood
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| Hypoxia | low level of oxygen in tissue
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| Nuclear cardiology | diagnostic specialty that uses radiologic procedures to aid in diagnosis of cardiologic conditions
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| Pericardiocentesis | fluid is withdrawn from pericardial space via percutaneous needle
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| Swan Ganz catheter | measures pressure in right side of heart and in pulmonary artery
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| Thoracostomy | incision into chest wall and insertion of tube
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| Thromboendarterectomy | removal of thrombus and atherosclerotic lining from an artery
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| CAD / IHD | coronary artery disease / ischemic heart disease - thickening and hardening of arterial intima with lipid and fibrous plaque
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| Lesions on the femoral and popliteal arteries lead to: | peripheral vascular disease
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| Lesions on the carotid arteries lead to: | stroke
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| Lesions on aorta lead to: | aneurysms
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| Lesions on coronary arteries lead to: | myocardial infarction
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| Ischemia | deficiency of oxygenated blood
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| 3 types of ischemia: | localized myocardial, transient, irreversible
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| Most common cause of Localized Myocardial Ischemia: | atherosclerosis of vessels
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| Type of ischemia where the heart muscle performs at a low level due to lack of oxygen (reversible): | transient ischemia
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| This type of ischemia is the cause of an MI: | irreversible ischemia
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| This is normal blood pressure: | 120/80
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| Stage 1 Hypertension: | 140/90
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| Stage 2 Hypertension: | 160/100
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| Stage 3 Hypertension: | 180/110
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| ACE (as in ACE inhibitor) | angiotensin-converting enzyme
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| If an aneurysm involves all 3 layers of arterial wall it is known as a: | true aneurysm
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| False Aneurysm (saccular) | separation of arterial walls usually as a result of trauma
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| Thromboembolus | dislodged blood clot
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| Embolism | mass circulating in blood
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| Types of embolisms: | air bubble, fat, bacterial mass, cancer cells, foreign substances, dislodged thrombus, amniotic fluid
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| Buerger's Disease | inflammatory disease of peripheral arteries creating thrombi and vasospasms most often in young men who are heavy smokers
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| Another name for Buerger's Disease: | thromboangiitis obliterans
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| Raynaud's Disease | secondary disease - vasospasms and constriction of small arterioles of fingers and toes - affects young women
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| Symptom of Raynaud's Disease: | brittle nails and thickened fingertips
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| Varicose Veins | blood pools in the veins, distending them
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| This is a varicose vein of the anus: | hemorrhoid
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| Systolic heart failure occurs on this side of the heart: | left
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| Diastolic heart failure occurs on this side of the heart: | right
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| Diastolic heart failure results in: | ventricle stasis, inadequate pulmonary circulation, peripheral edema, hepatosplenomegaly
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| Systolic heart failure results in: | pulmonary edema
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| Infective Endocarditis | inflammation of interior most lining of heart
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| 3 common types of pericarditis: | acute, pericardial effusion, constrictive
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| Rheumatic Heart Disease | formation of scars of the endocardium and heart valves due to rheumatic fever
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| What do cardiomyopathies affect: | myocardium (middle layer of heart wall)
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| 3 types of cardiomyopathy: | dilated (congestive), hypertrophic, restrictve
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| CoA | coarctation of aorta (narrowing of aorta)
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| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus (opening between aorta and pulmonary artery)
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| Another name for congestive cardiomyopathy: | dilated cardiomyopathy
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| This type of cardiomyopathy results in thickened interventricular septum: | hypertrophic
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