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CPC-Cardiovascular
CPC Study - Cardiovascular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of blood: | maintain a constant environment |
| Blood cells are suspended in: | plasma |
| Blood is composed of: | plasma, blood cells |
| Blood Types: | A, B, AB, O |
| Types of blood cells: | leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes |
| Types of leukocytes: | neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
| Function of the arterial system: | carry blood delivering nutrients and oxygen |
| Function of the venous system: | carry away cell waste and carbon dioxide |
| 3 types of blood vessels: | arteries, capillaries, veins |
| The inner layer of an artery: | endothelium |
| These exchange structures are connections between arterioles and venules: | capillaries |
| These chambers of the heart receive blood: | right and left atria |
| These chambers of the heart discharge blood | right and left ventricle |
| 3 layers of the heart wall: | endocardium (smooth inner layer), myocardium (middle muscular layer), epicardium (outer layer) |
| Inferior vena cava | major blood vessel - carries deoxygenated blood from lower extremities, pelvic and abdominal viscera to right atrium |
| Superior vena cava | major blood vessel - drains deoxygenated blood from head, neck, upper extremities and chest to right atrium |
| Pulmonary Artery | major blood vessel - bifurcates and becomes right and left PA - carries deoxygenated blood from right ventricle to lungs |
| Right and left pulmonary veins (4): | major blood vessels - carry oxygenated blood from lungs to left atrium |
| Aorta | major blood vessel - carries oxygenated blood from left side of heart to body |
| 2 layers of the pericardium: | parietal (outermost covering), visceral (innermost) |
| 4 valves of the heart: | tricuspid, pulmonary, aortic, bicuspid |
| This heart valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle: | tricuspid valve |
| This heart valve is located at entrance of pulmonary artery leading from right ventricle: | pulmonary valve |
| This heart valve is located at entrance of aorta leading from left ventricle: | aoritc valve |
| This heart valve is located between left atrium and left ventricle: | bicuspid valve |
| This is known as nature's pacemaker and sends impulses to atrioventricular node: | sinoatrial node |
| This is located on the interatrial septum and sends impulses to bundle of His: | atrioventricular node |
| This divides into the right and left bundle branches in septum: | bundle of His |
| These merge from bundle branches into specialized cells of myocardium, located at base of heart: | purkinje fibers |
| This is the contraction phase of the heartbeat: | systole |
| This is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat: | diastole |
| Pathway of a deoxygenated blood cell from trunk through the heart: | inferior vena cava - right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary valve - pulmonary artery - lung capillaries - pulmonary veins - left atrium - bicuspid valve - left ventricle - aortic valve - aorta |
| ACS | Acute Coronary Syndrome - blanket term covering symptoms compatible with acute myocardial ischemia |
| Anastomosis | surgical connection of two tubular structures |
| Aneurysm | abnormal dilation of vessels, usually in an artery |
| Angina | spasmotic, choking, suffocative pain |
| Angiography | radiography of blood vessels |
| Angioplasty | procedure in a vessel to dialte vessel opening |
| Atherectomy | removal of plaque from an artery |
| Auscultation | listening for sounds within body |
| Bundle of His | muscular cardiac fibers that provide heart rhythm to ventricles |
| Cardioverter-defibrillator | surgically placed or wearable device that directs an electric shock to the heart to restore rhythm |
| Circumflex | a coronary artery that circles heart |
| Cutdown | incision into a vessel for placement of catheter |
| Edema | swelling due to abnormal fluid collection in tissue spaces |
| Electrode | lead attached to a generator that carries electric current from the generator to atria or ventricles |
| Electrophysiology | study of electrical system of heart, including study of arrhythmias |
| Embolectomy | removal of blockage from vessel |
| Endarterectomy | incision into an artery to remove inner lining |
| Epicardial | over heart |
| False aneurysm | sac of clotted blood that has completely destroyed vessel and is being contained by tissue that surrounds vessel |
| Fistula | abnormal opening from one area to another area |
| Hematoma | mass of blood that forms outside vessel |
| Hemolysis | breakdown of red blood cells |
| Hypoxemia | low level of oxygen in blood |
| Hypoxia | low level of oxygen in tissue |
| Nuclear cardiology | diagnostic specialty that uses radiologic procedures to aid in diagnosis of cardiologic conditions |
| Pericardiocentesis | fluid is withdrawn from pericardial space via percutaneous needle |
| Swan Ganz catheter | measures pressure in right side of heart and in pulmonary artery |
| Thoracostomy | incision into chest wall and insertion of tube |
| Thromboendarterectomy | removal of thrombus and atherosclerotic lining from an artery |
| CAD / IHD | coronary artery disease / ischemic heart disease - thickening and hardening of arterial intima with lipid and fibrous plaque |
| Lesions on the femoral and popliteal arteries lead to: | peripheral vascular disease |
| Lesions on the carotid arteries lead to: | stroke |
| Lesions on aorta lead to: | aneurysms |
| Lesions on coronary arteries lead to: | myocardial infarction |
| Ischemia | deficiency of oxygenated blood |
| 3 types of ischemia: | localized myocardial, transient, irreversible |
| Most common cause of Localized Myocardial Ischemia: | atherosclerosis of vessels |
| Type of ischemia where the heart muscle performs at a low level due to lack of oxygen (reversible): | transient ischemia |
| This type of ischemia is the cause of an MI: | irreversible ischemia |
| This is normal blood pressure: | 120/80 |
| Stage 1 Hypertension: | 140/90 |
| Stage 2 Hypertension: | 160/100 |
| Stage 3 Hypertension: | 180/110 |
| ACE (as in ACE inhibitor) | angiotensin-converting enzyme |
| If an aneurysm involves all 3 layers of arterial wall it is known as a: | true aneurysm |
| False Aneurysm (saccular) | separation of arterial walls usually as a result of trauma |
| Thromboembolus | dislodged blood clot |
| Embolism | mass circulating in blood |
| Types of embolisms: | air bubble, fat, bacterial mass, cancer cells, foreign substances, dislodged thrombus, amniotic fluid |
| Buerger's Disease | inflammatory disease of peripheral arteries creating thrombi and vasospasms most often in young men who are heavy smokers |
| Another name for Buerger's Disease: | thromboangiitis obliterans |
| Raynaud's Disease | secondary disease - vasospasms and constriction of small arterioles of fingers and toes - affects young women |
| Symptom of Raynaud's Disease: | brittle nails and thickened fingertips |
| Varicose Veins | blood pools in the veins, distending them |
| This is a varicose vein of the anus: | hemorrhoid |
| Systolic heart failure occurs on this side of the heart: | left |
| Diastolic heart failure occurs on this side of the heart: | right |
| Diastolic heart failure results in: | ventricle stasis, inadequate pulmonary circulation, peripheral edema, hepatosplenomegaly |
| Systolic heart failure results in: | pulmonary edema |
| Infective Endocarditis | inflammation of interior most lining of heart |
| 3 common types of pericarditis: | acute, pericardial effusion, constrictive |
| Rheumatic Heart Disease | formation of scars of the endocardium and heart valves due to rheumatic fever |
| What do cardiomyopathies affect: | myocardium (middle layer of heart wall) |
| 3 types of cardiomyopathy: | dilated (congestive), hypertrophic, restrictve |
| CoA | coarctation of aorta (narrowing of aorta) |
| PDA | patent ductus arteriosus (opening between aorta and pulmonary artery) |
| Another name for congestive cardiomyopathy: | dilated cardiomyopathy |
| This type of cardiomyopathy results in thickened interventricular septum: | hypertrophic |
Created by:
dropgallow
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