CPC Study - Digestive System
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| Function of the digestive system: | digestion, absorption, elimination
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| How may permanent teeth does the mouth contain? | 32
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| What does the lingual frenulum do? | anchors tongue to floor of mouth
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| 4 parts of a tooth: | crown, neck, root, pulp cavity
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| How much saliva do the salivary glands produce each day? | 1.5 liters
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| Name the 3 salivary glands: | parotid, submandibular, sublingual
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| This covers the larynx/esophagus when swallowing: | epiglottis
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| Length of pharynx; of esophagus: | 5 inches; 9-10 inches
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| Sphincter | ring of muscles
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| 3 parts of stomach: | fundus, body, antrum/pylorus
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| Rugae | folds of mucosal membrane that lines the stomach
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| Pyloric sphincter | ring of muscles at bottom of stomach that opens to allow chyme (partially digested food) to tenter the small intestine
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| 3 sections of the small intestine: | duodenum (2"), jejunum(96"), ileum (132")
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| Bile and pancreatic juice are delivered here: | duodenum
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| The appendix extends from the: | cecum
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| This connects the ileum and colon: | cecum
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| How long is the colon? | 60"
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| The 4 divisions of the colon: | ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid
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| These ducts deliver bile from liver to gallbladder: | hepatic and cystic duct
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| This organ produces bile: | liver
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| This organ stores and delivers bile to duodenum via common bile duct: | gallbladder
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| What is the primary function of bile? | to emulsify fat
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| Peritoneum | serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity and maintains organs in correct anatomic position
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| The path of food through the digestive tract: | mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, anus
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| Anastomosis | surgical connection of two tubular structures
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| Biliary | refers to gallbladder, bile, bile duct
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| Cholangiography | radiographic recording of bile ducts
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| Cholecystectomy | surgical removal of gallbladder
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| Cholecystoenterostomy | creation of a connection between gallbladder and intestine
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| A colonoscopy may also include part of the: | terminal ileum
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| Colostomy | artificial opening between colon and abdominal wall
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| Diverticulum | protrusion in wall of an organ
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| Dysphagia | difficulty swallowing
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| Enterolysis | releasing of adhesions of intestine
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| Eventration | protrusion of bowel through and opening in abdomen
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| Evisceration | pulling viscera outside of the body through an incision
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| Exstrophy | condition in which an organ is turned inside out
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| Fulguration | use of electric current to destroy tissue
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| Gastroplasty | operation on stomach to repair reconfiguration
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| Gastrostomy | artificial opening between stomach and abdominal wall
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| Hernia | organ or tissue protruding through wall or cavity that usually contains it
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| Ileostomy | artificial opening between ileum and abdominal wall
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| Imbrication | overlapping
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| Incarcerated Hernia | constricted, irreducible hernia that may cause obstruction of an intestine
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| Intussusception | slipping of one part of intestine into another part
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| Jejunostomy | artificial opening between jejunum and abdominal wall
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| Laparoscopy | exploration of the abdomen and pelvic cavities using a scope placed through a small incision in abdominal wall
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| Lithotripsy | crushing of a stone using sound wave or force
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| Hiatal hernia | protrusion of any structure through esophageal hiatus of diaphragm (AKA paraesophageal hernia)
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| Proctosigmoidoscopy | fiberscopic examination of sigmoid colon and rectum
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| Sialolithotomy | removal of stone of salivary gland or duct
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| Varices | varicose veins
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| Volvulus | twisted section of intestine
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| This ulceration of oral mucosa is caused by herpes simplex virus: | canker sore
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| An aphthous ulcer or aphthous stomatitis is also known as: | canker sore
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| Thrush | oral candidiasis (infection caused by fungus)
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| Cold sores are caused by: | herpes simplex virus 1
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| Another name for herpetic stomatitis: | cold sore
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| Most common type of oral cancer: | squamous cell carcinoma
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| This type of oral cancer is commonly seen in AIDS patients: | Kaposi's sarcoma
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| The atrophy of smooth muscles of lower esophagus, causing LES to not close properly: | scleroderma
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| LES | lower esophageal sphincter
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| Hiatal hernia: | esophagus passes through diaphragm at hiatus; part of stomach protrudes through opening in diaphragm into thorax
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| 2 types of hiatal hernia: | sliding, paraesophageal (rolling)
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| GERD | reflux of gastric contents
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| Gastritis | inflammation of stomach mucosa
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| 2 Types of gastritis: | Acute superficial, chronic atrophic
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| This type of chronic atrophic gastritis is atrophic or fundal: | Type A
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| This type of chronic atrophic gastritis is antral: | Type B
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| Peptic Ulcer | erosive area on mucosa
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| Pyloric Stenosis | narrowing of the pyloric sphincter
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| Celiac disease | villi atrophy in response to food containing gluten and lose ability to absorb
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| This enzyme deficiency is secondary to gastrointestinal damage: | lactase deficiency
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| This is the most common type of intestinal ulcer: | duodenal ulcer
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| Meckel's Diverticulum | an appendage of ileum near cecum derived from unobliterated yolk stalk in fetal development
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| 3 types of intestinal obstruction: | nonmechanical (trauma), mechanical (tumors, hernias), diverticulosis (twisted or telescoping bowel)
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| Diverticulosis | herniation of intestinal mucosa
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| Diverticulitis | inflammation of intestinal mucosa
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| Ulcerative Collitis | inflammation of rectum that progresses to sigmoid colon
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| Jaundice | (hyperbilirubinemia) yellow eyes and skin - symptom of biliary disease,not disease
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| Prehepatic Hyperbilirubinemia | excess destruction of red blood cells
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| Intrahepatic Hyperbilirubinemia | impaired uptake of bilirubin and decreased blending of bilirubin by hepatic cells
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| Posthepatic Hyperbilirubinemia | excess bile flows into the blood
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| This type of hepatitis is transmitted via the oral-fecal route and is known as infectious hepatitis: | Hepatitis A
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| This type of hepatitis is contagious but asymptomatic and is known as serum hepatitis: | Hepatitis B
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| This type of hepatitis is usually transmitted through transfusion and half the cases develop into chronic hepatitis: | Hepatitis C
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| What does nonviral hepatitis result from? | hepatotoxins
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| Cirrhosis | profuse liver damage
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| 3 types of cirrhosis: | alcoholic liver, biliary, postnecrotic
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| Laennec's Portal is also known as: | alcoholic liver
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| This type of cirrhosis is associated with Hepatitis A or C and exposure to toxins: | postnecrotic cirrhosis
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| Cholecystitis | inflammation of gallbladder and cystic duct
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| Cholangitis | inflammation of bile duct
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| Cholelithiasis | formation of gallstones
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| Gallstones occur most often in those with high levels of: | cholesterol, calcium, bile salts
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| what does pancreatitis result from? | digestive enzymes attacking pancreas
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| ARDS is a potential complication of this digestive disorder: | pancreatitis
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