CPC Study - Nervous System
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| The brain and spinal cord make up the: | Central Nervous System
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| The cranial and spinal nerves make up the: | Peripheral Nervous System
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| The PNS is divided into these two systems: | Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems
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| The involuntary motor and sensory nerves of viscera make up the: | Autonomic Nervous System
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| The motor and sensory nerves of skeletal muscles make up the: | Somatic Nervous System
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| Primary cells of nervous system: | neurons
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| Afferent Neurons | sensory cells
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| Efferent Neurons | motor cells
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| Interneurons | associational cells
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| This part of a neuron receives signals: | dendrites
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| This part of a neuron contains the nucleus: | cell body
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| This part of a neuron carries signals from cell body: | axon
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| This part of a neuron provides insulation around axon: | myelin sheath
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| These are the secondary cells of the nervous system: | glia
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| 4 types of glia: | astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal
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| These star-shaped glia transport water and salts between capillaries and neurons: | astrocytes
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| These multiple-branching processes protect neurons from inflammation: | microglia
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| These glia form the myelin sheath of a neuron: | oligodendrocytes
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| These glia make up the lining membrane of brain and spinal cord where central spinal fluid circulates: | Ependymal
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| The brain is made up of these 4 main parts: | brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebrum
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| The brainstem is made up of these 3 parts: | medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain
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| This is the center of respiratory and cardiovascular systems: | medulla oblongata
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| This contains the hypothalamus and thalamus: | diencephalon
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| This controls the autonomic nervous system, body temperature, sleep, appetite and pituitary | hypothalamus
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| This relays impulses to cerebral cortex for sensory system (pain) | thalamus
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| This controls voluntary movement and balance: | cerebellum
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| This is the largest part of the brain: | cerebrum
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| This controls the mental processes, personality, sensory interpretation, movements and memory | cerebrum
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| The lobes of the brain: | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular
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| How many vertebrae are there? | 33
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| Name the 5 divisions of the vertebral column and the number of vertebrae in each: | 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacrum (fused in adults), 4 coccygeal (fused in adults)
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| 3 layers of meninges: | dura mater (external), arachnoid mater, pia mater (internal)
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| What is the primary function of the meninges? | to protect the central nervous system
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| Types of nerves in the PNS and pairs of nerves in each: | 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves
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| Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System: | sympathetic system, parasympathetic system
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| This system functions in fight or flight: | sympathetic system
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| This system functions to restore and conserve energy: | parasympathetic system
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| Craniectomy | permanent, partial removal of skull
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| Craniotomy | opening of the skull
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| Discectomy | removal of vertebral disc
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| Laminectomy | surgical excision of posterior arch of vertebra - includes spinal process
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| Electroencephalography | recording of the electric currents of the brain by means of electrodes attached to the scalp
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| Shunt | artificial passage
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| Sensory or motor nerve: | somatic nerve
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| This type of nerve controls automatic body function: | sympathetic nerve
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| Trephination | surgical removal of a disk of bone (Burr hole)
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| This is the most common type of dementia: | Alzheimer's Disease
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| Vascular dementia is a result of: | brain infarctions (vascular occlusion resulting in loss of brain function)
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| What behavior is Nutritional Degenerative Disease associated with? | alcoholism
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| What is the common name for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? | Lou Gehrig's Disease
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| This disease is a deterioration of neurons of spinal cord and brain, resulting in atrophy of muscles and loss of motor skills and is usually fatal in 2 to 5 years: | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
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| This is an inherited progressive atrophy of cerebrum: | Huntington's Disease (Chorea)
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| This disease is caused by a genetic defect of chromosome 4, is incurable and it's primary symptoms are restlessness, rapid, jerky movements in arm and face, rigidity: | Huntington's Disease
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| A disorder of the brain caused by a decreased secretion of dopamine: | Parkinson's Disease
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| This is the demyelination of CNS - replaced by sclerotic tissue: | Multiple Sclerosis
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| Autoimmune neuromuscular condition where antibodies block neurotransmission to muscle cells causing muscle weakness: | Myasthenia Gravis
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| What does Tourette Syndrome begin with? | twitching eyelids and facial muscles
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| This contagious viral disease causes paralysis and respiratory failure: | Poliomyelitis
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| PPS is also known as Postpolio Syndrome and also: | Postpoliomyelitis neuromuscular atrophy
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| 3 other names for Guillain-Barre Syndrome: | idiopathic polyneuritis, acute inflammatory polyneuropathy, Landry's ascending paralysis
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| List 12 Dementias: | Alzheimer's Disease, vascular dementia, nutritional degenerative disease, ALS, Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, MS, MG, Tourette Syndrome, Poliomyelitis, PPS, Guillain-Barre Syndrome
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| List 2 Congenital Neurologic Disorders: | Hydrocephalus, Spina Bifida
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| This is excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid circulating in ventricles of brain: | Hydrocephalus
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| Birth defect which causes incomplete development of spinal cord and its coverings: | Spina Bifida
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| 2 Types of Spina Bifida: | Spina Bifida Occulta (no protrusion through defect), Spina Bifida Manifesta (includes myelomeningocele and meningocele)
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| What is Myelomeningocele? | meninges and spinal cord protrude through defect (spina bifida cystica)
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| What is Meningocele? | meninges herniated through defect
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| symptoms of this mental disorder include delusions of persecution or grandeur, disorganized thought, repetitive behaviors, loss of emotions, hallucinations: | Schizophrenia
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| Name 6 Vascular Disorders of the CNS: | transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, aneurysm, encephalitis, Reye's Syndrome, brain abscess
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| A temporary reduction of blood flow to brain producing strokelike symptoms but no lasting damage: | transient ischemic attack
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| This is an infarction of brain due to lack of blood/oxygen flow: | CVA (Stroke)
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| 3 causes of a stroke: | atherosclerotic disease (thrombus), embolus, hemorrhage (arterial aneurysm)
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| A stroke resulting in high ICP, widespread damage and possibly death is caused by: | hemorrhage
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| 3 underlying conditions treated after a stroke: | hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombus
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| What is a cerebral aneurysm? | dilation of an artery
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| This is an (often viral) infection of parenchymal tissue of brain or spinal cord: | encephalitis
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| 4 types of encephalitis | Herpes simplex, Lyme disease, West Nile fever, Western equine
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| This disease causes fatty liver and severe encephalopathy: | Reye's Syndrome
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| What is a brain abscess? | localized infection or necrosis of brain tissue
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| Another name for partial seizures? | focal seizures
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| Another name for absence seizures? | petit mal
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| This type of general seizure is also known as a gran mal seizure or an ictal event: | tonic-clonic
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| 4 locations of hematomas associated with head injury: | epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracerebral
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| 5 classifications of vertebra injuries: | simple, compression, comminuted, dislocation, flexion
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| 4 types of gliomas: | glioblastoma, oligodendrocytoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma
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| Glioblastoma | malignant tumor located deep in the white matter of cerebral hemispheres
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| Oligodendrocytoma | malignant tumor located in frontal lobes of brain
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| Ependymoma | malignant tumor located in ventricles and is most common in children
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| Astrocytoma | invasive but slow-growing malignant tumor in brain and spinal cord
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| 4 types of pineal tumors: | germ cell tumor, pineocytoma, teratoma, germinoma
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| Where is an angioma usually located? | posterior cerebral hemispheres
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| Where is a hemangioblastoma located? | cerebellum
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| Where is a medulloblastoma located? | posterior cerebellar vermis (fourth ventricle roof)
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| Where does a meningioma originate? | arachnoid
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| What type of tumor is a macroadenoma? | pituitary tumor
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| Neurilemmomas are most commonly found on this cranial nerve: | VIII
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| Where does an intramedullary spinal cord tumor originate? | neural tissue
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| Where does an extramedullary spinal cord tumor originate? | outside the spinal cord
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| The 2 most common types of primary extramedullary tumors: | meningioma, neurofibroma
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| This gland is located at the base of the brain in a depression in the the skull: | pituitary gland
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| Left side of the body is controlled by: | right cerebrum
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| Right side of the body is controlled by: | left cerebrum
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| Cranial Nerve I controls: | smell
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| Cranial Nerve II controls: | sight
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| Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI control: | eye movement
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| Cranial Nerve V controls: | chewing
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| Cranial Nerve VII controls: | facial expression
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| Cranial Nerve VIII controls: | hearing
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| Cranial Nerve IX, (with help from X) controls: | taste
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| Cranial Nerve X controls: | voice
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| Cranial Nerve XI controls: | head movement
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| Cranial Nerve XII controls: | tongue
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