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CPC-NervousSystem
CPC Study - Nervous System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The brain and spinal cord make up the: | Central Nervous System |
| The cranial and spinal nerves make up the: | Peripheral Nervous System |
| The PNS is divided into these two systems: | Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems |
| The involuntary motor and sensory nerves of viscera make up the: | Autonomic Nervous System |
| The motor and sensory nerves of skeletal muscles make up the: | Somatic Nervous System |
| Primary cells of nervous system: | neurons |
| Afferent Neurons | sensory cells |
| Efferent Neurons | motor cells |
| Interneurons | associational cells |
| This part of a neuron receives signals: | dendrites |
| This part of a neuron contains the nucleus: | cell body |
| This part of a neuron carries signals from cell body: | axon |
| This part of a neuron provides insulation around axon: | myelin sheath |
| These are the secondary cells of the nervous system: | glia |
| 4 types of glia: | astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes, ependymal |
| These star-shaped glia transport water and salts between capillaries and neurons: | astrocytes |
| These multiple-branching processes protect neurons from inflammation: | microglia |
| These glia form the myelin sheath of a neuron: | oligodendrocytes |
| These glia make up the lining membrane of brain and spinal cord where central spinal fluid circulates: | Ependymal |
| The brain is made up of these 4 main parts: | brainstem, diencephalon, cerebellum, cerebrum |
| The brainstem is made up of these 3 parts: | medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain |
| This is the center of respiratory and cardiovascular systems: | medulla oblongata |
| This contains the hypothalamus and thalamus: | diencephalon |
| This controls the autonomic nervous system, body temperature, sleep, appetite and pituitary | hypothalamus |
| This relays impulses to cerebral cortex for sensory system (pain) | thalamus |
| This controls voluntary movement and balance: | cerebellum |
| This is the largest part of the brain: | cerebrum |
| This controls the mental processes, personality, sensory interpretation, movements and memory | cerebrum |
| The lobes of the brain: | frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, insular |
| How many vertebrae are there? | 33 |
| Name the 5 divisions of the vertebral column and the number of vertebrae in each: | 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacrum (fused in adults), 4 coccygeal (fused in adults) |
| 3 layers of meninges: | dura mater (external), arachnoid mater, pia mater (internal) |
| What is the primary function of the meninges? | to protect the central nervous system |
| Types of nerves in the PNS and pairs of nerves in each: | 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
| Divisions of Autonomic Nervous System: | sympathetic system, parasympathetic system |
| This system functions in fight or flight: | sympathetic system |
| This system functions to restore and conserve energy: | parasympathetic system |
| Craniectomy | permanent, partial removal of skull |
| Craniotomy | opening of the skull |
| Discectomy | removal of vertebral disc |
| Laminectomy | surgical excision of posterior arch of vertebra - includes spinal process |
| Electroencephalography | recording of the electric currents of the brain by means of electrodes attached to the scalp |
| Shunt | artificial passage |
| Sensory or motor nerve: | somatic nerve |
| This type of nerve controls automatic body function: | sympathetic nerve |
| Trephination | surgical removal of a disk of bone (Burr hole) |
| This is the most common type of dementia: | Alzheimer's Disease |
| Vascular dementia is a result of: | brain infarctions (vascular occlusion resulting in loss of brain function) |
| What behavior is Nutritional Degenerative Disease associated with? | alcoholism |
| What is the common name for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis? | Lou Gehrig's Disease |
| This disease is a deterioration of neurons of spinal cord and brain, resulting in atrophy of muscles and loss of motor skills and is usually fatal in 2 to 5 years: | Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis |
| This is an inherited progressive atrophy of cerebrum: | Huntington's Disease (Chorea) |
| This disease is caused by a genetic defect of chromosome 4, is incurable and it's primary symptoms are restlessness, rapid, jerky movements in arm and face, rigidity: | Huntington's Disease |
| A disorder of the brain caused by a decreased secretion of dopamine: | Parkinson's Disease |
| This is the demyelination of CNS - replaced by sclerotic tissue: | Multiple Sclerosis |
| Autoimmune neuromuscular condition where antibodies block neurotransmission to muscle cells causing muscle weakness: | Myasthenia Gravis |
| What does Tourette Syndrome begin with? | twitching eyelids and facial muscles |
| This contagious viral disease causes paralysis and respiratory failure: | Poliomyelitis |
| PPS is also known as Postpolio Syndrome and also: | Postpoliomyelitis neuromuscular atrophy |
| 3 other names for Guillain-Barre Syndrome: | idiopathic polyneuritis, acute inflammatory polyneuropathy, Landry's ascending paralysis |
| List 12 Dementias: | Alzheimer's Disease, vascular dementia, nutritional degenerative disease, ALS, Huntington's Disease, Parkinson's Disease, MS, MG, Tourette Syndrome, Poliomyelitis, PPS, Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
| List 2 Congenital Neurologic Disorders: | Hydrocephalus, Spina Bifida |
| This is excessive amounts of cerebrospinal fluid circulating in ventricles of brain: | Hydrocephalus |
| Birth defect which causes incomplete development of spinal cord and its coverings: | Spina Bifida |
| 2 Types of Spina Bifida: | Spina Bifida Occulta (no protrusion through defect), Spina Bifida Manifesta (includes myelomeningocele and meningocele) |
| What is Myelomeningocele? | meninges and spinal cord protrude through defect (spina bifida cystica) |
| What is Meningocele? | meninges herniated through defect |
| symptoms of this mental disorder include delusions of persecution or grandeur, disorganized thought, repetitive behaviors, loss of emotions, hallucinations: | Schizophrenia |
| Name 6 Vascular Disorders of the CNS: | transient ischemic attack, cerebrovascular accident, aneurysm, encephalitis, Reye's Syndrome, brain abscess |
| A temporary reduction of blood flow to brain producing strokelike symptoms but no lasting damage: | transient ischemic attack |
| This is an infarction of brain due to lack of blood/oxygen flow: | CVA (Stroke) |
| 3 causes of a stroke: | atherosclerotic disease (thrombus), embolus, hemorrhage (arterial aneurysm) |
| A stroke resulting in high ICP, widespread damage and possibly death is caused by: | hemorrhage |
| 3 underlying conditions treated after a stroke: | hypertension, atherosclerosis, thrombus |
| What is a cerebral aneurysm? | dilation of an artery |
| This is an (often viral) infection of parenchymal tissue of brain or spinal cord: | encephalitis |
| 4 types of encephalitis | Herpes simplex, Lyme disease, West Nile fever, Western equine |
| This disease causes fatty liver and severe encephalopathy: | Reye's Syndrome |
| What is a brain abscess? | localized infection or necrosis of brain tissue |
| Another name for partial seizures? | focal seizures |
| Another name for absence seizures? | petit mal |
| This type of general seizure is also known as a gran mal seizure or an ictal event: | tonic-clonic |
| 4 locations of hematomas associated with head injury: | epidural, subdural, subarachnoid, intracerebral |
| 5 classifications of vertebra injuries: | simple, compression, comminuted, dislocation, flexion |
| 4 types of gliomas: | glioblastoma, oligodendrocytoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma |
| Glioblastoma | malignant tumor located deep in the white matter of cerebral hemispheres |
| Oligodendrocytoma | malignant tumor located in frontal lobes of brain |
| Ependymoma | malignant tumor located in ventricles and is most common in children |
| Astrocytoma | invasive but slow-growing malignant tumor in brain and spinal cord |
| 4 types of pineal tumors: | germ cell tumor, pineocytoma, teratoma, germinoma |
| Where is an angioma usually located? | posterior cerebral hemispheres |
| Where is a hemangioblastoma located? | cerebellum |
| Where is a medulloblastoma located? | posterior cerebellar vermis (fourth ventricle roof) |
| Where does a meningioma originate? | arachnoid |
| What type of tumor is a macroadenoma? | pituitary tumor |
| Neurilemmomas are most commonly found on this cranial nerve: | VIII |
| Where does an intramedullary spinal cord tumor originate? | neural tissue |
| Where does an extramedullary spinal cord tumor originate? | outside the spinal cord |
| The 2 most common types of primary extramedullary tumors: | meningioma, neurofibroma |
| This gland is located at the base of the brain in a depression in the the skull: | pituitary gland |
| Left side of the body is controlled by: | right cerebrum |
| Right side of the body is controlled by: | left cerebrum |
| Cranial Nerve I controls: | smell |
| Cranial Nerve II controls: | sight |
| Cranial Nerves III, IV, VI control: | eye movement |
| Cranial Nerve V controls: | chewing |
| Cranial Nerve VII controls: | facial expression |
| Cranial Nerve VIII controls: | hearing |
| Cranial Nerve IX, (with help from X) controls: | taste |
| Cranial Nerve X controls: | voice |
| Cranial Nerve XI controls: | head movement |
| Cranial Nerve XII controls: | tongue |
Created by:
dropgallow
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