female reproductive system
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| female reproductive system | Reproduction is the purpose,sustains pregnancy
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| coitis or copulation | sexual intercourse
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| Climacteric | menopause
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| external genitalia | mons pubis, labia minora, vestibule, urinary meatus, vaginal orifice,bartholin’s glands, perineum known as vulva and pudendum
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| Mons pubis | fatty tissue that covers and cushions the symphysis pubis
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| Labia majora | 2 folds of skin containing fatty tissue covered with hair that are on either side of vaginal opening extends from mons pubis to perineum
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| Labia minora | 2 thin folds of tissue from clitoris to perineum
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| Fourchette | point where labia minora comes together
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| Vestibule | oval shaped area between labia minora
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| Bartholins glands | 2 small mucous secreting glands that lubricate vagina
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| Clitoris | short elongated organ composed of erectile tissue
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| Hymen | thin layer of elastic connective tissue membrane imperforate would completely cover vaginal opening
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| Perineum | area between vaginal orifice and anus contains muscular and fibrous tissue and supports pelvic structures
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| Episiotomy | incision made to enlarge vaginal opening for delivery
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| internal genitalia | vagina,uterus,fallopian tubes,ovaries
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| vagina | muscular tube that connects uterus with vulva between bladder and rectum part of birth canal expands during child birth female organ of sexual intercourse passageway for menstrual flow
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| uterus(womb) | pear shaped hollow muscular shaped organ that houses the fertilized implanted ovum as it develops throughout pregnancy and source of menstrual flow if no pregnancy has 3 portions
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| fundus | small dome shaped portion of uterus that rises above area where fallopian tubes wnter uterus
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| body | part of uterus that is the wider central part near the bladder
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| cervix | part of uterus narrower neck like portion at lower end
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| wall of uterus | has 3 layers
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| perimetrium | outer serous membrane layer
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| myometrium | middle muscular layer
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| endometrium | inner layer highly vascular that builds up each month in anticipation of recieving fertilized egg shed if there is no pregnancy
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| internal cervical os | 2 lowere segments of uterus strictures or openings that separate body of uterus from cervix
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| external cervical os | at lower end of cervical canal open into vagina
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| fallopian tubes(uterine tubes ovi ducts) | passage way for ova as they exit ovary to uterus where fertilization takes place
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| fimbriae | fingerlike projections fringe like end of falopian tube
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| Ovaries | female sex cells female gonads almond shaped and held in place by ligaments produce mature ova or eggs and release them at monthly intervals ovulation produce hormones for normal growth and development of female maintain pregnancy
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| Breasts(mammary glands) | consist of glandular tissue with supporting fatty tissue nd fibrous connective tissue and are covered with skin accessory organs that produce milk to nourish the infant
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| nipple | center of each breast consists of sensitive erectile tissue
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| areola | darker pigmented area surrounding nipple
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| Montgomery's tubercules or glands | small sebaceous glands active only during pregnancy and lactation p[roduce substance to keep nipple soft and prevent dryness and cracking during nursing
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| lactiferous ducts | network of passageways or narrow tubular structures milk travels through
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| pelvimetry | measurment of pelvis determines of head of fetus can pass through bony pelvis during delivery
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| pelvic ultrasound | measurement of pelvis determined in early part of pregnancy
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| x-ray pelvimetry | late in pregnancy or during labor for more precise measurements
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| puberty | period of life at which the ability to reproduce and secondary sex characteristics begin to develop
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| menarche | first menstrual period
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| menstrual cycle(female reproductive cycle) | influenced by estrogen and progesterone regular occuring set of changes that occur in female body in preparation for pregnancy
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| menses | menstrual flow lasts 3-5 days 24-35 days range current to following month
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| ovulation | release of mature ovu,m feom ovary 14 days prior to menses
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| menstrual cycke phases | day 1-5 menstrual phase 6-12 postmenstrual phase 13-14-ovulatory phase 15-28 premenstrual phase
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| menstrual phase | menstrual phase occurs 1 day and lasts 3-5 days
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| postmenstrual phase(proliferative phase) | intercal between menses and ovulation estrogen levels rise then several ova begin to mature in graafian follicles usually only 1 ovum reaches full maturity
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| Ovulatory phase | graffian follicle ruptures and releases mature ovum into pelvic cavity ovum into fallopian tubes
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| premenstrual phase(secretory phase) | between ovulatory phase and onset of menstrual flow empty graffian follicle fills with yellow substance called lutein graffian follicle turns into corpus luteum
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| corpus luteum | secretes high levels of estrogen and progesterone preparinig uterine lining to recieve fertilized ovum with no fertilization hormones decrease and it shrinks
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| premenstual syndrome | drop in hormone levels creates group of symptoms including irritability, fluid retention, breast tenderness, feeling of depression
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| adnexa | tissues or structures not next to or near each other
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| cervix | part of uterus that protrudes into cavity of vagina neck of uterus
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| climacteric | menopause
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| clitoris | vaginal erectile tissue corresponding to male penis
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| corpus luteum | yellowish mass that forms within ruptures ovarian follicle after ovulation containing high levels of prgesterone and some estrogen
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| cul de sac | pouch between uterus and rectum within peritoneal cavity
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| diaphragm | form of contraception
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| endometrium | inner lining of uterus
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| estrogen | female hormone female secondary sex characteristics
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| fallopian tubes | tubes opening at 1 end into uterus and other end into peritoneal cavity over ovary
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| fertilization | union of male sperm and female ovum
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| fourchette | tense band of mucous membranes
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| gamete | mature sperm or ovum
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| graafian follicles | mature fully developed ovarian cyst containing ripe ovum
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| lumpectomy | surgical removal of only tumor amd immediate adjacent breast tissue
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| meatus | opening or tunnel
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| myometrum | muscular layer of uterine wall
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| orifice | entrance or outlet of body cavity
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| pregnancy | perios of intrauterine development of fetus from conception through birth 40 weeks gestational period
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| progesterone | changes that occur in endometrium in anticipation of fertilized ovum and development of maternal placenta
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| arche | beginning
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| menorrhagia | abnormally long or very heavy menstual periods
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| metrorrhagiauterine | bleeding at times other that menstrual period
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| oligomenorrhea | abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
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| olig/o | few,little,scanty
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| abstinence | no intercourse until marriage
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| oral contraceptives | contain synthetic frorms of estrogen and progesterone taken by mouth
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| depo-provera injection | injectable form of birth control every 12 weeks
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| intrauterine device(IUD) | small plastic t dhaped object with strings attached to leg of T inserted into uterus through vagina and stays in uterus
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| patch | patch that delivers homones continuously through skin into bold stream for 7 days
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| ring | ring placed in vagina and slowly releases low doses of hormones once a month stays in for 3 weeks
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| barrier methods | barriers between cervix and sperm jellies or creams condoms which are thin latex sheets diaphgrams-flexible circular rubber disks that are inserted through vagina and fit over cervix
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| tubal ligation | surgically cutting or tying the fallopian tubes permanent birth control
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| minilaparotomy | small incision into abdomen
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| micro-insert system | alternative to tubal ligation that provides bilateral occlusion of fallopian tubes by inserting a soft flexible micro insert into each fallopian tube takes 3 months to work
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| vasectomy | surgically cutting and tying vas deferens
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| carcinoma of breast | malignant tumor of breast tissue most common type is ductal carcinoma that originates in the mammary ducts
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| mastectomy | removal of just the breasts
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| modified radical mastectomy | breast and lymph nodes in axilla(armpit) removed
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| radical mastectomy | breast,chest muscles on affected side and lymph nodes in axilla are removed
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| reconstructive breast surgery | implants and tissue transplanted form one part of body such as hips or thighs to breast
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| cervical carcinoma | malignant tumor of the cervix abnormal papsmear and bleeding between menstrual periods and after sexual intercourse or menopause slow progressing
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| papanicolaou smear(pap smear) | detects early changes in cervical tissue that could indicate cervical cancer obtaining scrapings from cervix and examining them under a microscope to detect abnormalities in the cervical tissue tissue biopsy would confirm the cancer
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| cervicitis | acute or chronic inflammation of cervix vaginal discharge pelvic pain or pressure bleeding itcing,burning pap smear
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| cervical erosion | leokorrhea- white or yellowish mucous discharge from vagina pap smear cryosurgery used
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| cystocele | herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina
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| endometrial carcinoma(adenocarcinoma of uterus) | malignant tumor of lining of uterus during or after menopause abnormal uterine bleeding endometrial biopsy or dilation and curettage remove uterus fallopian tubes ovaries
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| dilation | enlarge cervical opening
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| curettage | scraping tissue cells from uterine lining for sampling
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| Total abdominal hysterectomy(TAH) complete hysterectomy | removal of uterus,fallopian tubes,ovaries
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| endometriosis | presence and growth of endometrial tissue in areas outside endometrium(lining of uterus)
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| ectopic | out of place
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| fibrocystic breast disease | presence of single or multiple fluid filled cysts felt in the breasts benign but biopsy may be done
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| fibroid tumor | benign fibrous tumor of uterus
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| leiomyoma | benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus often mislabeled as fibroid tumors occur in premenopausal women
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| ovarian carcinoma | malignant tumor of ovaries not usually detected early
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| ovarian cysts | benign sacs(cysts) that form on or near the ovaries
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| pelvic inflammatory disease(salpingitis) | inflammation of the fallopian tubes starts with cervical infection that spreads fever,chills,malaise, tender abdomen, back pain, foul smelling vaginal discharge,elevated white blood cell count diagnosis through specimen of uterine secretions cause of inf
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| stress incontinence urinary | inability to hold urine when bladder is stressed by sneezing,coughing, laughing,lifting
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| vaginitis | inflammation of vagina and vulva disturbance of normal flora or pH of vagina 3 common types are candidiasis, trichomoniasis,bacterial vaginosis
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| aspiration biopsy | invasive procedure in which a needle is inserted into an area of the body such as the breast to withdraw a tissue or fluid sample for microscopic examination and diagnosis
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| breast self examination | woman examines her breasts and surrounding tissue for any changes that could be malignant
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| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope should be done if pap smear shows abnormal cells
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| dysplasia | abnormal cells
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| cone biopsy(conization) | surgical removal of cone shaped segment of cervix for diagnosis or treatment when there is lesion or abnormal tissue
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| endocervix | inner lining of cervical canal
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| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue by rapid freezing with substances such as liquid nitrogen
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| culdocentesis | surgical puncture through posterior wall of vagina into cul-de-sac to withdraw uses intraperitoneal fluid for examination culdoscope is used and needle is inserted to take fluid for examination
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| dilation and curettage(D&C) | dilation or widening of the cervical canal with a dilator followed by scraping of the uterine lining with a curet
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| endometrial biopsy | invasive test for obtaining a sample of endometrial tissue with a small curet for examination
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| hysterosalpingography | x-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes by injecting contrast material into those structures
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| laparoscopy | process of viewing the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope
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| laparoscope | a thin walled flexible tube with a telescopic lens and light
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| loop electrosurgical excision procedure(LEEP) | procedure used to remove abnormal cells from surface of cervix using thin wire loop that acts like a scalpel
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| mammography | examining soft tissue of breast through x-ray to detect benign or malignant growths before they are felt
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| craniocaudal | top to bottom
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| mediolateral | side to side
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| papinicolaou (pap) smear | diagnostic test for cervical canver microscopic examination of cells scraped from cervix also includes palpatation of of femal internal organs
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| ectocervix | around cervix
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| posterior vaginal area | near the cervix
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| Bethesda 2001 system | method or reporting cervical endocervical and vaginal cytology specimens 2 categories- negative for intraepithelial lesion or malignancy and epithilial cell abnormality
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| liquid based pap(LBP) | process of collecting a tissue sample from the endocervix and exocervix with sampling device that is placed directly into liquid fixative instead of being placed on slide
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| pelvic ultrasound | non-invasive procedure that uses high frequency sound waves to examine the abdomen and pelvis
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| oscilloscope | transforms electrical impulses into visual images
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| transvaginal ultrasound | clearer image than pelvic ultrasound
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| pelvimetry | process of measuring female pelvis manually or by x-ray to determine its adequacy for child bearing
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| x-ray pelvimetry | x-ray that determines dimensions of pelvis of pregnant woman performed when there is doubt that head of fetus can safely pass through pelvis during labor
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