Kellogg pg 87-93
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| Which Kellogg technique consists of blows administered in various ways and with varying degrees of force | Percussion
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| How many hands are used during percussion and in what manner? | Two hands are used in alteration
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| Which joint is movement coming from during percussion? | The wrist
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| Using the wrist joint during percussion gives the blow the quality of ... | Elasticity
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| The hand should strike the body __________ with relation to the muscles | transversely
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| The effect of percussion is increased by ... | placing the muscles on a stretch
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| Kellogg states that percussion can be applied by ... | 1. Rubber balls attached to reed or whalebone rods
2. Elastic rubber tubes attached to a handle
3. Muscle Beater of Klemm
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| The 5 basic percussion procedures are | 1. Tapping
2. Clapping
3. Hacking
4. Beating
5. Spatting
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| A form of beating in which the tops of the fingers alone are used | Tapping
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| How many fingers and hands are used during tapping? | Either one or all of the fingers of one or both hands can be used.
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| Where does Kellogg NOT use tapping? | on the extremities
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| Where does Kellogg suggest performing tapping | Head and chest
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| Percussion with the palm surface (pads or balls) of the extended fingers held rigid | Spatting
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| What is the most frequently used percussion technique? | Spatting
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| When should spatting be used? | Before application of other techniques when the surface is cold or when patient complains of chilly sensations
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| What is spatting also used in connection with? | Hydropathic applications to promote reaction
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| Where is spatting performed? | Most parts of the body
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| Whole hand is used with palmar surface shaped as to entrap the air as it comes in contact with the skin - producing a loud sound | Clapping
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| Where does Kellogg suggest performing clapping? | Used on fleshy parts for strong surface stimulation
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| The little finger (lateral) border of the hand alone comes in contact with skin | Hacking
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| Where does Kellogg suggest performing hacking? | Any body part, especially the chest, spine and head
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| What is hacking on the spine used for? | Sclerosis
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| What is hacking on the chest used for? | Pneumonia and chronic pleurisy
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| The body is struck by the palmar surface of the half-closed fist | Beating
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| What is a powerful means of stimulating the genitourinary system? | Beating
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| Patient stands upright, bending slight forward when beating is performed to this area | Sacrum
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| Where does Kellogg suggest performing beating? | Used for lower back and fleshy part of thighs
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| Percussion movements to the accessible reflex areas of the body | Reflex percussion
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| Reflex Percussion to the interscapular area is used for... | Spinal anemia
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| How would you treat spinal anemia? | Hacking or spatting area between the scapulae
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| Which nerves are affected by interscapular reflex percussion? | C6-C8 and T1
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| Reflex Percussion to the the epigastric area is used for... | Hypopepsia and motor insufficiency of the stomach
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| How would you treat hypopepsia and motor insufficiency of the stomach? | tapping, hacking, spatting or beating to the lateral sides of the chest between the 4th and 6th ribs
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| Which spinal nerves are affected by epigastric reflex percussion? | T5-T7
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| Reflex percussion to the abdominal area is used for... | Constipation
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| Ho would you treat constipation? | tapping, hacking, spatting, or clapping to the lateral sides of the rectus abdominus muscle in the mammary line (one side at a time)
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| Which spinal nerves are affected by abdominal reflex percussion? | T8-T12
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| What is the key point of reflex percussion to the abdominal area? | Stimulates general peristalsis (contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract
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| What is reflex percussion to the cremasteric area used for? | genitourinary weakness, loss of bladder and rectal tone
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| How would you treat genitourinary weakness and loss of bladder and rectal tone? | hacking to the medial (inner) portion of the thigh
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| Which nerves are stimulated by reflex percussion to the cremasteric area? | L1-L3
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| What is reflex percussion to the gluteal are used for? | loss of rectal and bladder tone, genitournary weakness, impotence or loss of sexual vigor
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| How would you treat impotence or loss of sexual vigor as well as loss of bladder and rectal tone and genitourinary weakness? | hacking, spatting, clapping, or beating to the fleshy portions of the hips
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| Which nerves are stimulated during reflex percussion to the gluteal area? | L4-L5
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| What is the key point to relfex percussion to the gluteal area? | Stimulates activity of the lower bowel when percussion is performed over the sacrum
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| What is reflex percussion to the plantar area used for? | loss of rectal and bladder tone, genitourinary weakness, and improve nerve innervations to the muscles of the lower extremities
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| How would you treat nerve innervations to the muscles of the lower extremities as well as loss of rectal and bladder tone, and genitourinary weakness? | spatting or hacking to the sole of the foot
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| Which nerves are stimulated by reflex percussion to the plantar area? | S1-S5
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| Percussion of the tendon of a muscle or muscle itself causes muscular contraction | Tendon reflexes
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| What does Kellogg suggest to do for best results when working on tendon reflexes? | Divert the clients attention
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| What are the principal points where tendon percussion is beneficially used? | Back of neck, wrist tendons, knee jerk, and ankle reflex
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| How should the client be positioned during tendon reflex of the back of the neck? | Client should be sitting with head flexed as far forward as possible.
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| How would you apply tendon reflex to the back of the neck? | Apply hacking from the vertebra prominence (C7) to the occiput
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| Which nerves are affected when applying tendon relfex to the the back of the neck? | C1-C4
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| How should the client be positioned during tendon reflex of the wrist tendons? | Hyperextend the client's wrist
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| How would you apply tendon reflex to the wrist? | Apply light tapping and hacking across the front of the wrist
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| Which nerves are stimulated by tendon reflex to the wrist? | C4-C8
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| How should the client be positioned to stimulate a knee jerk? | Cross legs and strike just below the patella with the tip of the middle finger using tapping or hacking transversely with the edge of the hand (unlar border)
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| Light tap on the tendon just below the patella causes... | the quadriceps to contract and move foot forward
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| Which nerves are stimulated by a knee jerk? | L1-L5
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| How should the client be positioned for ankle reflex? | Client is prone, leg is flexed about 90 degrees and pushing on the sole of the foot into dorsiflexion
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| How would you apply ankle reflex? | Apply tapping or hacking to stretched Achilles tendon cause calf muscles to contract and extend foot
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| Which nerves are stimulated by ankle reflex? | S1-S3
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| How do you perform point percussion? | Can place one finger firmly on the motor point and tap hand with the other hand
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| Why do you apply tapping or hacking at the motor points? | to stimulate muscle contraction
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| What is the main physiological effect of percussion? | Percussion is a powerful excitant, acting on the skin and tissues beneath.
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| How do you produce vasoconstriction of superficial vessels? | With short, light applications
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| How do you produce vasodilation of superficial vessels? | With strong, prolonged applications of light blows
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| What is the main physiological effect of reflex percussion? | Powerful means of stimulating nerve centers of the spinal cord
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| Which parts are especially acted upon during reflex percussion? | lumbar and sacral portions
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| Direct application of percussion to the spine is a powerful means of what? | Stimulating vasomotor centers and the nutritive functions of the viscera (splanchnic nerves)
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| Cervical Splanchnics that control circulation of the heart, stomach, and lungs affect which nerves? | C1-T4
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| Which nerves are affected by the splanchnics that control the vascular area of the intestines? | T2-L2
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| Which nerves are affected by the splanchnics that control circulation and through it nutrition and functions of genital organs? | S2-S3
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| Vibratory movements are produced by... | hacking and beating on the spine
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| Vibratory movements act most effectively on... | deep-seated structures, influencing the functions of all viscera of the trunk as well as genital organs
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| Point percussion produces powerful... | motor effects, inducing vigorous contraction of muscles to which the nerve working on innervates.
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| Percussion, especially spatting and clapping is used in connection with... | hydrotherapy
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| Therapeutic effect of percussion promotes relaxation after... | cold applications to the surface
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| Percussion is useful in all cases that need the... | skin to be stimulated, either for derivative effects or for direct influence on the skin
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| Percussion treats which conditions? | Jaundice, chronic sciatica, lumbago, coldness of extremities, pasive congestion of the liver and spleen, constipation
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| Hacking of the spine treats... | sclerosis (MS)
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| Hacking of the chest treats | unresolved pneumonia, adhesions from chronic pleurisy and promotes absorption of serous fluid into pleural cavity
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| What is a contraindication for percussion? | Hyperasthesia
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