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Percussion - Kellogg
Kellogg pg 87-93
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Which Kellogg technique consists of blows administered in various ways and with varying degrees of force | Percussion |
| How many hands are used during percussion and in what manner? | Two hands are used in alteration |
| Which joint is movement coming from during percussion? | The wrist |
| Using the wrist joint during percussion gives the blow the quality of ... | Elasticity |
| The hand should strike the body __________ with relation to the muscles | transversely |
| The effect of percussion is increased by ... | placing the muscles on a stretch |
| Kellogg states that percussion can be applied by ... | 1. Rubber balls attached to reed or whalebone rods 2. Elastic rubber tubes attached to a handle 3. Muscle Beater of Klemm |
| The 5 basic percussion procedures are | 1. Tapping 2. Clapping 3. Hacking 4. Beating 5. Spatting |
| A form of beating in which the tops of the fingers alone are used | Tapping |
| How many fingers and hands are used during tapping? | Either one or all of the fingers of one or both hands can be used. |
| Where does Kellogg NOT use tapping? | on the extremities |
| Where does Kellogg suggest performing tapping | Head and chest |
| Percussion with the palm surface (pads or balls) of the extended fingers held rigid | Spatting |
| What is the most frequently used percussion technique? | Spatting |
| When should spatting be used? | Before application of other techniques when the surface is cold or when patient complains of chilly sensations |
| What is spatting also used in connection with? | Hydropathic applications to promote reaction |
| Where is spatting performed? | Most parts of the body |
| Whole hand is used with palmar surface shaped as to entrap the air as it comes in contact with the skin - producing a loud sound | Clapping |
| Where does Kellogg suggest performing clapping? | Used on fleshy parts for strong surface stimulation |
| The little finger (lateral) border of the hand alone comes in contact with skin | Hacking |
| Where does Kellogg suggest performing hacking? | Any body part, especially the chest, spine and head |
| What is hacking on the spine used for? | Sclerosis |
| What is hacking on the chest used for? | Pneumonia and chronic pleurisy |
| The body is struck by the palmar surface of the half-closed fist | Beating |
| What is a powerful means of stimulating the genitourinary system? | Beating |
| Patient stands upright, bending slight forward when beating is performed to this area | Sacrum |
| Where does Kellogg suggest performing beating? | Used for lower back and fleshy part of thighs |
| Percussion movements to the accessible reflex areas of the body | Reflex percussion |
| Reflex Percussion to the interscapular area is used for... | Spinal anemia |
| How would you treat spinal anemia? | Hacking or spatting area between the scapulae |
| Which nerves are affected by interscapular reflex percussion? | C6-C8 and T1 |
| Reflex Percussion to the the epigastric area is used for... | Hypopepsia and motor insufficiency of the stomach |
| How would you treat hypopepsia and motor insufficiency of the stomach? | tapping, hacking, spatting or beating to the lateral sides of the chest between the 4th and 6th ribs |
| Which spinal nerves are affected by epigastric reflex percussion? | T5-T7 |
| Reflex percussion to the abdominal area is used for... | Constipation |
| Ho would you treat constipation? | tapping, hacking, spatting, or clapping to the lateral sides of the rectus abdominus muscle in the mammary line (one side at a time) |
| Which spinal nerves are affected by abdominal reflex percussion? | T8-T12 |
| What is the key point of reflex percussion to the abdominal area? | Stimulates general peristalsis (contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract |
| What is reflex percussion to the cremasteric area used for? | genitourinary weakness, loss of bladder and rectal tone |
| How would you treat genitourinary weakness and loss of bladder and rectal tone? | hacking to the medial (inner) portion of the thigh |
| Which nerves are stimulated by reflex percussion to the cremasteric area? | L1-L3 |
| What is reflex percussion to the gluteal are used for? | loss of rectal and bladder tone, genitournary weakness, impotence or loss of sexual vigor |
| How would you treat impotence or loss of sexual vigor as well as loss of bladder and rectal tone and genitourinary weakness? | hacking, spatting, clapping, or beating to the fleshy portions of the hips |
| Which nerves are stimulated during reflex percussion to the gluteal area? | L4-L5 |
| What is the key point to relfex percussion to the gluteal area? | Stimulates activity of the lower bowel when percussion is performed over the sacrum |
| What is reflex percussion to the plantar area used for? | loss of rectal and bladder tone, genitourinary weakness, and improve nerve innervations to the muscles of the lower extremities |
| How would you treat nerve innervations to the muscles of the lower extremities as well as loss of rectal and bladder tone, and genitourinary weakness? | spatting or hacking to the sole of the foot |
| Which nerves are stimulated by reflex percussion to the plantar area? | S1-S5 |
| Percussion of the tendon of a muscle or muscle itself causes muscular contraction | Tendon reflexes |
| What does Kellogg suggest to do for best results when working on tendon reflexes? | Divert the clients attention |
| What are the principal points where tendon percussion is beneficially used? | Back of neck, wrist tendons, knee jerk, and ankle reflex |
| How should the client be positioned during tendon reflex of the back of the neck? | Client should be sitting with head flexed as far forward as possible. |
| How would you apply tendon reflex to the back of the neck? | Apply hacking from the vertebra prominence (C7) to the occiput |
| Which nerves are affected when applying tendon relfex to the the back of the neck? | C1-C4 |
| How should the client be positioned during tendon reflex of the wrist tendons? | Hyperextend the client's wrist |
| How would you apply tendon reflex to the wrist? | Apply light tapping and hacking across the front of the wrist |
| Which nerves are stimulated by tendon reflex to the wrist? | C4-C8 |
| How should the client be positioned to stimulate a knee jerk? | Cross legs and strike just below the patella with the tip of the middle finger using tapping or hacking transversely with the edge of the hand (unlar border) |
| Light tap on the tendon just below the patella causes... | the quadriceps to contract and move foot forward |
| Which nerves are stimulated by a knee jerk? | L1-L5 |
| How should the client be positioned for ankle reflex? | Client is prone, leg is flexed about 90 degrees and pushing on the sole of the foot into dorsiflexion |
| How would you apply ankle reflex? | Apply tapping or hacking to stretched Achilles tendon cause calf muscles to contract and extend foot |
| Which nerves are stimulated by ankle reflex? | S1-S3 |
| How do you perform point percussion? | Can place one finger firmly on the motor point and tap hand with the other hand |
| Why do you apply tapping or hacking at the motor points? | to stimulate muscle contraction |
| What is the main physiological effect of percussion? | Percussion is a powerful excitant, acting on the skin and tissues beneath. |
| How do you produce vasoconstriction of superficial vessels? | With short, light applications |
| How do you produce vasodilation of superficial vessels? | With strong, prolonged applications of light blows |
| What is the main physiological effect of reflex percussion? | Powerful means of stimulating nerve centers of the spinal cord |
| Which parts are especially acted upon during reflex percussion? | lumbar and sacral portions |
| Direct application of percussion to the spine is a powerful means of what? | Stimulating vasomotor centers and the nutritive functions of the viscera (splanchnic nerves) |
| Cervical Splanchnics that control circulation of the heart, stomach, and lungs affect which nerves? | C1-T4 |
| Which nerves are affected by the splanchnics that control the vascular area of the intestines? | T2-L2 |
| Which nerves are affected by the splanchnics that control circulation and through it nutrition and functions of genital organs? | S2-S3 |
| Vibratory movements are produced by... | hacking and beating on the spine |
| Vibratory movements act most effectively on... | deep-seated structures, influencing the functions of all viscera of the trunk as well as genital organs |
| Point percussion produces powerful... | motor effects, inducing vigorous contraction of muscles to which the nerve working on innervates. |
| Percussion, especially spatting and clapping is used in connection with... | hydrotherapy |
| Therapeutic effect of percussion promotes relaxation after... | cold applications to the surface |
| Percussion is useful in all cases that need the... | skin to be stimulated, either for derivative effects or for direct influence on the skin |
| Percussion treats which conditions? | Jaundice, chronic sciatica, lumbago, coldness of extremities, pasive congestion of the liver and spleen, constipation |
| Hacking of the spine treats... | sclerosis (MS) |
| Hacking of the chest treats | unresolved pneumonia, adhesions from chronic pleurisy and promotes absorption of serous fluid into pleural cavity |
| What is a contraindication for percussion? | Hyperasthesia |
Created by:
khawkin
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