urinary system
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| 4 functions of kidneys | 1) regulate blood volume; 2) regulate blood electrolytes; regulate blood pH blood; 3) regulate volume, electrolyte content and pH in tissue fluid
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| where are kidneys located | retroperitoneal
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| what is the membrane that covers the kidneys called | renal fascia
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| internal structure of the kidneys has two tissue layers and a cavity, what is the outer layer called | renal cortex
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| what is the inner layer called | renal medulla
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| what is the cavity called | renal pelvis
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| each kidney has an indentation where the arteries and the veins exit and enter and it is also where the ureter exits, what is the indentation called | hilus
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| in the renal corpuscle the glomerulus is surrounded by what capsule | Bowman's capsule
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| this expands out with tubules and inside there are foot cells that make pores - between these layers is a fluid that will become urine, what is this fluid called | renal filtrate
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| when the tubules and the renal tubule unite they form what duct | Papillary duct
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| these papillary ducts empty urine into what part of the renal pelvis | calyx
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| what are the 3 steps to the formation of urine - put them in correct order | 1) glomular filtration; 2) tubular reabsorption; 3) tubular secretion
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| we have 4 mechanisms of absorption, during active transport the cells and the renal tubules need what energy to transport materials | ATP
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| during passive transport after positive ions are reabsorbed what else is reabsorbed | negative ions
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| during osmosis what is reabsorbed after minerals | water
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| during pinocytosis proteins are absorbed out by what part of the cell | membrane
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| there are 3 hormones that influence absorption - name the hormones and what mechanisms they are responding to | 1) aldosterone - to high potassium, low sodium & low BP;
2) ANH - to high BP and high blood volume;
3) ADH - to low body water volume
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| the ureters stem from where to where and allow urine to flow | kidneys to the bladder
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| what is it called when the smooth muscle of the ureters contracts | peristalsis
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| what is the smooth muscle of the bladder called | detrusor
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| within the urinary bladder what are the folds that permit the bladder to expand called | rugae
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| urination is also known as | micturition
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| the yellow color of urine comes from the breakdown of bile and is called | urochrome
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| the 1st and most primary evaluation of the urinary system is often done with a simple test called | urinalysis
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| the procedure is used to directly visualize the internal structures of the urethra, the urinary bladder and allows for biopsy is called | cystoscopy
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| if someone has a normal urinalysis this demonstrates 4 things which are | 1) proper filtration; 2) proper absorption; 3) proper elimination; 4) precise fluid & electrolyte balance
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| name 5 characteristics of the urine | 1) color; 2)odor; 3) pH; 4) specific gravity; 5) constituents; 6) amount
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