ASHA - Swedish Massage - Components of Touch
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| The four components of touch | Sensation, Energy & Emotion, Meaning, & Beliefs
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| professional touch | skilled and done for compensation; done to promote healing
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| casual touch | common everyday touch, both intentional and unintentional
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| Effleurage - movement | long, gliding strokes using flat palms, fingers, thumbs, forearms or back of hands
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| Effleurage - purpose | Open or close a massage, spread the oil/lotion, warm the tissue, introduce client to therapist touch, to increase circulation, to prepare the body for deeper work.
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| Effleureage - effect | Relaxes the nervous system, increases blood and lymph, slow strokes produce a soothing effect, faster strokes produe stimulating effect.
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| Petrissage - movement | kneading, wringing, gentle squeezing of the tissue.
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| Petrissage - purpose | used to reach deeper muscles, milking toxins and stimulating muscle function.
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| Petrissage - effect | stimulates the nervous system, softens fascia, reduces fatigue and muscle tension, increases circulation, improves muscle tone, increases muscular elasticity
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| Friction - movement | ssmall deep circular/back and forth motion which moves the tissue beneath the skin over the muscles to produce heat. Tips of fingers, thumbs, elbows, heel or side of hand are used.
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| Friction - purpose | to stimulate nerve endings, relaxing muscle contraction and spasms; Stimulate scar tissue
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| Friction - effect | breaks down adhesions.
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| Tapotement - movement | Series of brisk blows done rhythmically using alternating hands or wrists relaxed.
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| Tapotement - purpose | Used to illicit a reflective response from the nerve, muscle, tendon joint, or other point in order to stimulate that specific point. To loosen mucus.
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| Vibration - movement | Shaking, trembling, oscillating, and jostling using fingertips or flat palms, either 1 or 2 handed alternating.
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| Vibration - purpose | to dissipate any pain after deep work.
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| Vibration - effect | Stimulate or soothe the nervous system.
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| Joint mobilization - movement | Extending, flexing, taking limb through range of motion. This may be done with client assistance, resistance, or passive participation.
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| Joint mobilization - purpose | To increase range of motion.
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| Joint mobilization - effect | Reduces stiffness in joints, increases freedom in joint, opens energy blockages.
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| Energy - movement | The movement of energy is encourage through the use of focused intent. Therapist places hands over major body centers.
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| Energy - purpose | Creates a connection between therapist and client.
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| Energy - effect | Relaxes, soothes, and calms the psyche.
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| Basic Massage Strokes | Effleurage, Petrissage, Friction, Touch, Vibration, Joint Mobilization, Energy Hold
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| Massage Pressure sequence | light to deep to light
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| Effleurage variations | single hand; double hand; support hand; surrounding grasp; loose fist; single forearm; double forearm
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| Petrissage - variations | wringing; single hand; double hand; compression; fist/hand; double fist
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| Friction - variations | stabilized finger; stablilzed hand; thumb; double thumb; elbow
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| Effleurage - element | water - think of flowing movement as a stream of water, easily flowing around obstacles constantly being shaped by the container
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| Effleurage - pressure | very light to firm; care should be taken to begin lightly and gradually become more firm
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| Petrissage - element | air - think of lifting the muscle up and into the air and giving it room to breathe.
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| Petrissage - pressure | firm pressure is recommended to begin working; progressing to deeper pressure if indicated and client can receive it.
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| Friction - element | fire - think of creating and stimulating the release of the energy of life.
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| Friction - pressure | begin gently and gradually increase until the sensation of heat or slight discomfort is felt.
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| Tapotement - effect | stimulate the nervous system through repetitive, direct nerve response.
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| Tapotement - element | earth - think of sinking deeper and deeper into the earth, being very grounded and feeling more and more in your body.
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| Tapotement - pressure | pressure is determine by speed and frequency. Strong attention to the force of impact and the depth to which you intend to affect. Most important is the softness of the fingers, hands, wrists, and elbows, and the point from which this stroke originates.
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| Tapotement - variations | hacking, cupping, slapping, pounding, tapping, plucking
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| Vibration - variations | finger, palm, lift and shake, traction and shake, rocking
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| Vibration - element | ether - think of dissolving the muscle distress into the ethers, freeing up and creating space within the muscle to move and function more efficiently.
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| Vibration - pressure | determined more in terms of speed, frequency and duration, with emphasis placed on consistent and rhythmic application
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| Joint mobilization - variations | passive - therapist moves limb or joint while the client remains passive with muscles completely relaxed; active - client moves the limb or joint with or without assistance; resistive - either client or therapist resists while the other initiates action
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| Joint mobilization - element | has qualities of all elements, primarily Air and Earth, as it opens and creates space for breath within the joint and so encourages grounding in the joints.
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| Energy - element | ether
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| Energy - pressure | no pressure
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| Draping, reasons for | modesty, comfort, and warmth
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| components of touch | Sensation, Energy and Emotion, Meaning, and Beliefs
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| five types of touch | Casual Touch, Therapeutic Touch, Professional Touch, Appropriate Touch, Inappropriate Touch
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| Casual Touch | common, everyday touch that is either accidental or intentional, but without the intention to heal or affect a healing effect.
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| Therapeutic Touch | touch that has a healing effect whether it is intentional or not, whether it is performed by a professional or not.
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| Professional Touch | touch performed by a professional with the intent to have a healing effect; skilled touch delivered as specific service for which the professional is compensated; honors appropriate personal and professional limits and boundaries.
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| Appropriate Touch | touch that is welcome and/or tolerated and is well-intentioned; touch that is helpful, healing, empowering, comforting, encouraging, or nurturing is always appropriate.
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| Inappropriate Touch | contact that is intentionally or unintentionally harmful, hurtful, disempowering, domineering, or unwanted; can be hostile, aggressive, intentionally erotic, or sexual; Those who know their touch is interpreted as inappropriate should cease the behavior.
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| Healing | the process of the restoration of balance and well-being as well as the elimination of disease.
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| Primary Directives [for health professionals] (The Two D's) | Do no harm; Do positive good
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| Primary Assurances [therapists give their clients] | Confidentiality; Loving Acceptance
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| Primary Principles [of healing] | Loving Attention (being present); intention (how you feel)
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| Transference | occurs when a clients reacts to a therapist as if the therapist were someone from the client's past. The client projects feelings and reactions from the past relationship onto the therapist.
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| Counter Transference | occurs when a therapist reacts to a client as if the client was someone from the therapist's past, with the therapist projecting feelings onto the client
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| Therapist's Responsibilities | Create a Sacred Space; Understand Your Role; Develop Your Healing Skills; Personal Hygiene; Hand Care; Sanitation
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| Create a Sacred Space | align yourself mentally with God, Source, or your highest values and intentions
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| Understand Your Role | let the energy do the work, be neutral within the context of your loving intention to heal
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| Develop Your Healing Skills | Learn . . .
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| Personal Hygiene | practice lifestyle choices that positively affect your health - proper rest, good stress management, diet, exercise, time management, financial management, emotional health, mental health, and spiritual hea
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| Sanitation Practices | Clean hands; Clean clothes; Clean, suitable container; Clean sheets; Clean table; Clean room
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| Personal Hygiene - importance | Plays a crucial role in the impression you make on others; Influences the success of a particular session; Clients notice the example you set and respond favorably or unfavorably (you may be able to influence your client to make better choices).
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| Elements of Massage | Comfort and Support; Direction; Pressure; Rate and Rhythm; Changes in Sign and Symptoms; Duration and Frequency; Relaxation
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| Hand Care | trim nails; keep your hands soft
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| Sanitation | Clean Hands; Clean Clothes; Clean Suitable Containers; Clean Sheets; Clean Table; Clean Room
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| Endangerment Sites for Swedish | Anterior Neck; Axilla (underarm); Medial and Lateral Epicondyles of the Humerus; Umbilicus; Twelfth Rib; Sciatic Notch: Inguinal Triange; Popliteal Fossa; Genitals and Mammary Tissue
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| Principles of Centering - Movement | All movement originates and returns to the center as an intergrated, unbroken flow.
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| Principle of Centering - Lengthen and loosen | Whenever possible, allow movement to lengthen and loosen rather than shorten and constrict.
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| Principles of Centering - Sink and Soften | Sink and soften instead of push and harden. Use your body' weight as a tool and save your strength.
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| Body Position Imagery - Head | Imagine a string from the center, pulling the head straight up and lengthening the neck as if your were a marionette.
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| Body Position Imagery - Elbows | In a soft locked position, straight, but not rigid.
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| Body Position Imagery - Knees | In a soft locked or bent position.
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| Body Position Imagery - Sacrum | Imagine a 5,000 pound weight pulling the sacrum down to the earth.
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| Body Position Imagery - Feet | Imagine your feet extending down into the core of the earth.
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| Body Position Imagery - Hands | Keep your center (hips) behind your hands, allwoing for focus in one direction, hand always move in the direction the finger are pointing.
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| Body Position Imagery - Shoulders | Relaxed and squared
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| Table Height | Lower than your center to allow "sinking" as you move.
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| Effects of Massage - Aid | To aid general or local relaxation.
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| Effects of Massage - Relieve | To relieve pain.
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| Effects of Massage - Treat | To treat specific problems through structural balancing and postural integration to achieve ideal posture.
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| Effects of Massage - Restore | The restoration of Well-being.
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| Types of Effects | Mechanical; Physiological; Psychological
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| Mechanical Effects | Result from the direct pressure of the massage techniques on the body: Movement; Mobilization
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| Movement | Lymph; Venous blood; Lung secretions; Edema; Intestinal contents: Hematoma Contents
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| Mobilization | Muscle fibers; Muscle masses; Tendons; Tendon Sheaths; Scar Tissue; Adhesions; Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue
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| Physiological Effects | Result from the physical and chemical changes that occur when the body is massaged.
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| Psychological Effects | Contribute to changes in the emotional and mental processes and their effect on the body.
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| Indication | When an approach is beneficial for health enhancement, treatment of a particular condition, or support of a treatment modality.
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| Contraindication | When an approach could be harmful.
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| Contraindications and Indications | Must be viewed in light of individual circumstances. Therefore, contradications are considered in the three following ways: Absolute, Usual, Rare
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| Absolute Contraindications | Massage would never be used under any circumstances: Open wounds; Presence of Foreign Bodies; Acute Fractures
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| Usual Contraindications | Massage would typically not be used: Cancer; Fever; Infectious Diseases
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| Rare Contraindications | Massage would typically be used, except with extreme cases: Frozen Joint; Fibromyalgia
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| Intake Interviews - First | It is important to gain knowledge of the client's health history
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| Intake Interviews - Second | Connection and Rapport
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| Intake Interviews - Third | To assess the client's expectations.
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| Building Rapport - Purpose | To develop and learn communication skills that harmonize the massage therapist/client relationship.
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| Building Rapport - begins with 3 factors | 1. Acknowledging; 2. Confirming; 3. Feeding back information
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| Building Rapport - through reflective listening | 1. Verbal - match the tempo and tone; 2. Movement - Match the rhythm of movement of the client's body and posture; 3. Emotional expression - Match the state of emotions; 4. Energy level - Match the energy level displayed by the client.
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| Building Rapport - Do Not | parrot; mock; repeat verbatum; go for a solution; ask the client about their problems
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| Building Rapport - Restate. . . Interpret. . . Summarize | Be supportive, be confirming; and validate your client's feelings.
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