Phlebotomy Study Cards to prepare for Certification
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| Having great skill or experience in a particular field means? | Professional
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| What does a Phlebotomist do in the health care field? | Obtain blood, perform POCT and EKGs
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| What are some of the cross training taking place in the Laboratory? | Health care professionals that are performing EKGs and Venipuncture
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| To cut into a vein to with draw a blood specimen is known as? | Phlebotomy
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| Speaking in a pleasant voice, making good eye contact and always being patient are considered good what? | Communication skills
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| Who is the "father of modern medicine"? | Hippocrates
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| A person who cut hair, gave an enema, let blood and pulled teeth was known as what? | Barber surgeons
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| What does OSHA stand for? | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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| Setting standards for a safe and healthy workplace is who's job? | OSHA
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| Washing between patients and wearing gloves is the best way to avoid what? | Infection
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| If an infection is airborne what does that mean? | That it is spread through droplets
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| What is an infectious organism capable of doing? | Spreading disease
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| A person who lacks an effective resistance to disease is considered to be what? | A susceptible host
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| How does infection enter or exit a susceptible host? | Through the respiratory tract, blood or ingestion
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| Infection causes the release of what? | White Blood Cells(WBC)
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| When is it acceptable to put food in a specimen refrigerator? | Never
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| What is needed to clean up a blood spill? | Bio-hazzard bag, gloves, paper toweling and 1:10 dilution of bleach
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| What are the diseases that the Universal Precautions are trying to prevent? | Hepatitis and AIDS
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| What is the # 1 cause of exposure to disease? | Needle-stick injuries
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| Why do we wash/clean before and after patient contact? | So we don't carry germs from one patient to another
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| What does CDC stand for? | Centers for Disease Control
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| What do we use to clean a normal blood draw site? | 70% Isopropanol(Isopropyl alchohol)
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| HIV and Hepatitis infections can easily be spread from what? | A needle-stick
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| How can health care staff prevent needle-sticks? | Use only safety needle devices
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| What is PPE? | Personal Protection Equipment
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| Wearing safety googles, gown and gloves, take a piece of gauze, wrap it around the cap of blood tube, slowly remove the port cap is the proper way of doing what? | Opening a blood tube to aliquot a sample
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| Where should Lab Coats be worn? | In work areas
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| What department handles Cultures & Sensitivity? | Microbiology
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| What department handles PTT? | Coagulation
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| What department handles H&H's? | Hematology
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| What department handles Type and Cross-matches? | Blood Bank
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| What department restores physical capabilities? | Physical Therapy
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| Where would you find a patient having radioactive isotopes injected? | Nuclear Medicine
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| A Sodium Citrate tube is drawn for an APTT for Coagulation, when should it be tested? | Within 4 hours
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| Biopsy tissue, autopsy specimen and cytology specimens all get sent to what department? | Pathology
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| What types of patients do Internal Medicine deal with? | General care patients
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| Venipuncture means? | To draw blood from a vein
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| Blood drawn in a RED Top tube will yield what? | Serum
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| Name the 3 main veins used for venipuncture? | Median Cubital(antecubital fossa), cephalic and basilic
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| Which vein is the most commonly used? | Median Cubital(Antecubital fossa)
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| Depth, bounce and size are all considerations of what? | Deciding which vein to use for venipuncture
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| Where are veins located? | In skeletal collagen tissue and muscle tissue
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| Blood vessels have valves otherwise known as? | Veins
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| What special considerations must be taken into account when deciding what vein to use? | Whether it looks red & bruised, does it move, does it have a pulse and is it too hard & cord-like to puncture
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| What gauge needle is most commonly used for venipuncture? | 21-23 gauge
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| A tube which contains a vacuum, which essentially sucks the blood from the vein through a needle is known as what? | An evacuated system
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| Blood pulled through a syringe is known as what system? | Non-evacuated system
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| When would you use the Non-evacuated system? | When there are tiny or weak veins that may collapse otherwise
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| When would you find it helpful to use a butterfly needle? | For pediatric patients
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| When blood is drawn from an IV line/site, how much blood should be discarded? | 2-5ml
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| If an IV site must be used for a collection site, where would you draw with regard to the site? | Distal to the IV
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| The single most important step to performing venipuncture is? | Proper patient identification
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| What can you do to put the patient at ease? | Have empathy for that patient
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| What might happen if a patient is upset or frightened? | Sympathetic blood flow could occur & the WBC and glucose will elevate
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| What is the correct procedure for washing your hands? | Hold hands in a downward position, scrubbing between your fingers and using a paper towel to dry your hands and turn on or shut off the water
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| Why do we use a tourniquet? | To give the vein time to fill as it dams the blood between the site and the tourniquet
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| Why should a tourniquet be removed within 1-2 minutes? | To avoid the blood from becoming hemoconcentrated
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| How should you clean a venipuncture site? | In a concentric circle motion
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| What is the most common bacteria that lives on the skin? | Staphyloccos
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| What is the proper way to hold the vein for a venipuncture? | The thumb of the hand holding the arm should contact the vein just below the entry point
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| Why is it not recommended that that you make a window when holding the vein for a venipuncture? | Because you put yourself at greater risk of a needle-stick injury
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| Which glucose tolerance test is used to diagnose diabetes mellitus? | 2 hour Post Prandial Blood Sugar
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| What test could evaluate a liver function? | Bilirubin
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| Which tube used for testing has No Additive? | RED Top
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| What additive is found in a Green Top tube? | Heparin
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| Which tube allows for the blood to stay at it's sugar level? | Gray
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| Gray top tubes are used for which tests? | Glucose Tolerance Testing and Blood Alcohol Testing
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| When using a butterfly needle, why do you draw a "waste" tube before drawing a coagulation sample? | Because the tubing attached to the butterfly needle contains air, and you want to get that air out of the line
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| Which tube is used as a "waste" tube or "clearing" tube? | Plain Tube
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| What rule should be followed when drawing a SST tube? | It should be drawn after the Red Top tube
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| The Lavender Top tube serves what purpose? | To prevent the sample from clotting
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| What is the EDTA tube? | Lavender Top
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| How many times do you invert a non-additive tube? | None. It is not a tube which needs to be inverted
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| Why do you disengage the tube from the back of the needle before withdrawing the needle from the arm? | Because the vacuum from the tube can cause a bruise
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| How long should the alcohol dry before performing the venipuncture? | 30 seconds
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| What can cause skin irritation and hemolysis? | Alcohol
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| What causes a hematoma? | Puncturing the wall of a vein
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| What is the slanting surface at the end of a needle called? | Bevel
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| What does lumen mean? | It is the space within the walls of an artery, vein or tube
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| What does it mean when a vein is patent? | It means it is in a state of elasticity, free, open and a good vein to use
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| If you need to draw 3ml of blood using a syringe, where would the bottom of the plunger be located? | At the 3cc mark
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| What tests cannot be performed if the blood is hemolyzed? | CBC, K+ and BIL
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| What reason would the blood not flow into the tube after puncturing a site? | The tube has too much vacuum or the needle went through the vein
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| You draw a green top tube, let the specimen sit for one hour, it separates, what is the pale yellow fluid at the top called? | Plasma
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| Which of the following are considered to be extracellular fluid? Serum, Blood, Interstitial fluid or All of them? | Interstitial fluid
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| How do you consider the normal range for capillary blood? | Through Arterial values and Venous values
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| What test(s) can be done from a skin(dermal) puncture? | Prothrombin
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| When collecting blood for a skin puncture which specimen should be collected first? | Either WBC or Platelets
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| Why is it necessary to wipe the finger between collection tubes? | To prevent micro-clots
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| Where should the finger be punctured? | Off to the sides, not in the middle or on the tip
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| Why would you warm the hand or foot? | To encourage blood flow
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| Why wouldn't you use cotton balls to clean a puncture site? | Because cotton balls leave lint and fibers at the site
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| If you made a blood smear from a blood tube, how long can you allow the tube to sit? | 2-6 hours
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| You use a blood tube for a blood smear, you let it sit for longer than 6 hours, what happens to that sample? | It losses it's value
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| What should the edge of a blood smear look like? | A Feather or a Rainbow
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| Why shouldn't you squeeze or "milk" the skin puncture site? | It can cause hemolysis
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| What is the function of white blood cells? | To fight infection
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| How do platelets help coagulation? | They form thromboplastin
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| When RBC lyse, what analytes are affected the most? Bilirubin, Glucose, Sodium, Potassium or All of Them? | Potassium
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| Why does Hemoglobin have the color it does? | Because of the oxygen content
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| Which WBC forms antibodies to foreign particles? Monocytes, Basophils, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils or All of them? | Lymphocytes
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| What are Neutrophils and what do they do? | They are WBC that serve to engulf and digest foreign particles in the body
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| When there is an allergic reaction; which WBC will be seen in increased numbers? | Eosinophils
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| What do ammonia levels and ABGs have in common? | They both need to be collected and put on ice
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| What is an autologous donation? | The person giving and receiving
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| The protein which induces the production of antibodies is called what? | An antigen
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| What happens if the body is attacked by a foreign body? | There is an increase in WBC
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| Why are "bleeding" times performed? | To see how long it takes for blood to clot or how long it takes for the site to stop bleeding
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| When doing a "bleeding" time, the blood pressure cuff should be pumped to what? | 40mmHg
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| What age is it mandatory to perform a PKU? | 7-14 days
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| What could happen to an infant if a PKU is not detected? | Could miss the proper diagnosis of retardation
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| What is TDM? | Therapeutic Drug Monitor
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| Before doing an ABG; what test must be done first to determine the patient's circulation? | Allen Test
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| What do triglycerides, glucose and cholesterol have in common? | All must be done Fasting or at Basal state
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| Why are Lab tests needed? | To diagnose and treat a patient
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| If a glucose test is collected in an SST tube, it should be separated within what timeframe? | 1 hour
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| Regarding the separation of a blood sample in an SST tube, what does separation mean? | To separate the serum from the clot
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| What, if anything, should be included on the label of a blood specimen tube? | Patient's name, date and time of day, ID number and tech's name/initials
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| When drawing a patient in the feet or legs, what complication can occur? | It could cause Thrombophlebitis
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| What is the standard recommended way to hold the arm when doing a venipuncture? | Hold the arm straight and anchor the vein
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| Why do you use a Navy(Dark Blue) tube for determining the level of metals? | Because it is free of trace metals
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| True or False: When you perform a syringe draw, you should fill the anticoagulant tube last. | False
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| An IV patient has a glucose result of 450mg/dl and is not a diabetic. Why do you think this happened? | Maybe the patient is in fact a diabetic, but was never diagnosed as such
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| True or False: A specimen is hemolyzed when the serum of the blood sample is cherry red. | True
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| Tue or False: Reticulocyte count evaluates the RBC in bone marrow. | True
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| What is PT & PTT used to evaluate? | Clotting time
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| True or False: The serum of a blood specimen will be milky or cloudy if the patient is diabetic. | False
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| Why would the serum of a blood specimen be cloudy or milky? | Because the patient has bad eating habits
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| If a patient had a mastectomy on the right side, would you draw blood from the right side or left side? | Left side
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| Why would a vein roll when you try to puncture it? | You did not anchor the vein properly
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| True or False: Aging skin bruises very easy, veins are buried in the skin and you should never use tape on aged skin. | True
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| True or False: If a patient is having a seizure while you are drawing blood, you must keep drawing the blood until you are done. | False
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| True or False: If you probe around in a patients arm you can cause nerve damage. | True
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| Why would you not draw from a burn area? | The skin has been damaged and you can't feel anything
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| What type of communication skills would you use for children when drawing their blood? | Speak in a soft voice and be gentle with them
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| True or False: You can do a venipuncture on a 2 day old infant. | True
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| You should never do dermal puncture on a child in the foot after 6 months. Why? | Because you can hurt the bone in the foot
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| Why should you never puncture the curvature of the heel? | Because it could cause damage to the calcaneous bone
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| What is the study of blood and blood-forming tissues called? | Hematology
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| For what is AFB a test? | Tuberculosis
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| What type of consent is inferred by signs, inaction or silence? | Implied consent
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| If one is neglectful or fails to perform an obligation they are guilty of which of the following: breach of duty, damages, libel, slander or precedent? | Breach of Duty
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| The latin phrase that means "Let the master answer" is which of the following: guardian ad litem, subpoena duces tecum proximate cause or respondeat superior? | Respondeat Superior
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| What is the legal term for the threat of bodily harm? | Assault
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| Unauthorized publication of information about a patient is which of the following: tort, slander, libel, invasion of privacy or defamation of character? | Invasion of Privacy
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| If you touched a patient without consent you could be guilty of what? | Battery
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| What type of consent is given when a patient understands the risks and benefits of the procedure? | Informed consent
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| If a phlebotomist does not use proper measures to prevent a fainting patient from falling of what is s/he guilty? | Negligience
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| Define Asepsis. | Germ free
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| A term for killing organisms after they leave the body. | Medical asepsis
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| What is a form of isolation in which anyone entering the patient's room and having direct contact with the patient wears gloves and gowns? | Contact isolation
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| What is the form of isolation used for patients who have diseases tht can be spread by droplet infection? | Respiratory isolation
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| Which Federal Agency established in 1946, and headquartered in Atlanta, GA functions to prevent and control disease? | CDC
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| Which non-governmental agency, headquartered in Chicago, IL, establishes guidelines for hospitals and health care agencies to follow regrding quality of care? | JACHO
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| What are the Federal guidelines that regulate all clinical labs; regulate specfic guidlines for QA, QC, record keeping and personnel qualifications and regulations apply to any site that test human specimens? | CLIA
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| What year was the Clinical Laboratory Improvements Amendments enacted? | 1988
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| Enacted in 1996 by the U.S. Congress that protects health insurance coverage for workers and their families when they change or lose their jobs. | HIPAA
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| An institute formerly known as NCCLS - develops guidelines and sets standards of performance for all areas of the clinical laboratory,what is it? | CLSI
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| An agency that outlines competencies for phlebotomy programs approved by their organizaitons, also approves phlebotomy programs, is known as? | NAACLS
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| What is a physician's order to obtain a specimen for testing? | Requisition
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| As blood circulates, which components does it carry to and from the lungs? | Oxygen and carbon dioxide
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| In a hospital setting when should a phlebotomist never draw blood? | When a patient is not wearing an ID band
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| What is the destruction of red blood cells called? | Hemolysis
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| What is an accumulation of fluid under the skin called? | Edema
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| What is a sterile disposable, sharp instrument used in dermal punctures called? | Lancet
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| A condition in which plasma enters the tissues resulting in a higher than normal concentration of the cellular components of blood is called? | Hemoconcentration
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| A collection of blood underneath the skin is called? | Hematoma
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| Which of the following is NOT a part of the venipuncture needle: bevel, shaft, lumen, barrel, hub? | Barrel
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| What tube is used for CBC draw and contains EDTA? | Lavender Top
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| Which tube must have a 9:1 ration and is used for the collection of coagulation studies? | Light Blue Top
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| What does the gray top tube contain? | Sodium Fluoride/Potassium Oxalate Sodium Fluoride/Na2EDTA
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| Which tube contains Acid Citrate Dextrose-A (ACD-A) Acid Citrate Dextrose-B (ACD-B) Sodium Polyanetholesulfonate (SPS)? | Yellow Top
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| What can happen if a tourniquette is left on too long? | Hemoconcentration
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| What condition could happen if you draw blood from a mastectomy patient? | Lymphostasis
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| What size lancet can permanently damage an infant? | 2.8mm
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| Which additive also inhibits glycolysis? | Sodium fluoride
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| Capillary specimens will have a higher amount of what component? | Glucose
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| If a dermal puncture penetrates the bone, what could the incision cause? | Osteomyelitis
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| Why is the first drop of blood that appears after a dermal puncture not collected for testing? | It contains interstitial fluid
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| On an adult, other than fingers or heals, where can a dermal puncture be done? | Ear lobe
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| In 1993 the FDA approved the use of which topical anesthetic? | EMLA
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| A test required to be performed on infants, is called? | PKU
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| If you draw a patient's blood without consent you can be charged with what? | Assault & Battery
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| How long should pressure be applied to a venipuncture site to stop bleeding? | 5 minutes
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| What is iron containing protein in red blood cells that transport oxygen and carbon dioxide? | Hemoglobin
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| What is a Thrombocyte? | Platelets
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| What is the liquid portion of blood after it has clotted and fibrinogen is gone? | Serum
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| What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle? | Tricuspid
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| What valve is located between the left atrium and left ventricle? | Mitral
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| The issuance by an official body of a certificate to a person indicating certain requirements to practice have been met is called what? | Certification
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| What do you call the ability to safeguard patient privacy, particularly information in the patient record? | Confidentiality
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| What agency developed the Patient's Bill of Rights? | American Hospital Association(AHA)
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| Which blood component quickly accumulates around the dermal puncture site? | Platelets
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| Also known as the pacemaker of the heart? | SA Node
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| Which color tube contains sodium citrate? | Light Blue Top
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| The additive in a green-top collection tube is? | Lithium heparin/Sodium heparin
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| Hormones are produced in which of the following body systems? | Endocrine
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| This complication results from repeated venipuncture of the same vein: | Phlebitis
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