Fractures, Bones, Muscles
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| closed | bone does not go through the skin
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| open | bone breaks through the skin (compound fracture)
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| nondisplaced | broken bone ends remain in normal anatomical alignment
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| displaced | broken bone ends are pulled out of their normal anatomical alignment
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| Colles' | distal radius is broken falling onto an outstretched hand
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| comminuted | bone is crushed into several pieces
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| compression | vertebrae are compressed together when a fall occurs onto buttocks or a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease
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| depressed | cranium is fractured inward toward the brain
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| greenstick | bone is broken on only one side
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| hairline | very thin fracture line with the bone pieces together
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| oblique | bone broken on an oblique angle
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| spiral | bone broken in a spiral because of twisting force
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| transverse | bone broken in transverse plane perpendicular to its long axis
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| ethmoid bone | forms posterior nasal septum that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides and forms medial walls of the eye sockets. (ethm/o-sieve)
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| vomer | narrow wall of bone that forms inferior part of nasal septum and joins the sphenoid bone posteriorly
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| zygomatic bone | forms each cheek bone
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| temporal bones | form lower sides of cranium, contains an opening for external ear canal.
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| mastoid process | a projection of each temporal bone that extends behind each ear
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| styloid process | located inferiorally to temporal bones. This is where a point of attachment for tendons and muscles of the tongue and pharynx and for ligaments attach to the hyoid bone in the throat
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| sphenoid bone | sphen/o-wedge shaped large irregularly shaped bone that forms part of the central base and sides of the cranium and posterior walls of eye sockets (holds the pituitary gland)
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| occipital bone | forms posterior base of the cranium, contains the foramen magnum - a large opening that is round where the spinal cord passes through to join the brain
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| suture | line where one cranial bone meets another
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| frontal bone | forms forehead and top of cranium and ends at the coronal suture
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| parietal bones | forms upper sides and upper posterior parts of the cranium (sagittal suture is located between these two bones)
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| hyoid bone | flat, u-shaped bone in the anterior neck
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| ischium | most inferior part of hip bones (seat bones - you sit on them!)
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| ilium | most superior part of hip bones
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| suture joint | located between 2 cranial bones, immovable, and contains no cartilage
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| symphysis joint | slightly movable joint with a fibrocartilage pad or disk between the bones (vertebrae or pubic symphysis)
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| synovial joint | fully movable joint. Examples are hinges and ball-and-sockets.
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| hinge | allows motion in 2 directions (knee)
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| ball-and-socket | allows motion in many directions (shoulder and hip). Bones that join here contain articular cartilage.
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| ligament | joins 2 bones together
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| tendon | joins bone to muscle
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| superior rectus muscle | turns eye superiorly
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| inferior rectus muscle | turns eye inferiorly
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| medial rectus muscle | turns eye medially
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| lateral rectus muscle | turns eye laterally
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| superior oblique muscle | turns eye inferiorly and medially
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| inferior oblique muscle | turns eye superiorly and laterally
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| origin of muscle | beginning of muscle where its tendon is attached to a stationary or nearly stationary bone
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| insertion of muscle | ending of muscle where its tendon is attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts and relaxes
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