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Med. Term. Review2
Fractures, Bones, Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| closed | bone does not go through the skin |
| open | bone breaks through the skin (compound fracture) |
| nondisplaced | broken bone ends remain in normal anatomical alignment |
| displaced | broken bone ends are pulled out of their normal anatomical alignment |
| Colles' | distal radius is broken falling onto an outstretched hand |
| comminuted | bone is crushed into several pieces |
| compression | vertebrae are compressed together when a fall occurs onto buttocks or a vertebra collapses in on itself because of disease |
| depressed | cranium is fractured inward toward the brain |
| greenstick | bone is broken on only one side |
| hairline | very thin fracture line with the bone pieces together |
| oblique | bone broken on an oblique angle |
| spiral | bone broken in a spiral because of twisting force |
| transverse | bone broken in transverse plane perpendicular to its long axis |
| ethmoid bone | forms posterior nasal septum that divides the nasal cavity into right and left sides and forms medial walls of the eye sockets. (ethm/o-sieve) |
| vomer | narrow wall of bone that forms inferior part of nasal septum and joins the sphenoid bone posteriorly |
| zygomatic bone | forms each cheek bone |
| temporal bones | form lower sides of cranium, contains an opening for external ear canal. |
| mastoid process | a projection of each temporal bone that extends behind each ear |
| styloid process | located inferiorally to temporal bones. This is where a point of attachment for tendons and muscles of the tongue and pharynx and for ligaments attach to the hyoid bone in the throat |
| sphenoid bone | sphen/o-wedge shaped large irregularly shaped bone that forms part of the central base and sides of the cranium and posterior walls of eye sockets (holds the pituitary gland) |
| occipital bone | forms posterior base of the cranium, contains the foramen magnum - a large opening that is round where the spinal cord passes through to join the brain |
| suture | line where one cranial bone meets another |
| frontal bone | forms forehead and top of cranium and ends at the coronal suture |
| parietal bones | forms upper sides and upper posterior parts of the cranium (sagittal suture is located between these two bones) |
| hyoid bone | flat, u-shaped bone in the anterior neck |
| ischium | most inferior part of hip bones (seat bones - you sit on them!) |
| ilium | most superior part of hip bones |
| suture joint | located between 2 cranial bones, immovable, and contains no cartilage |
| symphysis joint | slightly movable joint with a fibrocartilage pad or disk between the bones (vertebrae or pubic symphysis) |
| synovial joint | fully movable joint. Examples are hinges and ball-and-sockets. |
| hinge | allows motion in 2 directions (knee) |
| ball-and-socket | allows motion in many directions (shoulder and hip). Bones that join here contain articular cartilage. |
| ligament | joins 2 bones together |
| tendon | joins bone to muscle |
| superior rectus muscle | turns eye superiorly |
| inferior rectus muscle | turns eye inferiorly |
| medial rectus muscle | turns eye medially |
| lateral rectus muscle | turns eye laterally |
| superior oblique muscle | turns eye inferiorly and medially |
| inferior oblique muscle | turns eye superiorly and laterally |
| origin of muscle | beginning of muscle where its tendon is attached to a stationary or nearly stationary bone |
| insertion of muscle | ending of muscle where its tendon is attached to the bone that moves when the muscle contracts and relaxes |
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