Endocrine System Chp 10
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| show | Endocrine system
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| show | Hormones
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| show | Blood
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| show | target cells
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| show | Metabolic
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| ______ ________ enter the target cells by passing through both the plasma membrane and entering the nucleus, then causing the DNA to code for the production of specific proteins such as enzymes | show 🗑
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| _____ ______ do not enter the target cells, they instead bind to receptors on the external surface of the cells membrane causing compounds to be released inside the cell that alter the cells functions | show 🗑
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| show | Prostaglandins
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| show | Cells
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| Prostaglandins can modify effects of _____________ hormones. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Promote inflammation, with pain and fever
2. Constrict or dilate blood vessels
3. Promote blood clotting
4. Promote excretion of water or electrolytes by kidneys
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| show | Hormones ; Chemicals ; Nerve Impulses
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| Hormone secretion is regulated by ______ ________, which means that when blood levels of the hormone produced by the gland are low, the gland is stimulated to release more of the hormone. When the levels are high, the gland stops releasing the hormone. | show 🗑
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| The _________ __________ Hangs from a short stalk from the inferior aspect of the brain and is nestled in a hollowed out area in one of the skull bones. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Anterior Lobe
2. Posterior Lobe
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| show | Hypothalamus
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| The anterior lobe _______ and ______ its own hormones. | show 🗑
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| show | posterior lobe
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| The hypothalamus controls the release of hormones from the posterior lobe using _____ ________. | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Growth hormone (GH)
2. Thyroid-stimulation hormone (TSH)
3. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4. Gonadotropins
5. Prolactin
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| show | 1. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
2. Oxytocin
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| show | Growth Hormone
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| Growth hormone is most abundant during _______ ______ | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroid-stimulating hormone
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| show | Hypothalamus
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| show | Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
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| Excess stress can cause excess __________ ________ production | show 🗑
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| show | Prolactin
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| What are the two types of Gonadotropin hormones? | show 🗑
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| show | Follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH)
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| show | Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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| Gonadotropin Secretion is caused by releasing hormones secreted by the ___________. | show 🗑
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| Posterior lobe hormones are produced by _________ in the hypothalamus. | show 🗑
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| show | Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
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| show | water concentration
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| show | Decrease
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| Decrease in water concentration of blood causes ADH secretion to _______ | show 🗑
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| show | Oxytocin
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| show | let down
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| show | Positive Feedback
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| show | Larynx
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| _______ is necessary for production of thyroid hormones | show 🗑
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| Thyroid hormone is actually two hormones, ____ and _____ | show 🗑
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| show | Thyroid-stimulating hormone
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| show | 1. Increase metabolic rate
2. Promote protein synthesis
3. Enhance neuron function
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| show | Calcitonin
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| ________ ______ are small glands on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland and has 2 glands on each lobe | show 🗑
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| _________ __________ Increases the concentration of blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclasts to remove calcium from bones and deposit it into the blood, and inhibiting the activity of osteoblasts. | show 🗑
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| show | Kidney
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| show | Adrenal medulla ; Adrenal cortex
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| The two hormones of the adrenal medulla are | show 🗑
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| Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine is regulated by _________ ___________ of the autonomic nervous system and are secreted during times of stress | show 🗑
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| The effects of the hormones of the adrenal medulla are… | show 🗑
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| The two hormones of the adrenal cortex are…. | show 🗑
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| show | Aldosterone
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| Secretion of aldosterone is stimulated by a _______ in Na+, an ______ in K+ or a decrease in blood pressure | show 🗑
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| show | Cortisol
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| Cortisol helps reduce inflammation but also reduces the ________ _________ | show 🗑
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| Secretion of cortisol is caused by ________ stimulation | show 🗑
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| In the pancreas __________ __ _________ secrete hormones | show 🗑
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| show | 1. Glucagon
2. Insulin
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| ________ Increases blood glucose levels when it drops too low, even when carbohydrates are used up because it causes liver to convert glycogen to glucose and helps convert non-carbohydrates to glucose | show 🗑
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| _________ Decreases blood glucose concentration when it gets too high by aiding glucose uptake by body cells where it can be used for energy, and causing the liver to synthesize extra glucose molecules into glycogen, which is the storage form. | show 🗑
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| show | negative feedback
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| Low blood glucose _________ secretion of glucagon and ________ secretion of insulin | show 🗑
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| show | Insulin ; glucagon
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| show | Diabetes mellitus (AKA sugar diabetes)
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| Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include high ______ ______ levels and acidosis, due to use of fats for energy | show 🗑
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| show | Gonads
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| In females the gonads are the ______ which produce ova and sex hormones | show 🗑
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| show | Testes
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| show | Estrogen ; Progesterone
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| show | Puberty
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| _____ and _____ interact in a 28-day ovarian cycle and subsequent uterine cycle (menses) | show 🗑
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| Testes are paired, ovoid organs located in scrotum that secrete ____________ | show 🗑
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| ______ _______ is a small, cone-shaped gland within the brain that secretes melatonin | show 🗑
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| show | Melatonin
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