CNS for A&P
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longitudinal fissure | show 🗑
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transverse fissure | show 🗑
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show | elevated ridges on tissues of brain surface
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show | Shallow grooves between the gyri
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lateral sulcus | show 🗑
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show | separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. Contains pre and postcentral gyri.
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cerebral cortex | show 🗑
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motor area | show 🗑
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sensory area | show 🗑
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show | integrate, analyze, evaluate information for purposeful action
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6 lobes on each side: | show 🗑
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show | voluntray muscle activation, emotions and judgments, Broca's area ( controls motor aspect of speech), and frontal eye field
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show | in precentral gyrus. Allows for voluntary control of skeletal movement.
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show | affects voluntary movement, not reflex movements
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show | in precentral gyrus, form the voluntary motor tract
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voluntary motor tract | show 🗑
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Premotor cortex | show 🗑
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Broca's area | show 🗑
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Damage to Broca's area | show 🗑
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Frontal eye field | show 🗑
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Parietal Lobe | show 🗑
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Primary somatosensory cortex | show 🗑
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show | analyzes and evaluates sensory inputs for texture, size, relationship of its parts. Recognition by stored memories.
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Occipital lobe | show 🗑
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Primary visual cortex | show 🗑
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show | total blindness
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Visual association area | show 🗑
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damage to visual association area | show 🗑
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Temporal lobe | show 🗑
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show | superior margin of temporal lobe, input from cochlear receptors for pitch, rhythm, loudness (temporal lobe)
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auditory association area | show 🗑
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show | sensory info from chemoreceptors in nose (temporal)
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show | info from taste buds (temporal)
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Insula | show 🗑
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prefrontal cortex | show 🗑
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affective language areas | show 🗑
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show | typically left hemisphere, stores complex auditory and visual memory patterns. Receives info from all sensory association areas.
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Damage to gen. interpretation area | show 🗑
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show | language expression/comprehension, sounding out words *permanently assigned before adolescence
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show | inability to understand words seen or heard, words spoken do not make sense together
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Limbic system | show 🗑
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show | memory storage/retrieval, motivation, linking conscious functions of cortex with brain stem
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Amygdala | show 🗑
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Hippocampus | show 🗑
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Damage to Hippocampus | show 🗑
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Reticular formation | show 🗑
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show | consicousness, arousal, sends signals to cortex and antigravity muscles, receives input from afferent tracts
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show | medial and anterior section of medulla oblongata, functions to decrease action potentials from RAS, so decreased muscle tone during sleep
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show | Large amplitude, slow frequency
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Left hemisphere | show 🗑
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show | creativity, intuition, emotion
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Disconnection syndrome | show 🗑
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Plasticity | show 🗑
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show | 12 hour baby knows train travels behind curtain will come out the other side; 3 month
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show | two stimuli associated with each other (Pavlov)
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show | imitative behavior; habituation, sensitization
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show | decreased response to irrelevant stimuli (repeated)
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Sensitization | show 🗑
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show | store 8-11 pieces of information, info in STM lost unless put in LTM
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Working memory | show 🗑
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Long-term memory | show 🗑
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Reflexive (LTM) | show 🗑
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show | explicit memory, by conscious attention, involves temporal lobes
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show | chage the resting membrane potential; act rapidly for fast synapitc communication, open ion channels
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show | act upon ion channels, 2nd messenger system
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show | inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter, opens Cl channels on postynaptic targets for hyperpolarization
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Glutamate | show 🗑
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Cerebral white matter | show 🗑
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Commisural fiber tracts | show 🗑
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Corpus callosum | show 🗑
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show | transmit impulses within a single hemisphere, short association fibers connct adjacent gryi, long association fibers connect different cortical lobes
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show | vertical to unite cerebral hemispheres with lower brain and spinal cord (connect brain with rest of body)
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internal capsule | show 🗑
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show | projection tract fibers disperse into cerebral white matter
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show | corpus striatum, paired masses og gray matter found within white matter of cerebral hemispheres
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show | Putamen (neurons are active prior to body movements) and Globus pallidus (regulate muscle tone)
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show | coordinate gross motor movement patterns like gait, activity of neurons before eye movement
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Corpus Striatum | show 🗑
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Functions of Basal nuclei | show 🗑
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Impairment of basal nuclei | show 🗑
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show | substentia nigra cells destroyed, inadequate dopamine = no inhibition of basal nuclei's movement
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L-dopa | show 🗑
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Diencephalon | show 🗑
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show | sensory impulses from spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum, to cerebal cortex.
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Functions of Thalamus | show 🗑
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show | integrates ANS and endocrine system), maintains body homeostasiss:temperature, appetite, thirst, sexual behavior, and emotion
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show | roof of third ventricle, includes choroid plexus and pineal gland
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show | melatonin from serotonin (sleep-wake), antioxidant for CNS neurons
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Choroid plexus | show 🗑
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show | midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata
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Midbrain | show 🗑
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show | (in midbrain) connects 3rd and 4th ventricles
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Cerebral peduncles | show 🗑
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show | rounded emincences on dorsal portion of midbrain, posterior to cerebral aqueduct
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Superior colliculi | show 🗑
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show | reflex for movements of head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli
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show | between midbrain and medulla oblongata, contains deep longitudianl projection fiber for the motor and senosry tracts (connect the spinal cord and medulla with higher brain centers)
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Middle cerebellar peduncles | show 🗑
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Medulla Oblongata | show 🗑
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show | (Medulla) longitudianl ridges contain corticospinal tracts from cerebral cortex
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Inferior cerebellar peduncles | show 🗑
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Functions medulla visceral nuclei | show 🗑
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Vasodilation | show 🗑
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show | increase in action potentials, increase in BP
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Cerebellum | show 🗑
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show | subconsciously coordinate fine and gross motor movements, posture, balance, fore and direction of movement
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Anatomy of cerebellum | show 🗑
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show | connects the cerebellar hemispheres
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Folia | show 🗑
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show | integrating and executing movement
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Flocculonodular lobe of Cerebellum | show 🗑
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show | efferent,(away from CNS) and afferent (toward CNS) tracts
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Efferent Superior cerebellar pedundcle tract | show 🗑
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Afferent Superior cerebellar peduncle tract | show 🗑
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show | connects pons with cerebellum, one way transmission to cerebellum = awareness of motor cortex's action
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Inferior cerebellar peduncles | show 🗑
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show | dura mater, arachnoid matter, pia mater
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Dura mater | show 🗑
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show | thicker, inelastic outer layer, adhres to cranial bones
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Menigeal dura mater | show 🗑
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Falx cerebri | show 🗑
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Tentorium cerebelli | show 🗑
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show | middle meninge, contains serous fluid (allows movment)
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show | between arachnoid and pia mater, contains CSF arachnoid villa absorbs CSF into dural sinuses
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show | thin, vascular loose CT on surface of brain, dips into all sulci and fissures
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Cerebsopinal fluid | show 🗑
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Choroid plexuses | show 🗑
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Blood brain barrier | show 🗑
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show | 31 segments, paired spinal nerves
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Cervical enlargement | show 🗑
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Lumbar enlargement | show 🗑
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Spinal dural sheath | show 🗑
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epidural space | show 🗑
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show | space between dura and arachnoid mater, contains serous fluid
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Subarachnoid space | show 🗑
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Grey mater of spinal cord | show 🗑
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Anterior (ventral) horns | show 🗑
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show | interneurons, sensory part of grey matter
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Lateral honrs | show 🗑
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show | fusing of dorsal and ventral roots.
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Dorsal root | show 🗑
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Dorsal root ganglion | show 🗑
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show | myleinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers: ascending tracts (to brain), descending tacts (to spine), horizontal tracts (one side of cord to another)
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show | white column + origin of cell bodies + termination of axons + direction of impulse within tract
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Ascending (sensory) tracts | show 🗑
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fasciculi gracilis and fasciculi cuneatus | show 🗑
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lateral spinothalmic tract | show 🗑
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anterior spinothalmic tract | show 🗑
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show | information to cerebellum for subconscious propriocrecption in trunk and lower limbs, coordinates muscle activity
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Anterior spinocerebellar tract uses what paths | show 🗑
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show | information to cerebellum vis ainferio rcerebellar peduncle about subconscious propriorecption in lower limbs
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show | receive afferent impulses from somatic recepotrs and golgi tendon organs, helps with joint position, rate of joint movement, muscle contraction
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show | dliver efferent impulses from the brain--> spinal cord
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show | "direct", precise voluntary movement, skilled patterns, includes lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts motor impulses from cerebrum--> spinal cord
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show | from brain stem for balance, posture, coarse movements, visually tracking objects
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show | coordinates head and eye movments, arises in superior colliculi of midbrain
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Reticulospinal | show 🗑
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Pontine reticulspinal tract | show 🗑
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Medullary reticulospinal tract | show 🗑
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show | balance for skeletal muscle movment in response to movements of the head
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Rubrospinal | show 🗑
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show | damage to anterior horn motor neurons = flaccid paralysis, neither voluntary or involuntary movement, no reflexes
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show | pyramidal neurons, spastic paralysis = reflex ok
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show | ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
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Ectoderm | show 🗑
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show | muscle, Connective tissue, mesothelium and endothelium
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show | mucous membranes
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show | rod of mesodermal cells, eventaully replaced by vetebral column
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17th day of development | show 🗑
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21st day of development | show 🗑
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23rd day of development | show 🗑
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Anterior end of neural tube | show 🗑
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posterior end of neural tube | show 🗑
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show | bain forms at anteior neural tube
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show | forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
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show | secondary brain vesicles, forebrain divides--> cerebrum, diencephalon (epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalmus), hindbrain pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata
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show | from enlargements in central cavity of neural tube
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Lateral ventricles | show 🗑
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show | communicates with 3rd and 4th ventricles
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show | opens into subarachnoid space, containing CSF
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show | Choroid plexuses on roof of 3rd and 4th ventricles, contain CSF
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Sympathetic Division | show 🗑
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Parasympathetic Division | show 🗑
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show | Regulates activities that are automatic of involuntary. Maintains functioning of many organs
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show | Affrent -Transmits impulses to the CNS
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show | Efferent - Tansmits impulses from CNS to muscles or glands.
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Peripheral Nervous System | show 🗑
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show | (A) Sensory Division - Afferent (B) Motor Division - Efferent
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Limbic system functions are: | show 🗑
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Basal ganglia | show 🗑
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show | Habenular nuclei: integrate olfactory, visual and somatic afferent pathways; Pineal glang: secrets hormones that inluence the oituitary gland and several other organs
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Brainstem: | show 🗑
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show | center for vitual functions: cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers
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cerebellum: | show 🗑
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archicerebellum | show 🗑
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paleocerebellum ( spinocerebelum) | show 🗑
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show | smooth coordination of voluntary movements, important for motor learning, sequencing of movements and visualy trigered movements
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Created by:
mmason
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