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CNS for A&P

Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in each of the black spaces below before clicking on it to display the answer.
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Term
Definition and location
longitudinal fissure   show
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transverse fissure   show
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show elevated ridges on tissues of brain surface  
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show Shallow grooves between the gyri  
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lateral sulcus   show
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show separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe. Contains pre and postcentral gyri.  
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cerebral cortex   show
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motor area   show
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sensory area   show
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show integrate, analyze, evaluate information for purposeful action  
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6 lobes on each side:   show
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show voluntray muscle activation, emotions and judgments, Broca's area ( controls motor aspect of speech), and frontal eye field  
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show in precentral gyrus. Allows for voluntary control of skeletal movement.  
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show affects voluntary movement, not reflex movements  
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show in precentral gyrus, form the voluntary motor tract  
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voluntary motor tract   show
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Premotor cortex   show
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Broca's area   show
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Damage to Broca's area   show
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Frontal eye field   show
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Parietal Lobe   show
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Primary somatosensory cortex   show
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show analyzes and evaluates sensory inputs for texture, size, relationship of its parts. Recognition by stored memories.  
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Occipital lobe   show
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Primary visual cortex   show
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show total blindness  
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Visual association area   show
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damage to visual association area   show
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Temporal lobe   show
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show superior margin of temporal lobe, input from cochlear receptors for pitch, rhythm, loudness (temporal lobe)  
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auditory association area   show
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show sensory info from chemoreceptors in nose (temporal)  
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show info from taste buds (temporal)  
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Insula   show
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prefrontal cortex   show
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affective language areas   show
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show typically left hemisphere, stores complex auditory and visual memory patterns. Receives info from all sensory association areas.  
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Damage to gen. interpretation area   show
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show language expression/comprehension, sounding out words *permanently assigned before adolescence  
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show inability to understand words seen or heard, words spoken do not make sense together  
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Limbic system   show
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show memory storage/retrieval, motivation, linking conscious functions of cortex with brain stem  
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Amygdala   show
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Hippocampus   show
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Damage to Hippocampus   show
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Reticular formation   show
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show consicousness, arousal, sends signals to cortex and antigravity muscles, receives input from afferent tracts  
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show medial and anterior section of medulla oblongata, functions to decrease action potentials from RAS, so decreased muscle tone during sleep  
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show Large amplitude, slow frequency  
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Left hemisphere   show
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show creativity, intuition, emotion  
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Disconnection syndrome   show
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Plasticity   show
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show 12 hour baby knows train travels behind curtain will come out the other side; 3 month  
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show two stimuli associated with each other (Pavlov)  
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show imitative behavior; habituation, sensitization  
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show decreased response to irrelevant stimuli (repeated)  
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Sensitization   show
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show store 8-11 pieces of information, info in STM lost unless put in LTM  
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Working memory   show
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Long-term memory   show
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Reflexive (LTM)   show
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show explicit memory, by conscious attention, involves temporal lobes  
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show chage the resting membrane potential; act rapidly for fast synapitc communication, open ion channels  
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show act upon ion channels, 2nd messenger system  
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show inhibitory CNS neurotransmitter, opens Cl channels on postynaptic targets for hyperpolarization  
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Glutamate   show
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Cerebral white matter   show
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Commisural fiber tracts   show
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Corpus callosum   show
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show transmit impulses within a single hemisphere, short association fibers connct adjacent gryi, long association fibers connect different cortical lobes  
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show vertical to unite cerebral hemispheres with lower brain and spinal cord (connect brain with rest of body)  
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internal capsule   show
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show projection tract fibers disperse into cerebral white matter  
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show corpus striatum, paired masses og gray matter found within white matter of cerebral hemispheres  
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show Putamen (neurons are active prior to body movements) and Globus pallidus (regulate muscle tone)  
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show coordinate gross motor movement patterns like gait, activity of neurons before eye movement  
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Corpus Striatum   show
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Functions of Basal nuclei   show
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Impairment of basal nuclei   show
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show substentia nigra cells destroyed, inadequate dopamine = no inhibition of basal nuclei's movement  
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L-dopa   show
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Diencephalon   show
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show sensory impulses from spinal cord, brain stem, cerebellum, to cerebal cortex.  
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Functions of Thalamus   show
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show integrates ANS and endocrine system), maintains body homeostasiss:temperature, appetite, thirst, sexual behavior, and emotion  
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show roof of third ventricle, includes choroid plexus and pineal gland  
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show melatonin from serotonin (sleep-wake), antioxidant for CNS neurons  
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Choroid plexus   show
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show midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata  
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Midbrain   show
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show (in midbrain) connects 3rd and 4th ventricles  
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Cerebral peduncles   show
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show rounded emincences on dorsal portion of midbrain, posterior to cerebral aqueduct  
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Superior colliculi   show
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show reflex for movements of head and trunk in response to auditory stimuli  
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show between midbrain and medulla oblongata, contains deep longitudianl projection fiber for the motor and senosry tracts (connect the spinal cord and medulla with higher brain centers)  
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Middle cerebellar peduncles   show
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Medulla Oblongata   show
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show (Medulla) longitudianl ridges contain corticospinal tracts from cerebral cortex  
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Inferior cerebellar peduncles   show
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Functions medulla visceral nuclei   show
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Vasodilation   show
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show increase in action potentials, increase in BP  
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Cerebellum   show
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show subconsciously coordinate fine and gross motor movements, posture, balance, fore and direction of movement  
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Anatomy of cerebellum   show
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show connects the cerebellar hemispheres  
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Folia   show
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show integrating and executing movement  
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Flocculonodular lobe of Cerebellum   show
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show efferent,(away from CNS) and afferent (toward CNS) tracts  
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Efferent Superior cerebellar pedundcle tract   show
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Afferent Superior cerebellar peduncle tract   show
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show connects pons with cerebellum, one way transmission to cerebellum = awareness of motor cortex's action  
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Inferior cerebellar peduncles   show
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show dura mater, arachnoid matter, pia mater  
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Dura mater   show
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show thicker, inelastic outer layer, adhres to cranial bones  
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Menigeal dura mater   show
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Falx cerebri   show
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Tentorium cerebelli   show
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show middle meninge, contains serous fluid (allows movment)  
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show between arachnoid and pia mater, contains CSF arachnoid villa absorbs CSF into dural sinuses  
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show thin, vascular loose CT on surface of brain, dips into all sulci and fissures  
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Cerebsopinal fluid   show
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Choroid plexuses   show
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Blood brain barrier   show
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show 31 segments, paired spinal nerves  
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Cervical enlargement   show
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Lumbar enlargement   show
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Spinal dural sheath   show
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epidural space   show
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show space between dura and arachnoid mater, contains serous fluid  
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Subarachnoid space   show
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Grey mater of spinal cord   show
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Anterior (ventral) horns   show
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show interneurons, sensory part of grey matter  
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Lateral honrs   show
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show fusing of dorsal and ventral roots.  
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Dorsal root   show
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Dorsal root ganglion   show
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show myleinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers: ascending tracts (to brain), descending tacts (to spine), horizontal tracts (one side of cord to another)  
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show white column + origin of cell bodies + termination of axons + direction of impulse within tract  
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Ascending (sensory) tracts   show
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fasciculi gracilis and fasciculi cuneatus   show
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lateral spinothalmic tract   show
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anterior spinothalmic tract   show
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show information to cerebellum for subconscious propriocrecption in trunk and lower limbs, coordinates muscle activity  
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Anterior spinocerebellar tract uses what paths   show
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show information to cerebellum vis ainferio rcerebellar peduncle about subconscious propriorecption in lower limbs  
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show receive afferent impulses from somatic recepotrs and golgi tendon organs, helps with joint position, rate of joint movement, muscle contraction  
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show dliver efferent impulses from the brain--> spinal cord  
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show "direct", precise voluntary movement, skilled patterns, includes lateral and anterior corticospinal tracts motor impulses from cerebrum--> spinal cord  
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show from brain stem for balance, posture, coarse movements, visually tracking objects  
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show coordinates head and eye movments, arises in superior colliculi of midbrain  
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Reticulospinal   show
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Pontine reticulspinal tract   show
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Medullary reticulospinal tract   show
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show balance for skeletal muscle movment in response to movements of the head  
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Rubrospinal   show
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show damage to anterior horn motor neurons = flaccid paralysis, neither voluntary or involuntary movement, no reflexes  
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show pyramidal neurons, spastic paralysis = reflex ok  
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show ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm  
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Ectoderm   show
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show muscle, Connective tissue, mesothelium and endothelium  
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show mucous membranes  
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show rod of mesodermal cells, eventaully replaced by vetebral column  
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17th day of development   show
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21st day of development   show
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23rd day of development   show
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Anterior end of neural tube   show
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posterior end of neural tube   show
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show bain forms at anteior neural tube  
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show forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), hindbrain (rhombencephalon)  
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show secondary brain vesicles, forebrain divides--> cerebrum, diencephalon (epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalmus), hindbrain pons, cerebellum, medulla oblongata  
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show from enlargements in central cavity of neural tube  
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Lateral ventricles   show
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show communicates with 3rd and 4th ventricles  
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show opens into subarachnoid space, containing CSF  
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show Choroid plexuses on roof of 3rd and 4th ventricles, contain CSF  
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Sympathetic Division   show
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Parasympathetic Division   show
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show Regulates activities that are automatic of involuntary. Maintains functioning of many organs  
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show Affrent -Transmits impulses to the CNS  
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show Efferent - Tansmits impulses from CNS to muscles or glands.  
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Peripheral Nervous System   show
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show (A) Sensory Division - Afferent (B) Motor Division - Efferent  
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Limbic system functions are:   show
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Basal ganglia   show
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show Habenular nuclei: integrate olfactory, visual and somatic afferent pathways; Pineal glang: secrets hormones that inluence the oituitary gland and several other organs  
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Brainstem:   show
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show center for vitual functions: cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centers  
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cerebellum:   show
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archicerebellum   show
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paleocerebellum ( spinocerebelum)   show
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show smooth coordination of voluntary movements, important for motor learning, sequencing of movements and visualy trigered movements  
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