Vocabulary
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| AB Blood | Universal Recipient
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| aneurysm | localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery
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| antiarrhythmic | medication adminstered to control irregularities of the heart beat
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| anticoagulant | bllod thinner, keeps blood flowing to prevent formation of blood clots
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| antihypertensives | medicine adminstered to lower blood pressure
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| aplastic anemia | characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
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| arteries | large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
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| atria | 2 upper chambers of the heart, the recieving chambers, all blood vessels coming into the heart enter here
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| basophils | formed in the red blood marrow, the least common type of WBC, responsible for the symptoms of allergies and promotes inflammatory response
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| bicuspid valve | mital valve, located between the left atrium & the left ventricle
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| capillary beds | one epithelial cell in thickness, smallest blood vessels in body, exchanges nutrients, wastes, and gases and then leaves through the venules
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| conducting system sequence | electrical impluses that are controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of HIS & the purkinje fibers.
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| congestive heart failure | heart failure, chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all the blood it recieves to meet the bodys needs
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| coronary arteries | supply oxygen rich blod to the myocardium (heart)
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| CPR | CardioPulmonary Resuscitation
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| embolus | foreign object, such as a blood clot, quanity of gas or air, or a bit of tissueor turmor that is circulating in the blodd
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| endocardium | consists of epithelial tissue, inner layer of heart
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| epicardium | viseral pericardium, external layer of the heart & inner layer of the pericardium
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| erythrocytes | red blood cells, transports oxygen by the hemoglobin (iron containing pigment)
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| fibrillation | means fast, uncontrolled, rapid, random, ineffective heart beats
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| fibrinogen | prothrombin, clotting proteins found in plasma, play important role in clot formation to control bleeding
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| 1st heart sound | lubb sound, caused by the tricuspid & mitral valves closing between the atria and the ventricles
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| formed elements | erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, hormones, nutrients, waste, cell & cell fragments that make up non-liquid parts of blood
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| function of the white blood cells | involved in defending the body against bacteria
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| primary function of the cardiovascular system | pump blood to all body tissues (transport materials to body)
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| heart | hollow muscular organ located between the lungs, pump that furnishes the power to maintain the blood flow needed throughout the entire body
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| hemolytic anemia | inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen
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| holter monitor | portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continously monitor the heart rates & rhythms over a 24 hr period
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| homocysteine | amino acid normally found in the body
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| hyperlipidemia | elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins
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| leukemia | a cancer characterised by elevated number of WBC that don't function properly
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| megaloblastic anemia | a blood disorder characterised by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal and have a reduced capacity to carry hemoglobin
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| mitral valve | bicuspid valve; located between the left atrium and the left ventricle
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| myocardial infarction | a heart attack; closing off of one or more coronary arteries which causes tissue death
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| myocardium | myocardial muscle; middle and thickest of the heart's three layers
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| P wave | shows contraction of the atria on ECG tracing
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| pericardium | pericardial sac; double-walled, membranous sac that encloses the heart
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| pernicious anemia | a lack of vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells
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| platelets | thrombocytes; smallest formed elements of the blood, plays an important role in clotting; accumulates on injury and becomes sticky to prevent bleeding
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| pulse | only felt and heard in the arteries; expanding and contracting of an artery due to force of blood
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| raynaud phenomenon | peripheral arterial occlusion disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress; symptoms are due to constricted circulation and include pallor (paleness), cyanosis (blue color), and redness of the fingers and toes
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| reticulocytes | immature red blood cells
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| right side of heart | deals with oxygen-poor blood; consists of right atrium and right ventricle
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| secondary hypertension | caused by a secondary medical condition such as a kidney disorder or a tumor on the adrenal glands
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| septicemia | blood poisoning; systemic condition caused by the spread of micro-organisms and their toxins via the circulating blood
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| sickle cell anemia | genetic or hereditary disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal, sickle shape
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| sinoatrial node | SA node; located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava; known as the natural pace-maker of the heart
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| T wave | shows the relaxation of the ventricles on ECG tracing
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| thalassemia | cooley's anemia; inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to producing less hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal
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| thallium stress test | uses radio pharmaceuticals; performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise
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| thrombotic occlusion | an attached blockage of an artery or a vein
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| thrombocytes | platelets; smallest formed elements of the blood, plays an important role in clotting; accumulates on injury and becomes sticky to prevent bleeding
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| thrombus | an attached blood clot to the interior wall of an artery or vein
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| tissue plasminogen activator | thrombolytic that is administered to some patients who are having a heart attack or stroke; if administered within a few hours after symptoms begin, this medication can dissolve the damaging blood clots
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| tricuspid valve | controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle
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| universal donor | o blood type
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| universal recipient | ab blood type
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| upper chambers | the receiving chambers of the heart; consist of the left and right atria
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| veins | return blood from all body parts to the heart; contain one-way valves that enable to flow only toward the heart
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| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart; the pumping or discharging chambers
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| ventricular fibrillation | rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles; instead of pumping strongly, the heart muscle quivers ineffectively which may result in death
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| apex | pointed lower end of the heart
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| pulmonary semilunar valve | located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
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| pulminary circulation | the flood of blood only between the heart and lungs
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| pulminary veins | carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart
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| systemic circulation | flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs; oxygenated blood flows out of the left ventricle and into the arterial circulation
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| atrioventricular node | AV node; located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum where it transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His
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| bundle of His | group of fibers located in the intervenrticular septum that carry an electrical impule to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions; these electrical impulses travel onward to the left and right ventricals and the purkinje fibers
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| aorta | largest blood vessel in the body
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| venules | smaller veins that join together and form larger veins
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| venae cavae | two largest veins in the body; return blood from the heart
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| superior vena cava | transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart
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| inferior vena cava | transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart
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| arterioles | deliver blood to the capillaries
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| systole | contraction of the heart
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| diastole | relaxation of the heart
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| blood | fluid tissue in the body that is composed of liquid plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, hormones, nutrients, wastes, and cells and cell fragments which make up the non-liquid part of blood
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| plasma | the liquid part of blood; contains nutrients, hormones and waste products;
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| serum | plasma fluid after blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed
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| leukocytes | white blood cells; defends the body against diseases
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| neutrophils | formed in the red bone marrow; the most common type of WBC
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| eosinophils | formed in the red bone marrow and then migrates to the tissues throughout the body; destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in alergic reactions
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| angina | condition of episodes of severe chest pain caused by inadequate blood flow to the myocardium
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| arrythmia | rapid, random, useless, and ineffective heartbeat; loss of the normal rythm of the heartbeat
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| atrial fibrillation | normal rythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the heart wall
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| varicose veins | abnormally swollen veins, usually occuring in the superficial veins of the legs
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| polycythemia | increase in the number of red blood cells present in the blood due to excess production by the bone marrow
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| cholesterol | fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body
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| ACE inhibitor | blocks action of kidney hormone renin that causes blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension; when enzyme is blocked, blood vessels are able to dilate, the heart muscle contracts, & this reduces BP; used 2 treat hypertension, heart failure, & MI
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| beta blocker | reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heart beat; used to lower BP, relieve angina, and treat heart failure
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| calcium channel blocker | reduces contraction of muscles that squeeze blood vessels tight; used to treat hypertension, or to relieve or treat angina
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| diuretic | stimulates the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine in order to help rid the body of excess sodium and water; treats hypertension and adema
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| asprin | slightly reduces the ability of the blood to clot; reduces the risk of heart attack or stroke if taken daily
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| cholesterol lowering drugs | combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the undesirable cholesterol levels in the blood
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| coumadin | anticoagulant; used to prevent blood clots, certain types of heartbeat irregularities, or after heart attack or heart valve replacement surgery
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| digitalis | brand names Digoxin and Lanixion; strengthens the contraction of the heart muscles, slows the heart rate, and helps to eliminate fluid from the body tissues; used to treat heart failure, certain types of arrhythmias and atrialfibrillation
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| thrombolytic medication | a clot busting drug; dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up
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| vasoconstrictor | causes blood vessels to narrow
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| vasodialator | causes blood vessels to expand
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| nitroglycerin | a vasodialator used to prevent or relieve pain from angina; increases the blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart; can be administered sublingually, transdermally, or orally as a spray
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| hemostasis | to stop or control bleeding
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