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A& P Chapter 4
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AB Blood | Universal Recipient |
| aneurysm | localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery |
| antiarrhythmic | medication adminstered to control irregularities of the heart beat |
| anticoagulant | bllod thinner, keeps blood flowing to prevent formation of blood clots |
| antihypertensives | medicine adminstered to lower blood pressure |
| aplastic anemia | characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements by the failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow |
| arteries | large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart |
| atria | 2 upper chambers of the heart, the recieving chambers, all blood vessels coming into the heart enter here |
| basophils | formed in the red blood marrow, the least common type of WBC, responsible for the symptoms of allergies and promotes inflammatory response |
| bicuspid valve | mital valve, located between the left atrium & the left ventricle |
| capillary beds | one epithelial cell in thickness, smallest blood vessels in body, exchanges nutrients, wastes, and gases and then leaves through the venules |
| conducting system sequence | electrical impluses that are controlled by the sinoatrial (SA) node, atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of HIS & the purkinje fibers. |
| congestive heart failure | heart failure, chronic condition in which the heart is unable to pump out all the blood it recieves to meet the bodys needs |
| coronary arteries | supply oxygen rich blod to the myocardium (heart) |
| CPR | CardioPulmonary Resuscitation |
| embolus | foreign object, such as a blood clot, quanity of gas or air, or a bit of tissueor turmor that is circulating in the blodd |
| endocardium | consists of epithelial tissue, inner layer of heart |
| epicardium | viseral pericardium, external layer of the heart & inner layer of the pericardium |
| erythrocytes | red blood cells, transports oxygen by the hemoglobin (iron containing pigment) |
| fibrillation | means fast, uncontrolled, rapid, random, ineffective heart beats |
| fibrinogen | prothrombin, clotting proteins found in plasma, play important role in clot formation to control bleeding |
| 1st heart sound | lubb sound, caused by the tricuspid & mitral valves closing between the atria and the ventricles |
| formed elements | erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, hormones, nutrients, waste, cell & cell fragments that make up non-liquid parts of blood |
| function of the white blood cells | involved in defending the body against bacteria |
| primary function of the cardiovascular system | pump blood to all body tissues (transport materials to body) |
| heart | hollow muscular organ located between the lungs, pump that furnishes the power to maintain the blood flow needed throughout the entire body |
| hemolytic anemia | inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to the premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen |
| holter monitor | portable electrocardiograph that is worn by an ambulatory patient to continously monitor the heart rates & rhythms over a 24 hr period |
| homocysteine | amino acid normally found in the body |
| hyperlipidemia | elevated levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins |
| leukemia | a cancer characterised by elevated number of WBC that don't function properly |
| megaloblastic anemia | a blood disorder characterised by anemia in which the red blood cells are larger than normal and have a reduced capacity to carry hemoglobin |
| mitral valve | bicuspid valve; located between the left atrium and the left ventricle |
| myocardial infarction | a heart attack; closing off of one or more coronary arteries which causes tissue death |
| myocardium | myocardial muscle; middle and thickest of the heart's three layers |
| P wave | shows contraction of the atria on ECG tracing |
| pericardium | pericardial sac; double-walled, membranous sac that encloses the heart |
| pernicious anemia | a lack of vitamin B12, which is necessary for the formation of red blood cells |
| platelets | thrombocytes; smallest formed elements of the blood, plays an important role in clotting; accumulates on injury and becomes sticky to prevent bleeding |
| pulse | only felt and heard in the arteries; expanding and contracting of an artery due to force of blood |
| raynaud phenomenon | peripheral arterial occlusion disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress; symptoms are due to constricted circulation and include pallor (paleness), cyanosis (blue color), and redness of the fingers and toes |
| reticulocytes | immature red blood cells |
| right side of heart | deals with oxygen-poor blood; consists of right atrium and right ventricle |
| secondary hypertension | caused by a secondary medical condition such as a kidney disorder or a tumor on the adrenal glands |
| septicemia | blood poisoning; systemic condition caused by the spread of micro-organisms and their toxins via the circulating blood |
| sickle cell anemia | genetic or hereditary disorder that causes abnormal hemoglobin resulting in some red blood cells assuming an abnormal, sickle shape |
| sinoatrial node | SA node; located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava; known as the natural pace-maker of the heart |
| T wave | shows the relaxation of the ventricles on ECG tracing |
| thalassemia | cooley's anemia; inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to producing less hemoglobin and fewer red blood cells than normal |
| thallium stress test | uses radio pharmaceuticals; performed to evaluate how well blood flows through the coronary arteries of the heart muscle during exercise |
| thrombotic occlusion | an attached blockage of an artery or a vein |
| thrombocytes | platelets; smallest formed elements of the blood, plays an important role in clotting; accumulates on injury and becomes sticky to prevent bleeding |
| thrombus | an attached blood clot to the interior wall of an artery or vein |
| tissue plasminogen activator | thrombolytic that is administered to some patients who are having a heart attack or stroke; if administered within a few hours after symptoms begin, this medication can dissolve the damaging blood clots |
| tricuspid valve | controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle |
| universal donor | o blood type |
| universal recipient | ab blood type |
| upper chambers | the receiving chambers of the heart; consist of the left and right atria |
| veins | return blood from all body parts to the heart; contain one-way valves that enable to flow only toward the heart |
| ventricles | the two lower chambers of the heart; the pumping or discharging chambers |
| ventricular fibrillation | rapid, irregular, and useless contractions of the ventricles; instead of pumping strongly, the heart muscle quivers ineffectively which may result in death |
| apex | pointed lower end of the heart |
| pulmonary semilunar valve | located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery |
| pulminary circulation | the flood of blood only between the heart and lungs |
| pulminary veins | carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atrium of the heart |
| systemic circulation | flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs; oxygenated blood flows out of the left ventricle and into the arterial circulation |
| atrioventricular node | AV node; located on the floor of the right atrium near the interatrial septum where it transmits the electrical impulses onward to the bundle of His |
| bundle of His | group of fibers located in the intervenrticular septum that carry an electrical impule to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions; these electrical impulses travel onward to the left and right ventricals and the purkinje fibers |
| aorta | largest blood vessel in the body |
| venules | smaller veins that join together and form larger veins |
| venae cavae | two largest veins in the body; return blood from the heart |
| superior vena cava | transports blood from the upper portion of the body to the heart |
| inferior vena cava | transports blood from the lower portion of the body to the heart |
| arterioles | deliver blood to the capillaries |
| systole | contraction of the heart |
| diastole | relaxation of the heart |
| blood | fluid tissue in the body that is composed of liquid plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, thrombocytes, hormones, nutrients, wastes, and cells and cell fragments which make up the non-liquid part of blood |
| plasma | the liquid part of blood; contains nutrients, hormones and waste products; |
| serum | plasma fluid after blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed |
| leukocytes | white blood cells; defends the body against diseases |
| neutrophils | formed in the red bone marrow; the most common type of WBC |
| eosinophils | formed in the red bone marrow and then migrates to the tissues throughout the body; destroy parasitic organisms and play a major role in alergic reactions |
| angina | condition of episodes of severe chest pain caused by inadequate blood flow to the myocardium |
| arrythmia | rapid, random, useless, and ineffective heartbeat; loss of the normal rythm of the heartbeat |
| atrial fibrillation | normal rythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the heart wall |
| varicose veins | abnormally swollen veins, usually occuring in the superficial veins of the legs |
| polycythemia | increase in the number of red blood cells present in the blood due to excess production by the bone marrow |
| cholesterol | fatty substance that travels through the blood and is found in all parts of the body |
| ACE inhibitor | blocks action of kidney hormone renin that causes blood vessels to contract, resulting in hypertension; when enzyme is blocked, blood vessels are able to dilate, the heart muscle contracts, & this reduces BP; used 2 treat hypertension, heart failure, & MI |
| beta blocker | reduces the workload of the heart by slowing the rate of the heart beat; used to lower BP, relieve angina, and treat heart failure |
| calcium channel blocker | reduces contraction of muscles that squeeze blood vessels tight; used to treat hypertension, or to relieve or treat angina |
| diuretic | stimulates the kidneys to increase the secretion of urine in order to help rid the body of excess sodium and water; treats hypertension and adema |
| asprin | slightly reduces the ability of the blood to clot; reduces the risk of heart attack or stroke if taken daily |
| cholesterol lowering drugs | combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the undesirable cholesterol levels in the blood |
| coumadin | anticoagulant; used to prevent blood clots, certain types of heartbeat irregularities, or after heart attack or heart valve replacement surgery |
| digitalis | brand names Digoxin and Lanixion; strengthens the contraction of the heart muscles, slows the heart rate, and helps to eliminate fluid from the body tissues; used to treat heart failure, certain types of arrhythmias and atrialfibrillation |
| thrombolytic medication | a clot busting drug; dissolves or causes a thrombus to break up |
| vasoconstrictor | causes blood vessels to narrow |
| vasodialator | causes blood vessels to expand |
| nitroglycerin | a vasodialator used to prevent or relieve pain from angina; increases the blood flow and oxygen supply to the heart; can be administered sublingually, transdermally, or orally as a spray |
| hemostasis | to stop or control bleeding |
Created by:
Redd
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