Body Structure
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| cell | basic unit of all living things.
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| cell membrane | forms the boundary of the cell
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| cytoplasm | gel-like fluid inside the cell
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| nucleus | largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes and is the control center of the cell
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| chromosomes | located in the necleus of the cell. There are 46 in all human cells, with the exception of the mature sex cell, which has 23
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| genes | regions within the chromosome. Each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics.
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| DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | each gene is composed of DNA, a chemical that regulates the activities of the cell
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| tissue | group of similar cells that performs a specific task
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| muscle tissue | composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement
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| nervous tissue | found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities
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| connective tissue | connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat) and osseous (bone) tissues are types of connective tissue
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| epithelial tissue | the major covering of the external surface of the body, forms membranes that line body cavities and organs, and is the major tissue in glands
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| organ | two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions. (the skin is an organ composed of epithelial, connective, muscle, and nerve tissue)
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| system | group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions. (the nervous system is made up of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; its function is to coordinate and control other body parts
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| cranial cavity | space inside the skull (cranium), containing the brain -
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| spinal cavity | space inside the spinal column, containing the spinal cord
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| thoracic (chest cavity) | space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi
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| abdominal cavity | space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters
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| pelvic cavity | space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, part of the large intestine, and the rectum
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| abdominopelvic cavity | both the pelvic and abdominal cavities
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| aden/o | gland
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| cyt/o | cell
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| epitheli/o | epithelium
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| fibr/o | fiber
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| hist/o | tissue
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| kary/o | necleus
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| lip/o | fat
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| my/o | muscle
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| neur/o | nerve
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| organ/o | organ
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| sarc/o | flesh, connective tissue
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| system/o | system
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| viscer/o | internal organs
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| cancer/o, carcin/o | cancer (a disease characterized by the unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells)
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| eti/o | cause (of disease)
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| gno/o | knowledge
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| iatr/o | physician, medicine (also means treatment)
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| lei/o | smooth
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| onc/o | tumor, mass
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| path/o | disease
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| rhabd/o | rod-shaped, striated
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| somat/o | body
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| chlor/o | green
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| chrom/o | color
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| cyan/o | blue
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| erythr/o | red
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| leuk/o | white
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| melan/o | black
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| xanth/o | yellow
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| dia- | through, complete
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| dys- | difficult, labored, painful, abnormal
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| hyper- | above, excessive
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| hypo- | below, incomplete, deficient
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| meta- | after, beyond, change
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| neo- | new
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| pro- | before
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| -al, -ic, -ous | pertaining to
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| -cyte | cell
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| -gen | substance or agent that produces or causes
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| -genesis | origin, cause
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| -logist | one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)
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| -logy | study of
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| -oid | resembling
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| -oma | tumor, swelling
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| -osis | abnormal condition (means increase when used with blood cell word roots)
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| -pathy | disease
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| -plasia | condition of formation, development, growth
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| -plasm | a growth, a substance, a formation
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| -sarcoma | malignant tumor
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| -sis | state of
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| -stasis | control, stop, standing
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| pooster | pooster
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