AP History Notes-Unit 2 600 C.E. - 1450
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| What is the holy place of Islam? | Mecca
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| Mecca is used for what? | Trading crossroads
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| What is the Ka'aba? | Large holy building that has fallen from Heaven and has special powers
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| Who is Muhammad? | Muslim Prophet who preached mootheism in Mecca
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| What does Islam mean? | "Submit" to God's will
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| What are the Five duties "PILLARS" of Islam? | Faith, Prayer, Fasting, Alms, Hajj
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| What is the Hajj? | The pilgrimage to Mecca if able
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| What do Muslims call God? | Allah
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| What does a Muslim caliph resemble in Christianity? | The Pope
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| What are the two divisions of Islam? | Shia and Sunni
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| What is the Shia? | The family members of Muhammmad- descendants of Ali
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| What is the Sunni? | Chosen from the Umma-Muslim community
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| What is a government run by religon? | Theocratic
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| The caliph is: | The emperor, pope, AND chief justice
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| Who became the caliph after Muhammad? | Abu Bakr
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| What is a jihad? | Conquering region for religon and covert
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| Were there colleges? | There were instituions of higher learning. (Yes.)
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| What was the Muslim key, significant role in preserving Western culture? | The learning of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Persians was preserved by the Muslims. They translated the writings of Plato and Aristotle to Arabic
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| What peninsula was important? | The Iberian Peninsula
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| Was education in Muslim schools free? | Yes
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| Why were people taxed? | They were taxed if they were NOT Muslims
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| What are suffis? | Islamic mystics
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| Who do Muslims have respect for? | Christians and Jews "The People of the Book"
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| What changed negative treatment towards women? | The Qur'an
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| What was forbidden? | Infanticide (Killing babies)
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| Muhammad's wife Khadija was what? | SHE was his boss and businesswoman
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| Before Islam women were: | Viewed as property
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| After Islam, women were: | Treated better. Man should have one wife (But Up to four wives if he can provide for them.)
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| What is a umayyad? | A group of people
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| Who are the "PEOPLE OF THE BOOK?" | Christians, Jews, and Muslims
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| What is Sharia? | A model for your life if you are a Muslim
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| What is a big deal for the Islamic Empire? | Science
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| What did the Islamic empire establish? | Zero is a place value
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| What improvements in medicine? | Optic (Eye) surgery
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| What improvements in navigation? | Cartographers most detailed maps in the world
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| What is an astrolabe? | Measured distnace to star in order to find your location. Used by Muslims to navigate
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| In what way did the Muslims interact with people? | By trade
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| What is the first alliance for trade? | Hanseatic League
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| What is Ghana called? | "land of gold"
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| Europe mints what? | Gold coins
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| What happens when the Mail king, Mansa Musa converted to Islam? | Many of his people also converted with him
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| What was Timbuktu? | A cultural center for Muslims (like Paris or NY city)
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| What is another name for the Indian Ocean Trade? | Sea Roads
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| What happened when sailors married local women on their routes? | Cultures mixed
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| What are Chinese Junks? | Huge boats
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| What did the Silk Routes connect? | China to Mediterranean
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| What kind of Christianity remained in Africa, Ethiopia, and Egypt? | Coptic Christianity
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| Pope encouraged what? | Military expeditions to reclaim holy land
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| Where is the Holy Land? | Jerusalem
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| Who controlled the largest land empire? | Genghis Khan
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| What is a system where leaders are chosen for ability instead of family relations? | A Meritocracy
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| What are flanking maneuvers? | Comeing around and going from behind
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| What is a horde? | A herd of people
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| What conquered Russia? | The Golden Horde
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| What is the largest single empire in human history? | The Mongol empire
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| The Mongol empire did what when approaching a city? | They promised to spare the inhabitants. But, if the inhabitants disagreed, they'd murder every human and animal
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| The Mongols used what from China? | Paper currency
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| What is the yam? | Pony Express- The postal sysem of the Mongols
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| Who is Genghis Khan's son? | Ogodei
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| What is the code of honor of the Mongols? | Batu
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| Why did the Mongols not conquer Japan? | Violent Storms (Japan thinks the Gods saved them by producing storms)
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| Mongols conquer China and call their dynasty what? | Yuan
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| Mongols and Chinese were: | Segregated
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| What does Pax Mongolica? | Peace in Mongolia
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| What does conduit mean? | A conductor for cultural excange
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| What is the biggest impact of the Mongols? | A conduit (conductor) or cultural exchange
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| Kubia Khan would not allow what? | Would not allow Chinese to learn Mongol language
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| China was not allowed to Mongolize and what important thing happened? | China kept their own culture
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| What religon is encouraged aggresively in the Sui kingdom? | Buddhism
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| When do the Mongols take over China? | During the Yuan Dynasty
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| What is a gentry? | Smart old people
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| What is a meritocracy? | Based on how good you are is how the government rules
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| Countries must do what before they can trade with China? | They mush show China is the best place
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| Tang/Song Dynasty had what two things? | Paper Money, Flying money (Credit)
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| Tang/Song invented what? | Gunpowder for military (There was no gun yet though)
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| What is block printing? | Carve out letters on wood. Dip wood in ink.
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| What was a major trading port in China? | Port of Canton
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| Tang/Song rivaled what? | British iron production during the Industrial Revolution.
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| Rice from Vietnam? | Champa rice
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| Because of Champa rice, what happened? | Population increased from 45 to 115 million
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| What was most significant in the Tang Dynasty? | Poetry
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| What was most significant in the Song Dynasty? | Printing process that expanded literacy
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| Who was the first impress of China? | Wu Zhao
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| Wu Zhao was : | Ruthless to adversaries and compassionate to peasants
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| Song had what? | foot binding
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| Song marriages were set up to benefit who? | The Groom
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| Following han, what religon formed? | Zorastrians, Islam,a dn Mahayana Buddhism
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| What is New-confucian thought? | Looks at ancient texts from Confucius Reinforced gender and class divisions
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| Urbanization in song was what? | some cities exceeded one billion people
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| What is kow-tow? | You must bow with head on ground and say that China is best
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| What is geography of Japan? | Four main islands and relatively isolated
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| The Yamato clan is what? | Th First and only dynasty to rule Japan. (The emperor today is still part of the Yamato.)
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| What is kow-tow? | You must bow with head on ground and say that China is best
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| What is geography of Japan? | Four main islands and relatively isolated
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| The Yamato clan is what? | Th First and only dynasty to rule Japan. (The emperor today is still part of the Yamato.)
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| What did Japan take from China? | Chinese characters but they did not work with Japanese language
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| Japan took what from China? | Buddhism, Chinese architecturem Confusian literary classics, organization of government, law codes, tax system, calendar, art, literature, music
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| What did Japan reject from China? | Confucianism and Civil service exam
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| In Japan: | Education is NOT as important as birth
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| Japanese emperor CAN NOT be: | Overthrown
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| Japan had a ____ society? | FEUDAL
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| What does the Shinto religon mean? | "way of the gods"
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| What is kami? | Spirits in everything
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| Yamato claimed descendant from what: | Sun goddess
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| What is the Golden Age in Japan? | Fujiwara
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| Lady Muraski-The Tale of Genji is what? | epic about love/court life
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| "Way of the Warrior" is what? | Code of Bushido (Chivalry)
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| Chivalry is: | Loyalty, courage, honor
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| What si Seppuku- hari kari? | Disembowlment (Killing self)
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| What are the Four Cardinal Virtues? | Fidelity (Faithful) ; Virility (Fearlessness) ; Truthfulness ; Simplicity
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| Samurai was called to protect who periodically? | The emperor
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| Shogunate is what? | Loose government under shogun (rich guy)
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| What is Noh drama? | big masks, smooth quiet movements
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| Vietnam grows what major plant? | RICE
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| Vietnam has a desire to do what? | Distinguish themselves as unique
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| What is Angkor Wat? | Some of Vietnam's most extensive temple conplexes
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| Who is Vishnu? | The Hindu God
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| What role did women play in Vietnam? | More privlages
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| What is self autonomy? | Independence ; rely on yourself
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| Western Rome had what? | Estates\manors
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| Western Rome had: | Form of free agricultural labor
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| The free labor ensured what? | A steady food supply
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| The laborors were NOT slaves and could NOT BE | Bought or sold
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| The laborors in Western Rome could: | Could pass on property to heirs
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| What kind of plow did the Western Romans use? | Moldboard plow in 8th century that is able to turn soil
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| What emerged in West Rome? | A middle class -craftsmen/merchants
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| What is the capital of Eastern Rome? | Constantinople
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| What provided stability in East Byzantine Rome? | Coined money
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| What did the East Byzantine Empire serve as? | Crossroads of Europe and Asia
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| Constantine is a preserver of what? | Preserver of Christianty
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| What renewed economic growth in the East Byzantine? | Rise of towns and the use of money instead of barter
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| Who was the emperor of ALL of Rome? | Constantine
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| Who converted EVERYONE IN EUROPE TO CHRISTIANITY? | Constantine
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| Rome split into what? | East and West
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| What is Western Rome? | The Holy Roman Empire
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| What is Eastern Rome? | The Byzantine Empire
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| West Rome is what key word? | Popy The Pope is there
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| East Rome is what key word? | Greecy
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| Why was trade unbalanced? | East showed little interest in Western goods
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| What are bad effects of trade? | Christian and Muslimss are hostile towards each other
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| What were the Muslims all about? | Education
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| What was present in both Christianity and Islam? | Anti-Semitism (Anti-Jewish)
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| What happened when the Vikings became Christians? | They settled and stopped killing people
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| What is feudalism? | King has power over his kingdom. Nobles granted land in exchange for service/loyalty.
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| Nobles divided land among: | Vassals
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| Vassals divided land among: | Subordinate vassals
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| Who worked the subordinate vassals' land? | Peasants
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| What is your staus defined by in Eastern Byzantine? | Your birth Lord > Knight > merchant > Artisan > peasant
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| Peasants could not do what without permission? | Leave their land
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| What reinforced Byzantine women as weak/subordinate? | Chivalry
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| What offered Byzantine women opportunities? | Convents
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| What is the primogeniture? | Eldest son gets the land
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| Women were regarded as what in Byzantine? | As property
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| at was it like in the West Holy Roman Empire? | Small feudal kingdoms
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| How were disputes settled in the West Holy Roman Empire? | By battle or Marriages
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| Who was the first emperor of the Holy Roman Empire? | Charlemagne
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| Who is Charles the Great? | Charlemagne
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| Charlemagne established what? | Papal (Pope) authority over kings
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| Istambl was once what city? | Constantinople
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| What does Papal mean? | Pope
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| What country do the Franks get? | France
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| When did the Franks convert to Christianity? | During the 5th century
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| What dynasty is based on Charlemagne? | Carolingian Dynasty
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| Who is the Duke of Normandy? | William the Conqueror
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| In England, who do the vassals owe allegiance to? | The monarch
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| Who did the nobles want to control tax policies of? | King John
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| Who was forced to sign the Magna Carta? | King John
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| What did the Magna Carta do? | No taxation without representation; No arbitrary arrest; Guarantee of justice to all; Monarchy not above the law; Entitled nobility to basic rights; Later all social classes recieved basic rights
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| What was the Great Charter? | The Magna Carta
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| What was the House of Lords in England? | The clergy and nobility
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| What was the House of Commons? | Urban elite class
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| What did Voltaire say about the Holy Roman Empire? | It is "Neither holy, nor Roman, nor an empire."
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| What is the East Byzantine? | Greecy
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| Who fought the Hundred Years War 1337-1453? | France Vs. England (France wins)
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| When did Joan of Arc fight? | During the hundred years war
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| What blended Greek and Roman elements? | The East Byzantine Empire
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| Which side of split Rome had Icons? | East Byzantines
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| What are icons? | Painted images of Christian saints, Virgin Mary, and Jesus
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| Under Justinian (East), what flourished? | Trade and arts
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| What is Hagia Sophia? | A Cathedral that later became a Mosque when the Muslims took over Turkey
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| What was the capital of the West Holy Roman Empire? | Rome
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| Who was Catholic? | West Holy Roman Empire
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| What was the East Byzantine capital of Rome? | Constantinople
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| Who was the Greek/Roman learning maintained by? | Muslims in Spain
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| Universities were built during the High Middle Ages where? | West Holy Roman Empire
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| West had what type of architecture? | Gothic (Muslim designs + Western architectural technology
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| Johan Gutenberg created what? | Moveable type and printed the Luter's Bible
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| What was a key role in Renaissance/Reformation/Scientific Revolution? | Gutenberg's moveable type
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| China create what? | Firearms/gunpowder
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| What is scholastism? | Reconcile logic and faith
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| What are troubadours and minstrels? | Traveling musicians
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| What was the Latin elite language? | Language
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| What is vernacular? | Local language
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| Whose influence were universities originally under? | The Church's influence
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| What kind of architecture was in Byzantine/Middle East? | Castle building
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| What kind of architecture required a higher degree of skill? | Cathedrals
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| What could take a century to build and required a lot of money? | Cathedrals
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| What is the Romanesque style like? | Thick walls, small windows, square blocky building
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| What is the Gothic style like? | Tall, slender spires, ornate carvings, large stained-glass
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| Europe followed an honor code and Japanese Feudalism followed what? | Chivalry
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| What are similarities between European and Japanese feudalism? (Europe always first) | Europe- Knights to samurai; Japan- Vassals who served in lord's military force
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| What are similarities between European and Japanese feudalism? (Europe always first) | In contrast to bushido- Chivalry was a two-sided contract between vassal/lord.
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| What are similarities between European and Japanese feudalism? (Europe always first) | Started 800s after division of Holy Roman Empire vs. started in opposition to power of the Fujiwara
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| What are similarities between European and Japanese feudalism? (Europe always first) | Hereditary- length of service Vs. Emperor (Europe) VS. hereditary, but shogan Japan
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| What are similarities between European and Japanese feudalism? (Europe always first) | Large population engaged in agriculture VS. smal agriculture population
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| What are similarities between European and Japanese feudalism? (Europe always first) | Bushido applied to both men and women of samurai class VS. Chivalry only followed by knights
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| What is bushido? | Chialry
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| In the West, the Pope said that icons are bad. So what happened? | Western Catholics destroyed ALL Eastern icons.
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| What happened in effect of Western Catholics destroying all Eastern Icons? | Easterns ex-communicated the Pope. Formed Eastern Orthodox
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| Why was Eastern Orthodox formed? | The Pope ordered all Eastern icons to be destroyed
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| East and West practiced what differently? | Christianity
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| What is Monasticism? | Monasteries
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| When did Christianity split into Roman Catholicism and Christian Orthodoxy? | 1054
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| What two brances of Christianity formed in 1054? | Roman Catholicism (West) and Eastern Orthodox
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| East Byzantine is what form of Christianity? | Eastern Orthodox
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| What is iconoclasm? | Use of icons during worship
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| How many Holy Sacraments are there? | Seven
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| Why does Papal (Pope) authority expand? | Refusal to pay taxes for Church land and people willed land to the Church after death
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| Politics was LESS____, while religon was MORE ___? | Centralized; centralized
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| What is an edict from the Pope? | A message/declaration from the Pope
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| What was running the government in the West? | The Church was over the government
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| Church serviced in the West were in what language? | Latin (Only the Pope knew Latin)
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| Who was the EARLIEST Meso-American state? | The OLMECS
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| Which Middle American group of people had pyramids and large stone sculptures (Basalt heads) | The Olmecs
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| Who were the first people in the Americas? | The Olmecs
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| Where were the Mayan people? | Southern Mexico and Guatamala
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| List the American civilizations in order from first to last: | 1-Olmecs 2-Maya 3-Aztecs 4-Incas
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| What were the majority of the Maya people? | Peasants and slaves
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| Where were the Aztecs located? | Mexico
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| How were the Aztec women treated? | Well. Women who died in childbirth were honored similar to men dying in battle.
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| Aztec women could inherit: | Property and will it to heirs
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| What Aztec women's talent was honored? | weaving
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| Where were the Inca's located? | Peru
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| How were Incan women viewed? | Wives viewed as domestic servants
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| Incan women had the option of what? | A religous life and serving in temples of gods
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| The Mayans built what? | Pyramids like the Egyptians
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| Chichen Itza was the important city of what American civilization? | Mayas
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| The height of the Mayans is: | Very late
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| The Mayans believed that: | God created humans out of maize (corn)
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| Mayan war = | = Mayan religon (war is the same as religon)
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| Why did Mayans acquire slaves? | THERE WERE NO LARGE ANIMALS (BEASTS OF BURDEN)
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| THE MAYAN GOLDEN AGE WAS SO LATE BECAUSE OF WHAT? | THEY DID NOT HAVE BEASTS OF BURDEN
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| When was the Mayan Golden Age? | 500 > 850 CE
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| Mayan calendar was based on what? | zero
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| Who had the jaguar god/feathered serpent and the Sun god? | Aztecs
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| The Aztecs had what? | human sacrifice on extremely large scale
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| Pyramids point to what? | Heaven
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| The Incas built what? | Thousands of miles of roads
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| Incas had temple of what? | The Sun and the most important sun god
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| The Incas had a what | High level of civilization without developing alphabet/written language
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| A quipo was what? | Incan financial system (knots on cords/strings)
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| The Incan Machu Picchu was what? | Great temple/fortress complex (where the gods reside)
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| The Mayans had what? | Advanced agricultural techniques
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| Cotton and maize was widely cultivated by whom? | Mayans
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| What is a chinampa? | Twisted vines with soil on top that floated in canals
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| Who had hieroglyphics? | Mayans
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| What are hieroglyphics? | picture writing
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| Who had terrace farming (staircase fashion)? | Incas
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| What is animal husbandry? | breeding
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| Which animals were used for breeding? | llamas, alpacas, vicunas
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| Agriculture done WITHOUT WHAT? | WHEEL AND LARGE BEASTS OF BURDEN
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| What were the reasons for the Mayan decline? | Disease, drought, internal unrest (fighting), deserted cities
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| What was the chief city of the Aztecs? | Tenochtitlan (Mexico City today)
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| What are causeways? | Waterways
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| The Incas were part of what? | The Andeans Mountains
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| The Incas major city? | Royal court in Cuzco city- Great King Inca
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| It was punishable by death to do what in the Incan society? | To look at the Great king Inca
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| Cuzco is a: | Place (Incas)
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| Moundbuilders of Norht America are who? | Incas
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| What were earthern mounds? | burial places/ceremonial centers
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| Cahokia in Illinois was the most famous what? | Earthen mound
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| The Aztecs did what to prisoners of war? | Sacrificed them
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| The Mongols brought about what? | Facilitation of trade and exchange of products that brought wealth to merchants.
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| Paper money (Chinese invention) was used in what? | Mongolian trade
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| What does Pax Mongolica mean? | Peace Mongols
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| No one can trade with China on land because the MONGOLS block land, so: | Must USE SEA ROUTES (ENCOURAGED EXPLORATION OF THE SEAS AND THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA)
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| The Mongols help spread what disease? | The bubonic plague
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| How many people die from bubonic plague? | 1/3 of Europeans die
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| Norse means: | Northern
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| Anthropomorphic means: | Personification (humanlike qualities)
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| The Vikings from Northern Europe: | were skilled invaders, explorers, traders, colonists
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| The Vikings: | Raided/terrorized coastal communities
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| Newfoundland was found by: | Leif Ericsson
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| Favorite Viking target to destroy was: | Monasteries
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| Viking settlements known as: | Norman "Northmen"
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| Norman lord, William, invaded England in what year? | 1066
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| Vikings defeated Saxons and established power in: | Britain
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| Over time, the Vikings: | Christianized
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| What centered Vikings worldview? | Warriors
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| What was the Norse (Viking) economy based on? | Plunder (taking whatever you want)
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| What were Viking legal assemblies called? | "Tings"
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| What written language did the Vikings have? | "Runic"
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| Henry II was: | Greatest early Norman king in England
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| Henry II married who? | Eleanor of Aquitaine- the previous queen of France
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| France and England became one while: | Henry II married Eleanor of Aquitaine
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| Who was forced to sign the Magna Carta? | King John
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| Golden Age of Pericles | ???
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Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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