Urinary System- Vocabulary
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| arteriole | small artery.
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| calx or calix cayces or calices | cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
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| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids
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| cortex | outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex).
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| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
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| creatine clearance | is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood.
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| electrolyte | chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves.
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| erythropoietin (EPO) | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -poetin means a substance that forms.
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| filtration | process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.
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| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerus; known as the Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.
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| glomerulus glomeruli | tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.
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| hilum | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
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| kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.
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| meatus | opening or canal.
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| medulla | inner region of an organ. the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla).
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| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney; the functional unit of the kidney. 1 million per kidney.
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| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.
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| potassium (k+) | an electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood; essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
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| reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
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| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.
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| renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney.
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| renal tubule | microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
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| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.
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| renin | hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels).
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| sodium (Na+) | an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.
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| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder.
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| urea | major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
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| ureter | one of the two tubes leading from the kidnets to the urinary bladder.
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| urethra | tube leading from the kidneys to the outside of the body.
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| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
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| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
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| urination (voiding) | process of expelling urine; also called micturition.
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