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Chapner CH7 Vocab
Urinary System- Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arteriole | small artery. |
| calx or calix cayces or calices | cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis |
| catheter | tube for injecting or removing fluids |
| cortex | outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex). |
| creatinine | nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. |
| creatine clearance | is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood. |
| electrolyte | chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. |
| erythropoietin (EPO) | hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -poetin means a substance that forms. |
| filtration | process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter. |
| glomerular capsule | enclosing structure surrounding each glomerus; known as the Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus. |
| glomerulus glomeruli | tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney. |
| hilum | depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. |
| kidney | one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine. |
| meatus | opening or canal. |
| medulla | inner region of an organ. the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla). |
| nephron | combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney; the functional unit of the kidney. 1 million per kidney. |
| nitrogenous waste | substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine. |
| potassium (k+) | an electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood; essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses. |
| reabsorption | process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream. |
| renal artery | blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney. |
| renal pelvis | central collecting region in the kidney. |
| renal tubule | microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration. |
| renal vein | blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart. |
| renin | hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels). |
| sodium (Na+) | an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions. |
| trigone | triangular area in the urinary bladder. |
| urea | major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine. |
| ureter | one of the two tubes leading from the kidnets to the urinary bladder. |
| urethra | tube leading from the kidneys to the outside of the body. |
| uric acid | nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine. |
| urinary bladder | hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine. |
| urination (voiding) | process of expelling urine; also called micturition. |
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