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Chapner CH7 Vocab

Urinary System- Vocabulary

QuestionAnswer
arteriole small artery.
calx or calix cayces or calices cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis
catheter tube for injecting or removing fluids
cortex outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex).
creatinine nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
creatine clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing (clearing) creatinine from the blood.
electrolyte chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves.
erythropoietin (EPO) hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow. -poetin means a substance that forms.
filtration process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter.
glomerular capsule enclosing structure surrounding each glomerus; known as the Bowman capsule and it collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.
glomerulus glomeruli tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood vessels) in the kidney.
hilum depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave.
kidney one of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.
meatus opening or canal.
medulla inner region of an organ. the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney (medullary means pertaining to the medulla).
nephron combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney; the functional unit of the kidney. 1 million per kidney.
nitrogenous waste substance containing nitrogen and excreted in urine.
potassium (k+) an electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood; essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.
reabsorption process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the bloodstream.
renal artery blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.
renal pelvis central collecting region in the kidney.
renal tubule microscopic tubes in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.
renal vein blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.
renin hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels).
sodium (Na+) an electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions.
trigone triangular area in the urinary bladder.
urea major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
ureter one of the two tubes leading from the kidnets to the urinary bladder.
urethra tube leading from the kidneys to the outside of the body.
uric acid nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine.
urinary bladder hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.
urination (voiding) process of expelling urine; also called micturition.
Created by: mahepath
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