Ch. 12 Respiratory
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| Hows does oxygen get to the human body? | show 🗑
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| What causes a human to take a breath? | show 🗑
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| show | Structure: Fine hair-like Function: Traps particles from the air, so they don't enter the lungs.
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| What is the function of Mucus? | show 🗑
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| Name the functions of the Pharynx: | show 🗑
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| show | Closes when food is swallowed, air travels from pharynx, over open epiglottis & the larynx.
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| Describe the components of the Larynx: | show 🗑
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| show | They move away from the larynx to make room for air.
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| show | Tension & length of cords determines voice pitch.
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| show | Intubation --> tube through mouth, and Tracheotomy--> Hole is made in trachea
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| What is the function of the trachea? | show 🗑
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| What is the structure and function of the Bronchi? | show 🗑
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| show | Microscopic, contains cartilage-ringed structures, they have walls of muscle cells.
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| show | Grape-like structured air sacs
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| show | External: Gets O2 from nose --> alveolus & into cap. & return of CO2 to nose.
Internal: Exchange of O2 & Co2 at cellular level
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| Define Surfactant: | show 🗑
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| How do the lungs develop in babies? | show 🗑
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| What occurs in premature babies with their lungs? | show 🗑
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| What can happen to a person's lungs who smoke? | show 🗑
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| Visceral Pleura | show 🗑
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| show | Entire thoracic cavity is surrounded by it
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| show | Is the space between pleura, and it contains fluid to prevent friction during respiration.
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| What happens to the diaphragm when it contracts? | show 🗑
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| What triggers the brain to tell the body to breathe? | show 🗑
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| Identify the 10 different diagnostic exams: | show 🗑
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| show | Measures partial pressures of both O2 & CO2 and determines pH(acidic= alot of H, Alkaline= low H)
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| show | To view the airway or remove a foreign body
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| show | Chest: Computer image detailing lungs & structures in the chest, determines lung cancer.
Pulm. Arteries: Scan accompanied by injection of IV contrast, looks for blood clot.
Needle Biopsy: Needle inserted into chest to biopsy lung masses
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| What is a Positron Emission Tomography Scan used for? | show 🗑
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| Define the use for a PFT test: | show 🗑
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| How is a spirometer measured & evaluated in a PFT test? | show 🗑
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| What does the Pulse ox Measure? | show 🗑
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| What does a Sputum Analysis use to diagnose infectious organisms or cancer cells? | show 🗑
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| show | Withdraw fluid from pleural space by needle aspiration following local anesthetic
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| show | E: caused by dust, mold, cigarette smoke, and animal mites
S&S: Sneezing, watery nasal discharge, itchy eyes & nose
TX: Admin antihistamines, topical nasal steroids, & decongestants, avoid allergens
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| show | E: (CHRONIC) causes swelling, inflammation& constriction of the bronchi & bronchioles
S&S: Wheezing, coughing, SOB, mucus coughed up & expectorated
Tx: Skin tests, long-acting bronchodilators, Inhaled steroids, leukotriene mods, O2
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| Identify the Etiology, S&S, and Treatment of COPD: | show 🗑
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| show | E: Lack of air in lungs --> collapse of alveolus
S&S: Yellowish-gray/green mucus producing cough, sore throat, constriction of chest, malaise.
Tx: Expectorants help remove excessive mucus, avoid smoking, antibiotics, Azithromycin, Bronchodi; Advair
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| Identify the Etiology, S&S, and Treatment Pneumonia: | show 🗑
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| Identify the Etiology, S&S, and Treatment Pneumothorax: | show 🗑
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| show | E: Scarring of the lung tissue--> makes lungs stiff & small (fatal)
S&S: SOB, talking--dyspnea, dry coughing, tachypnea, cyanosis, crackling sound
Tx: Steroids, immunosuppresisve agents slow progresion, O2, Lung transplant
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| Identify the Etiology, S&S, and Treatment Pulmonary Edema: | show 🗑
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| show | E: Kills healthy infants between birth & 8 months are @ ↑ risk
S&S: N breathing becomes rapid & shallow, nostrils flare & sternum retracts, infants grunt
Tx: Urgent aggressive tx needed, O2 therapy, insert endotracheal tube, ventilator
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| Identify the Etiology, S&S, and Treatment Sinitus: | show 🗑
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| Identify the Etiology, S&S, and Treatment Sudden Infant Death Syndrome ((SIDS): | show 🗑
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| show | E: (ACUTE/CHRONIC) ↑ contagious infection --> nodular lesions & patchy infiltration of the lung tissue
S&S: Fatigue, pm sweats, wt loss, ↓ fever
Tx: Isolation, bed rest, adequate H2O, meds for TB; Rifampin 6-12m, care 4 nasal & expectorated discharge
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| show | E: common cold
S&S: associated with the common cold
Tx: Aspirin, fluids, rest, decongestants, thraot lozengens
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