Anthropology of Myth Magic and Religion Exam Review
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| show | looking at human societies as the sum of the whole
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| show | the method of studying human societies as the sum of the whole
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| show | the insider point of view
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| etic | show 🗑
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| show | the tendency to use our own society as a basis for interpreting and judging another society
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| cultural relativism | show 🗑
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| show | the descriptive study of human societies
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| show | the anthropologist lives within the community and participates to a degree in the lives of the people under study, while at the same time making objective observations
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| show | a set of cultural beliefs and practices that usually include some or all of a basic set of characteristics
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| show | a term that refers to things that are “above the natural”
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| show | a term that denotes an attitude wherein the subject is entitled to reverence and respect
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| show | shared understandings about the meanings of certain words, attributes, or objects. At the most basic definition is it something that stands for something else.
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| ideology | show 🗑
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| anthropomorphic | show 🗑
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| cargo cults | show 🗑
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| show | attempting to trace the origins of something (in this case religion) to a common, single source
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| show | the belief that religion developed by naturally moving from a simple to a complex form
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| animism | show 🗑
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| show | belief in many gods
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| show | belief in a single god
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| show | a belief in an ancient supernatural force which lives in everything
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| Marxist approach | show 🗑
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| cognitive approach | show 🗑
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| show | the processes of the human brain that include things like perception, learning, problem solving etc.
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| functional approach | show 🗑
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| show | a system of beliefs that act to contain natural selfishness of an individuals and to promote social cooperation, developed by Durkheim
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| show | interpreting religion via webs of significance or a system of symbols which are culturally specific
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| psychosocial approach | show 🗑
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| show | objects have a supernatural power embedded in them, originated in Melanesia and is an example of animatism
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| worldview | show 🗑
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| show | the order/structure of reality as perceived by a society
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| mazeways | show 🗑
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| show | a person's individual worldview
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| folktales | show 🗑
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| show | stories based on real people or events which are considered to be factual
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| myths | show 🗑
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| narratives | show 🗑
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| show | a single myth to explain or be the source of all other myths which some scholars search for
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| structural analysis | show 🗑
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| The collective unconsciousness | show 🗑
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| show | the main characters of Jung's collective unconsciousness and of myths such as The Hero
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| social charter | show 🗑
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| show | the ability of humans to use symbols to refer to things and activities that are remote to the user
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| show | divorced from meaning (in the case of symbols)
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| color symbolism | show 🗑
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| show | utilizing a totem to form a special relationship between a group/individual and its totem
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| show | a symbol which works as a representation of a social unit
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| show | a geometric configuration of symbols. In some religions, it is a map of the religion's cosmology.
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| petroglyphs | show 🗑
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| geoglyphs | show 🗑
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| show | esteemed parts of religiously powerful humans or objects they are associated with
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| show | a recurring sequence of events which when religious, involves the manipulation of religious symbols
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| show | the formation of rituals, ie a set of behaviors or patterns of behavior that 'mean something' to other members of the group
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| show | rituals that are required to be performed
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| situational (crisis) rituals | show 🗑
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| periodic/calendrical rituals | show 🗑
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| occasional rituals | show 🗑
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| show | rituals that maintain the normal functioning of the community, often showing codes of conduct, good from evil and the community's worldview
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| show | rituals which utilize a 'technique' to achieve a natural or supernatural result
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| social rites of intensification | show 🗑
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| tabu | show 🗑
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| dramatic ritual/social drama | show 🗑
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| offerings | show 🗑
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| sacrifice | show 🗑
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| show | entering a different state of mind via triggers such as repetitive stimuli or mind-altering substances
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| trance | show 🗑
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| possession | show 🗑
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| show | a mental or physical journey to achieve a sacred goal which changes the participants, or a series of rituals that are associated with sacred places or things
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| show | a concept created by Turner to explain the sense of equality and community a group of individuals develop during certain rituals
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| show | rituals where a person is separated from their former status, transitions into a new status and is incorporated into a new social relationship. An example is marriage.
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| coming of age rituals | show 🗑
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| liminality | show 🗑
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| show | rituals by which a person can compel the supernatural to behave in a certain way
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| show | magic which depends on the agreement between aspects of two things such as the croaking of frogs leading to rain
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| law of similarity | show 🗑
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| show | often called alternative medicine or homeopathic medicine in the modern day this type of magic uses the law of similarity
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| image magic | show 🗑
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| Doctrine of Signatures | show 🗑
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| contagious magic | show 🗑
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| show | protective magic which is meant to protect against harmful supernatural influences
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| show | supernatural ways of learning about the unknown based on observing or manipulating the connection between things
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| show | divination which happens without any conscious effort on the part of the individual such as by observing natural phenomenon
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| show | divination which happens with the effort of an individual(s) often through a technique such as animal sacrifice
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| inspirational divination | show 🗑
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| non-inspirational divination | show 🗑
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| scapulamancy | show 🗑
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| religious specialists | show 🗑
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| show | a religious specialist whose role is to interact with the spiritual world on behalf of others
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| show | full-time religious specialists associated with formalized religious institutions that may be linked with kinship groups, communities or larger political units who grant authority to the priests/priestesses
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| lama/gelongma | show 🗑
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| show | religious specialists who reject their family and other social obligations in favor of the religious institutions. Can sometimes be wanderers or hermits.
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| herbalists | show 🗑
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| show | someone who practices divination via techniques of manipulating the supernatural or via observation or communication with the supernatural
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| show | a religious specialist who is a mouthpiece of the gods with direct communication with the spirits/gods being passed on to humans
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| marriage | show 🗑
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| dowry | show 🗑
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| bride price/bride wealth | show 🗑
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| ghost/spirit marriage | show 🗑
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| show | burying a dead body in the earth
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| cremation | show 🗑
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| show | a type of burial where the body is left in a high place and exposed to the elements and scavengers
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| anthropogenic | show 🗑
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| endocannibalism | show 🗑
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| show | the bones and/or body are removed from the grave and reburied
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| ancestor worship/ancestors | show 🗑
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| show | the non-corporeal, spiritual component of an individual which manifests after death
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| show | the soul is reborn after death into a new body
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| purgatory | show 🗑
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| afterlife | show 🗑
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| show | supernatural beings which guide the dead to or through the afterlife
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| zombies | show 🗑
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| ghosts | show 🗑
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| show | thought to be the dead rising up sometimes to spread disease or harm, and possibly to drink blood
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| theodicy | show 🗑
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| maleficium | show 🗑
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| werewolves | show 🗑
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| show | a generic term for a large group within the religious movement of Neopaganism
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| show | the idea that all reality, nature etc. is part of a supreme entity; the divine in everyone
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| show | a group within many Native American peoples who define their gender via their occupation and behavior rather than sexual choices or biology
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| the Hijra | show 🗑
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| show | Native Hawaiian peoples with spiritual and social roles in Hawaiian culture who are dual male/female.
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| Bissu | show 🗑
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| show | when a dominant culture influences a subordinate culture and causes it to change while the dominant culture remains the same
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| show | when the dominant culture changes the subordinate society so much it ceases to have its own distinct identity
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| syncretism | show 🗑
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| revitalization movements | show 🗑
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| nativist movements | show 🗑
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| show | a revitalization movement which attempts to ‘revive’ what is seen as a past ‘golden age’ in which ancient customs are seen as symbols of the nobility and legitimacy of the repressed culture
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| millenarian movements | show 🗑
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| messianic movements | show 🗑
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| The Ghost Dance | show 🗑
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| show | a specific pathological process in the body, characterized by a known set of symptoms
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| show | a person’s subjective experience of a disease or condition, often influenced by cultural beliefs and norms
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